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4 results

  • Chapter 14 - Functional neuroimaging of human REM sleep

  • from Section 2 - Neuroimaging of wakefulness and sleep
  • Edited by Eric Nofzinger, University of Pittsburgh, Pierre Maquet, Université de Liège, Belgium, Michael J. Thorpy
  • Book:
    Neuroimaging of Sleep and Sleep Disorders
    Published online:
    05 March 2013
    Print publication:
    07 March 2013, pp 114-120

  • Summary

    Radiotracer imaging methods such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are well suited to provide information about the functional, metabolic, and molecular status of tissues and organs. Brain SPECT has a well-established role for a number of clinical indications. Cerebral perfusion studies are used in the evaluation of dementias, epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease, trauma, brain death, and to assist with neuropsychiatric evaluation. Brain function is evaluated at baseline, before and after pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy, and following a number of activation tasks to examine a large number of psychiatric conditions. The integration of SPECT and CT in a single imaging device facilitates anatomical localization of the radiopharmaceutical to differentiate physiological uptake from that associated with disease. SPECT and SPECT/CT is continuing to evolve with the introduction of new technologies that have the potential to improve performance beyond that possible with Anger's pioneering approach.

  • Chapter 10 - Neurological complications of systemic disorders

  • Edited by S. Andrew Josephson, University of California, San Francisco, W. David Freeman, David J. Likosky
  • Book:
    Neurohospitalist Medicine
    Published online:
    07 October 2011
    Print publication:
    29 September 2011, pp 142-152

  • Summary

    This chapter reviews the pathology, epidemiology, treatment and management of Intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhages typically occur in territories perfused by deep perforating arteries coming off the basal cerebral arteries. The advent in early use of CT imaging, however, has documented expansion of intracerebral hemorrhage in almost 40% of the cases. The role of surgery for supratentorial hemorrhages has been extensively evaluated in the management of intracerebral hemorrhage, with most of these studies showing no benefit of surgical evacuation of the hematoma. There are approximately 25-30,000 patients a year with SAH. The initial management strategy for the patient after SAH is to stabilize the patient until the cerebral aneurysm can be identified and secured. Interventional procedures may be needed to open constricted cerebral blood vessels if medical maneuvers are insufficient to improve or prevent the onset of neurological deficits due to vasospasm.

  • Anatomical variations in the human paranasal sinus region studied by CT

  • I. PÉREZ-PIÑAS, J. SABATÉ, A. CARMONA, C. J. CATALINA-HERRERA, J. JIMÉNEZ-CASTELLANOS
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Anatomy / Volume 197 / Issue 2 / August 2000
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 October 2000, pp. 221-227
    Print publication:
    August 2000

  • A precise knowledge of the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses is essential for the clinician. Conventional radiology does not permit a detailed study of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and has now largely been replaced by computerised tomographic (CT) imaging. This gives an applied anatomical view of the region and the anatomical variants that are very often found. The detection of these variants to prevent potential hazards is essential for the use of current of endoscopic surgery on the sinuses. In the present work, we have studied the anatomical variants observed in the nasal fossae and paranasal sinuses in 110 Spanish subjects, using CT in the coronal plane, complemented by horizontal views. We have concentrated on the variants of the nasal septum, middle nasal concha, ethmoid unciform process and ethmoid bulla, together with others of lesser frequency. The population studied showed great anatomical variability, and a high percentage (67%) presented one or more anatomical variants. Discounting agger nasi air cells and asymmetry of both cavities of the sphenoidal sinus, which were present in all our cases, the variations most often observed were, in order, deviation of the nasal septum, the presence of a concha bullosa, bony spurs of the nasal septum and Onodi air cells.