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Plant-based nutrient intake is positively associated with fat free mass index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2012

E. Kelaiditi ,
A. Jennings ,
A. Cassidy ,
A. Macgregor ,
T. Spector  and
A. Welch
E. Kelaiditi
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ
A. Jennings
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ
A. Cassidy
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ
A. Macgregor
Affiliation:
Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College LondonSE1 7EH, UK
T. Spector
Affiliation:
Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College LondonSE1 7EH, UK
A. Welch
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ
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Abstract

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Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 71 , Issue OCE2: Summer Meeting hosted by the Irish Section, 16–19 July 2012, Translational nutrition: integrating research, practice and policy , 2012 , E191
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2012

Evidence suggests that a number of nutrients have been associated with muscle mass due to their anti-oxidant or anti-inflammatory properties (because oxidative stress and inflammation have been suggested as underlying mechanisms of sarcopenia)( Reference Robinson, Jameson and Batelaan 1 , Reference Laurentani, Semba and Bandinelli 2 , Reference Dominguez, Barbagallo and Laurentani 3 , Reference Dawson-Hughes, Harris and Ceglia 4 ). There are, however, limited studies on associations between habitual dietary intake and muscle mass( Reference Scott, Blizzard and Fell 5 ). The aim of this study was to investigate associations between a range of dietary plant-based nutrients, either involved in the human muscle biology or that act as antioxidants, and fat free mass index( Reference Bischoff, Borchers and Gudat 6 , Reference Rock, Astier and Lab 7 , Reference Fulle, Protasi and Di Tano 8 , Reference Frassetto, Todd and Morris 9 , Reference Young, Phillip and Lowe 10 ).

A cross sectional study among 2570 women from the Twins UK adult twin registry, aged 18–79 yrs was conducted( Reference Cassidy, Skidmore and Rimm 11 ). Ethical approval was obtained from the St. Thomas's Hospital Research Ethics committee and informed consent obtained from all subjects. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire, which was used to calculate nutrient intake using values from the McCance and Widdowson food composition tables( Reference McCance and Widdowson's 12 ). Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI – lean mass in kg/height2) was calculated by quintiles of plant-based nutrients, after adjustment for age, physical activity, smoking, energy intake, and total body fat. Analysis was performed in STATA version 11.0 (STATA Corp, USA).

Mean age was 48.3 years and mean FFMI 15 kg/m2. Differences for FFMI were significant for vitamin C, magnesium, potassium, and total carotene intakes between the top and bottom quintile with similar results for other carotenoids. Differences were not significant for vitamin E and selenium.

FFMI=Fat Free Mass Index (kg/m2). Values are means and Standard Errors in quintiles 1 and 5 of the nutrient intakes. 1 Adjusted for age (yrs), physical activity (inactive, moderate, active), smoking history (never, former, current), energy intake (kcal/d), and total body fat (kg).

In conclusion, we observed significant positive associations between plant-based nutrients and indexes of muscle mass in women. The greatest association was between vitamin C, magnesium, and potassium, and the FFMI and the difference between Q1 and Q5 was equivalent to ≈3% of the population mean for FFMI. The findings from this study suggest that, in women, consumption of plant-based nutrients, including vitamin C, magnesium, potassium and carotenoids, may be important in maintaining fat free mass.

References

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