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2 results

  • Chapter 41 - US transplant service – legal and operational framework

  • from Section 8 - The transplant service
  • Edited by Andrew A. Klein, Clive J. Lewis, Joren C. Madsen
  • Book:
    Organ Transplantation
    Published online:
    07 September 2011
    Print publication:
    11 August 2011, pp 347-354

  • Summary

    For a patient with end-stage renal disease, the best option is a living donor transplant. The major concern about living donor transplantation is the risk to the donor. The donor operation is a major procedure that is associated with morbidity, mortality, and the potential for adverse long-term consequences, secondary to living with a single kidney. The surgical risks for laparoscopic and open nephrectomy are similar. The most common causes of death have been pulmonary embolism, bleeding, and infection. Living donors report a similar or better quality of life, as compared with the general population. Risk factors for less positive quality of life after donation have also been identified, including poor donor or recipient physical outcome, a negative personal donor-recipient relationship, and financial hardship. Population studies have shown that smoking, obesity, hypertension, and elevated blood glucose levels are associated with an increased risk of proteinuria and kidney disease.

  • Anesthesia can cause sustained hyperglycemia in C57/BL6J mice

  • E.T. BROWN, Y. UMINO, T. LOI, E. SOLESSIO, R. BARLOW
  • Journal:
    Visual Neuroscience / Volume 22 / Issue 5 / September 2005
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    06 December 2005, pp. 615-618

  • Effects of anesthesia on the blood glucose of C57/BL6J mice were evaluated under conditions commonly used for testing retinal sensitivity with electroretinographic (ERG) recordings. We evaluated the effects of four anesthetics: nembutal (50 mg/kg), pentothal (100 mg/kg), avertin (240 mg/kg), and ketamine/xylazine (100 mg/kg) using saline as control. We measured blood glucose (BG) levels from tail vein blood before and 15 and 60 min following intraperitoneal injections. Fifteen minutes postinjection, all four anesthetics and saline elevated BG with ketamine/xylazine and avertin having substantially greater effects than nembutal, pentothal, and saline. Only the effects of ketamine/xylazine and avertin persisted throughout the test period. Sixty minutes after injecting ketamine/xylazine BG remained elevated at 400 ± 42 mg/dl, a 167% increase over preinjection levels. Sixty minutes after injecting avertin BG was 288 ± 10 mg/dl, a 59% increase over preinjection levels. No sustained elevation in BG was detected 60 min following injection of nembutal, pentothal, or saline. Because BG can affect the amplitude of the ERG, caution should be exercised in the use of ketamine/xylazine or avertin. The choice of anesthesia may also be important in diabetes and metabolism research where changes in blood glucose could impact physiological processes.