Chapter 4 recounts the rising prominence of public health demonstrations as a policy-making method. In such demonstrations, a zone was demarcated in which public health services were provided and financial needs calculated as a policy experiment. The Milbank Memorial Fund popularized the concept through its demonstrations in New York State. Edgar Sydenstricker – former statistician at the LNHO – was hired by the Fund and directed its funding to reproduce Milbank’s demonstration in Ding Xian, a rural county southwest of Beijing. In both New York and Ding Xian, statistics were central to setting up the experiment, but less so in terms of policy follow-up. The Ding Xian demonstration, along with the Eastern European rural health savoir-faire that was introduced to China through the LNHO, served as the prototype for China’s Central Field Health Station, a national research institute where public health situations, whether social or bacteriological, were quantified. That quantification did not feed directly into policy-making, however, as the experts in charge retained the authority to make sense of the numbers.