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2 results

  • 1 - Dislocation Theory and Metallurgy

  • from Part I - Fundamentals
  • Tadashi Hasebe, Kobe University, Japan
  • Book:
    Field Theory of Multiscale Plasticity
    Published online:
    14 December 2023
    Print publication:
    04 January 2024, pp 3-85
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  • Summary

    This Chapter first presents a minimal set of basic concepts about “dislocations.” After giving a brief overview of the dislocation theory, specific notions such as “Lomer-Cottrell sessile junction” and “stacking fault energy” are detailed, which are exceptionally important for a comprehensive understanding of many of the characteristics, particularly, dislocation-dislocation interactions and their strengths. The second part provides a simple introduction to metallurgy, especially regarding crystallographic structures, placing a special emphasis on the substantial distinction between face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) structures, which is expected to greatly facilitate further understanding of the associated contrasting features between the two.

  • Treatment of non-melanoma superficial skin cancer with custom-made wax moulds using Iridium-192 high-dose-rate brachytherapy source

  • Kamran Ali Shah, Habib Ahmad, Muhammad Rauf Khatak, Misbah Ahmad, Nabila Javed, Syed Jawad Ali Shah, Wajeeha Shaheen
  • Journal:
    Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice / Volume 17 / Issue 1 / March 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 August 2017, pp. 53-59
  • Introduction

    In non-melanoma skin cancer—that is, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)—brachytherapy treatment is preferred over surgical excision because of cosmetic reasons, acceptability and preference of patients.

    Material and methods

    Moulds are prepared of wax to match the size of the lesion. This represents the area to be considered in treatment planning. A total of 85 patients who had either SCC or BCC were treated, and all these patients were classified on the basis of age, gender and origin.

    Results

    Patients were treated with 39 Gy in 13 fractions (biological effective dose=50·7 Gy). In 52 BCC patients, treatment achieved excellent cosmetic results in 49 cases, with 17 of these patients experiencing Grade-1 skin reactions related to treatment in the first 24 weeks of follow-up. A single patient experienced Grade-II hyper-pigmentation reaction in the third week. In 33 SCC patients, treatment achieved excellent cosmetic results in 28 cases, with 17 of these patients experiencing Grade-I reaction in the first 36 weeks after treatment. Among the remaining four patients, only one developed Grade-II hypo-pigmentation and one patient experienced tumour recurrence near the primary site. The overall outcome efficacy of the treatment was 98·8%.

    Findings

    The treatment outcome not only enhances our confidence in brachytherapy but also improves the patient’s satisfaction regarding cosmetic results and curative output achieved by avoiding a surgical procedure for non-melanoma skin cancers.