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4 results

  • Review of the impact of COVID-19 on male reproduction, and its implications on assisted reproductive technology services

  • Romualdo Sciorio, Luca Tramontano, Serena Bellaminutti, Raffaele Aiello, Adriana Fortunato, Roberto Marci, Ronny Janssens
  • Journal:
    Zygote / Volume 30 / Issue 6 / December 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 September 2022, pp. 743-748

  • The announcement in 2019 of a new coronavirus disease that quickly became a major pandemic, is an exceptional challenge to healthcare systems never seen before. Such a public health emergency can largely influence various aspects of people’s health as well as reproductive outcome. IVF specialists should be vigilant, monitoring the situation whilst contributing by sharing novel evidence to counsel patients, both pregnant women and would-be mothers. Coronavirus infection might adversely affect pregnant women and their offspring. Consequently, this review paper aims to analyse its potential risks for reproductive health, as well as potential effects of the virus on gamete function and embryo development. In addition, reopening fertility clinics poses several concerns that need immediate addressing, such as the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on reproductive cells and also the potential risk of cross-contamination and viral transmission. Therefore, this manuscript summarizes what is currently known about the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on medically assisted reproductive treatments and its effect on reproductive health and pregnancy.

  • Chapter 37 - Decontamination of Airway Equipment

  • from Section 3 - Airway Management: Organisation
  • Edited by Tim Cook, Michael Seltz Kristensen
  • Book:
    Core Topics in Airway Management
    Published online:
    03 October 2020
    Print publication:
    03 December 2020, pp 316-320

  • Summary

    Healthcare-associated infection is a global concern and imposes a huge economic burden on the health industry. Anaesthesiologists must be aware of their role in mitigating infection at the work place. This chapter looks at the potential sources and causes of infection and how an anaesthetic event may result in cross-infection. Good practices including hand-washing, decontamination of equipment and maintenance of work surfaces and anaesthetic machines between cases are described. Terminologies such as single use, single patient use, reusable equipment, decontamination and sterilisation are defined. Management of reusable components of video and direct laryngoscopes and the use, maintenance and transport of flexible optical bronchoscopes are discussed. We hope this chapter would be of use to the career anaesthesiologists and also to trainees preparing for their certificate exams.

  • Survival and metabolic activity of lux-marked Escherichia coli O157:H7 in different types of milk

  • Nawfal A Alhelfi, Rabya A Lahmer, Davey L Jones, A Prysor Williams
  • Journal:
    Journal of Dairy Research / Volume 79 / Issue 3 / August 2012
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    04 April 2012, pp. 257-261
    Print publication:
    August 2012

  • Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a potentially lethal pathogen which has been responsible for several outbreaks of milk-borne illness in recent years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival and metabolic activity (indexed by bioluminescence) of a chromosomally lux-marked strain of Esch. coli O157:H7 in raw, pasteurized and microfiltered pasteurized milk at 4 and 20°C for up to 14 d. Results showed that the population of Esch. coli O157:H7 and its metabolic activity decreased in all samples during storage at 4°C, with no significant differences in numbers observed between the different milk types; but metabolic activity was significantly higher (P<0·05) in the microfiltered pasteurized milk than that in raw milk. At 20°C, Esch. coli O157:H7 counts and cell activity peaked at day 2, and then declined progressively. At 20°C, survival and metabolic activity were significantly lower in raw milk compared with pasteurized milk. We conclude that storage temperature is more important in regulating the survival of Esch. coli O157 in contaminated milk than its origin/pre-treatment conditions.

  • Mouth-to-Mouth Ventilation of Cardiac Arrested Humans Using a Barrier Mask

  • Kirk C. Lufkin, Ernest Ruiz
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 8 / Issue 4 / December 1993
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 June 2012, pp. 333-335
    Print publication:
    December 1993
  • Introduction:

    Concern for possible disease transmission during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation has decreased the incidence of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Barrier masks have become available that may be effective in CPR as well as protective against cross-contamination.

    Hypothesis:

    A silicone rubber barrier mask incorporating a one-way-valved airway (Kiss of Life [KOL]) designed to prevent contamination of the rescuer, permits satisfactory mouth-to-mouth ventilation of victims of cardiopulmonary arrest.

    Methods:

    Ten adult patients who did not survive non-traumatic cardiac arrest were ventilated with exhaled room air using a KOL barrier mask while external cardiac massage continued. Arterial blood gases were obtained every two minutes for a maximum of 10 minutes. The operator was blinded to the results of these blood tests.

    Results:

    Eight men and two women with ages from 55 to 99 years were studied. Four patients were edentulous and two of these had marked mandibular atrophy. The two patients with mandibular atrophy were poorly ventilated with the barrier mask. One other patient was not ventilated successfully. This patient had undergone multiple attempts at endotracheal intubation and had transtracheal needle ventilation performed prior to use of the barrier mask. One patient had elevated PaCO2 despite being well-ventilated clinically. Six patients were ventilated well clinically and had satisfactory PaCO2 and PaO2 values.

    Conclusion:

    The barrier mask studied appears to be an effective aid to ventilation in CPR Patients without facial support, as in edentulous patients with mandibular atrophy, are not ventilated well with this device.