We present a neonatal case of interventricular septal aneurysm associated with right coronary artery fistula. This report is the first to document such a neonatal case, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and surgical intervention.

Giant coronary aneurysm with ventricular fistula is rare. Due to the limited data from randomised clinical trials, therapeutic strategies for coronary aneurysms predominantly rely on on case series and anecdotal evidences. Reporting cases that provide practical experience in managing these aneurysms is therefore crucial. In this article, we report a rare case of a successful surgical management for a thrombosed giant left coronary aneurysm with right ventricular fistula, which is larger than any previously reported cases.

Coronary artery fistula is a rare but well-documented complication of right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy, particularly in the adult population. Typically, these fistulae never reach clinical or hemodynamic significance, but some may cause coronary steal and ventricular dysfunction. We report a case of a significant coronary artery fistula requiring device closure in the cardiac catheterization laboratory with subsequent improvement of clinical symptoms and cardiac function.

Coronary artery fistulas are rare, but one of the most common forms of congenital coronary abnormalities. These patients are often diagnosed incidentally undergoing coronary angiography, but with the advent of novel cardiac imaging tools, there is an increasing rate of detection as well as transcatheter management of these fistulas. Our case is unusual in a way that it involved a combination of two separate coronary artery fistulas arising from both the coronary systems draining into the same site.

Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum is a complex cyanotic congenital heart lesion with the potential for myocardial ischaemia due to the presence of coronary artery anomalies. We present a case of a two-day-old baby with postnatal diagnosis of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum in whom non-invasive ferumoxytol-enhanced 4D cardiac magnetic resonance angiography was used for the assessment of coronary artery anatomy.

Large coronary artery fistulas draining to the left heart structures causing heart failure are very rare. Interventional closure of such fistulas is limited to isolated reports, often in asymptomatic patients. Technical differences in these interventions include either deep arterial cannulation till their exit or transseptal arteriovenous circuit formation. Transcatheter closure of three large symptomatic fistulas in small children is reported.

Coronary artery fistulas are relatively rare congenital or iatrogenic heart defects that can present with or without symptoms. Symptomatic patients manifest as myocardial ischaemia, arrhythmia, or heart failure. We present a asymptomatic child with a large left anterior descending coronary artery to right ventricular fistula.

Abnormal small fistulous flows in the pulmonary artery were detected on routine transthoracic echocardiography in asymptomatic patients by colour Doppler echocardiography. The most likely diagnosis is small coronary artery-pulmonary artery fistulas. We evaluated the clinical, echocardiographic, and follow-up findings of 101 patients. The mean age at first echocardiographic evaluation was 4.3 ± 4.2 years. In 79 (78.2%) of the patients, fistula flow in the pulmonary artery was diagnosed at the first presentation and the remaining 22 patients (21.8%) were diagnosed between the 2nd and 10th examination. The echocardiography indication was cardiac murmur in 42 (41.6%), routine cardiac control in 30 (29.7%), additional CHD in 14 (13.8%), non-specific chest pain in 11 (10.9%), suspicion of inflammatory heart disease in 2 (2%), and syncope in 2 (2%) patients. In 70 (69.3%) patients, fistulous flow was located in the anterior aspect of the main pulmonary artery, in 23 (22.8%) patients on the aortic side of the pulmonary artery and in 8 (7.9%) patients on the right pulmonary artery. Additional cardiac anomalies were ventricular septal defect in 8, patent ductus arteriosus in 6, atrial septal defect in 5, mitral valve prolapse in 4, coarctation of aorta in 4, bicuspid aortic valve in 3, and Kawasaki syndrome in 1 patient. Sixty-four patients (63.3%) were followed during a mean of 52.6 ± 43.7 months. Spontaneous closure was detected in only three patients; the others remained almost unchanged during the follow-up. Since the fistulas are thin and hemodynamically insignificant, echocardiography is an appropriate method to monitor these patients without performing any invasive diagnostic procedures for the fistula source.

We report an extremely rare case of a 14-month-old girl who was diagnosed with a single right coronary artery with coronary artery fistula communicating with the right ventricle and congenital absence of left coronary artery. Angiography showed a dilated and tortuous single right coronary artery draining into the right ventricle, absence of left coronary system, and left ventricular coronary circulation supplied via collateral vessels.

Endocarditis of congenital coronary fistulas in the cardiac chambers is rare, especially in the paediatric age group. We describe the case of a 9-year-old boy with a fistula from the dilated right coronary artery to the junction of the superior caval vein to the right atrium, complicated by endocarditis. Treatment consisted of 6 weeks of antibiotics and interventional closure of the fistula 3 months later with an Amplatzer vascular plug.

Coronary artery fistula with giant coronary artery ectasia is a rare abnormal CHD. Multidetector CT is useful for the diagnosis. Early diagnosis and surgery are recommended.

We describe the case of a young man with bilateral coronary artery to left ventricular fistula, which was drained via a single, common channel. The anomaly was incidentally detected with coronary CT angiography.

We report on a 6-year-old boy with a huge right coronary artery to the right ventricle fistula, who had previously been treated by device closure at the right ventricular exit point. However, 3 years later, the right coronary artery aneurysm showed progressively dilation and compressed the right ventricle. To prevent further complications related to the aneurysm, the proximal part of the aneurysm was successfully occluded by a vascular plug.

It is controversial to observe or close symptomatic congenital coronary artery fistula in infants. We herein describe a medium-sized symptomatic congenital coronary artery fistula that underwent rapid spontaneous closure in an infant aged <3 months.

We present a case of congenital multiple coronary artery–left ventricle micro-fistulas, which were treated with propranolol disappearing within 6 months. She had a malformative syndrome associated with a chromosomal abnormality. The treatment for coronary artery fistula includes surgical ligation and transcatheter closure, but they are not indicated in congenital micro-fistulas. We propose propranolol as a treatment in this type of diffuse fistula.

Here we report an infant with coronary artery fistulas. To clearly visualise the fistulas and surrounding materials, we utilised three-dimensional computed tomography, and the images were transferred as novel visualised three-dimensional images using a reconstruction technique. With the images, we could repair the fistulas accurately. We believe that these images are useful for repairing coronary artery fistulas in infants.

We report a retrograde approach for the successful closure of large left coronary artery fistulas in the cases of two children using the Amplatzer vascular plug. This method simplified the procedure by eliminating the need for making an arteriovenous loop.