The present paper includes an historical briefing, a morphological description of blood polymorphism, and current use of the Chilote pony horse breed. Its characteristics differentiate it from other horse breeds present in Chile.
Historical records, phenotypic and genetic characteristics show that the ancestors of this breed were brought to Chiloé by the Spanish conquerors.
The actual population of the Chilote pony in Chiloé islands, as estimated by the present study, is not more than 300 horses. In order to maintain this genetic material it appears relevant to start with a conservation project for this horse in Chile.