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Political Survival through Religious Instrumentalism: Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam Fazlur Rehman's Resistance to Madrassah Reforms in Pakistan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2022

Abdur Rehman Shah Open the ORCID record for Abdur Rehman Shah [Opens in a new window]  and
Afsah Qazi Open the ORCID record for Afsah Qazi [Opens in a new window]
Abdur Rehman Shah*
Affiliation:
Department of International Relations, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan
Afsah Qazi
Affiliation:
Department of Strategic Studies, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
*
Corresponding author: Abdur Rehman Shah, email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Pakistan has strived though unsuccessfully to introduce reforms into thousands of religious seminaries. Among the different sects of seminaries, Deobandi madaris which are mostly led by Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam Fazlur Rehman (JUI-F) have posed the greatest challenge. This paper seeks to analyze why and how JUI-F obstructs the state's attempts of convincing madaris for reforms. Based on the findings of elite group interviews and constructs of “elite instrumentalism” and “political survival theory,” this study argues that JUI-F has political interests, both strategic-cum-existential and tactical, at stake in resisting these reforms. This study of Fazlur Rehman's behavior vis-à-vis state's madrassah reform initiatives allows one to bring home the theoretical premises set by “political survival theory” and “elite instrumentalism.” Accordingly, JUI-F opposes madrassah reforms because the instrumental use of religion (madaris) has long been vital for retaining its political power which in turn has ensured party's political survival.

Keywords

religionmadrassahpoliticsJamiat Ulama-e-Islam Fazlur Rehman (JUI-F)political survival
Type
Article
Information
Politics and Religion , Volume 16 , Issue 1 , March 2023 , pp. 45 - 72
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Religion and Politics Section of the American Political Science Association

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Footnotes

*

The authors are very thankful to Niloufer Siddique and Mohsin Bashir for their reviews and comments on the earlier draft of this paper. In addition, all the interviewees in general and some in specific deserve special thanks and appreciation.

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