Recent studies have shown that inclusion of eggs in young children’s diet can help meet nutritional requirements associated with cognitive development. This study aims to investigate the effect of egg consumption on early childhood development using Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 in Burkina Faso.

The study presented here uses data collected during a follow-up of the Un Oeuf-a three-arm clustered randomised controlled trial (RCT), conducted roughly 4 months after the end of the RCT.

This research was conducted in eighteen rural villages within the Kaya Department of the Sanmatenga Province in Burkina Faso.

Participants of this study include a total of 244 children aged between 18 and 33 months, with seventy-eight children in the full intervention group, eighty-three in the partial group, and eighty-three in the control group.

Results show that children with consistent egg consumption (in all months) had a lower odd of falling below the cut-off scores in gross motor (${\rm{OR}} = {\rm 0\!\cdot\!13},{\it P} = \rm{0\!\cdot\!02}$) and personal social skills (${\rm{OR}} = 0\!\cdot\!34,{\it P} =0 \!\cdot\!05$). And a dose–response was established; for each additional egg/week, a 1·9 % increase in scores for problem-solving skills was observed.

Findings from this study contribute to a growing body of evidence that increasing egg consumption among children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) can improve growth and development. The study highlights the need for additional research in LMIC to better understand the multifactorial relationship between diet and childhood development.