Index

doi:10.1017/9781009459259.027

Index

Aarhus Convention, 160–165, 169–170

ACER, 21–22

adaptation, 87, 198, 234, 240, 299

administrative authority, 194, 272

affordable, 87

airship, 1

alternative fuel infrastructure, 265, See also infrastructure

Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), 267–268, 274–276

Aotearoa, 201–214

arid, 75

artificial energy islands, 182–183

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 98–111, 308

Australia, 65–82, 154, 307

Authority for Consumer and Markets (ACM), 254, 294, 297, 300–302

balancing, 89, 241, 244, 278

barrier, 88–94, 193, 259, 270–275, 280, 309–310

benefit, 26, 33, 38, 41, 70, 72, 134, 139, 170, 197, 281

biodiesel, 99–100, 103

bioenergy, 103, 147–155, 308

biofuels, 98–111, 147–155, 308

biogas, 103–107, 142, 153, 236

blending, 7, 34–35, 42, 56, 69, 184, 297, 299

Brazil, 57–61, 63, 307

burden, 41, 90, 122, 150, 213

bureaucracy, 194–196, 220

cap-and-trade emissions scheme, 122, 125

carbon capture and storage, 19, 102–103, 121, 256

carbon footprint, 236

carbon-neutral, 173

Chile, 51–54, 63, 154, 307

China, 14

circular economy, 194, 198

citizen, 137, 160, 308

clean hydrogen, 31–33, 47, 72, 96, 137

climate change, 87, 105, 197, 233, 307

CO₂, 3, 32, 37, 59, 121, 175, 233, 236, 292

collaboration, 47, 96, 164, 249, 307

Colombia, 54–57, 63, 307

commercial, 35–36, 50, 119

communities, 33, 41, 70, 100, 308

comparative, 47, 49, 70, 138–141, 178–186, 303

concern, 40–44

Connecting Europe Facility (CEF), 268–269

consenting, 201–214, 309

construction, 229–231

consumer

preference, 126, 274

protection, 14, 297, 300

continent. See Oceania, Middle East and North Africa, Latin America, Western Europe, European Union

contract, 28, 70, 90, 93, 107, 224, 231

conversion, 99, 103–105, 109–111, 282

cooling, 147, 149, 175

cost–benefit, 26, 118

court, 81, 161, 197, 209, 212, 227, 252, 290

dangerous, 134, 238–240

decarbonisation, 14, 19, 74, 155, 202, 251, 268, 273

decentral, 207, 300, 308

decision-making chain, 164, 170, 207, 213, 267, 311

demand, 21, 26, 35, 38, 67, 86, 91, 109, 119, 121, 131, 174, 177, 249, 281, 291, 308

democracy, 158, 170

Denmark, 173–187, 250, 265, 309

distribution system operator, 137, 164, 242, 282, 299

diversification lease, 75–78, 81, 307

driver, 86–88, 307

Dutch government, 168, 182, 247–248, 250, 294

economics, 115–127

Electricity Directive, 275, 282–283

electrolyser, 134, 178–187, 189–199, 201–214, 271, 309

emergence, 42, 65, 267, 274–275

end-user market, 126–127, 263–304

energy efficiency, 269–270, 274

Energy Industry Act BE 2550 (2007), 109–110

energy justice, 33, 154–155, 267

energy law, 106–107, 160, 280, 302

energy mix, 85, 95, 277

energy regulation, 253

energy transition, 13, 109, 220, 234, 247, 274, 292–293

enforcement, 235, 301–302

ENTSO-E, 20

ENTSO-G, 20

Environmental Impact Assessment, 105–106, 108–109, 111, 227–228, 230, 271

equitable, 75, 95, 295

equity, 6, 24, 33, 119

European Commission, 148, 150, 156, 163, 176–177, 246, 252–259, 292

European legislation, 29, 295–297, See also legislation

European Network of Network Operators for Hydrogen (ENNOH), 20

European Network of Transmission System Operators. See ENTSO

European Parliament, 19, 148, 152, 253, 257, 259

European Union, 13–29, 153, 158–162, 176–178, 263–276, 279

evidence, 159, 284

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), 173, 185

exemption, 258–259, 285–289

exploration, 103

explore, 103, 107

explosion, 1

export, 43, 46, 49, 65, 68, 70, 85, 143, 203

externalities, 118–122, 309

Fast-Track Resource Consent, 211–213

final, 13, 119, 148, 151, 259, 282

final consumption. See end-user market

final energy use, 15, 292

financial support, 31, 147, 149, 268, 285

financing, 91–93, 197

Finland, 189–199, 309

Fleming, 1–2, 142–156, 291, 308

flexible, 4, 22, 61, 63

foreign, 52, 89, 189

forest, 153, 223

fossil fuels, 3, 20, 47, 87, 101–102, 110, 175, 233

France, 94, 233–244, 293, 310

Francesco La Camera, 1, 8

fuel cell, 38, 91, 104, 125, 274, 308

fuelling infrastructure, 267, 269, 275, 310

Gas Directive, 152–156, 177, 184, 251–260, 287, 295–297, See also EU Gas Directive

Gas Package, 19–22, 279, 287

Gas Regulation. See Gas Package

Gasunie, 138, 168–169, 247–256

geothermal, 79

Germany, 94, 126, 217–232, 246–250, 258, 265, 293, 309

global, 34, 63, 91, 143, 238, 292

global leader, 49, 71, 85, 88

goal-setting, 80, 233–244

governance, 94–97, 135, 277–290, 307

Green Deal, 13–19, 177

greenhouse gas (GHG), 18, 31, 37, 74, 147, 236

greenhouse gas emission. See greenhouse gas

grid, 34, 52, 54, 89, 117, 132, 135, 176, 240–242, 278, 280

Groningen, 135–141, 166–170

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), 84, 93

H2 system, 27–28

harmonising, 74–82

heating, 291–305, 310

heavy-duty vehicles, 34, 49, 267, 270, 272

holistic, 1, 73, 95, 310

household, 124, See also heating

human, 101, 145, 211

human rights, 89, 145, 151, 155, 210, 226

hydro, 47, 79, 153

hydrogen

blue, 31, 175, 236–237

economy, 65, 88–94, 129–141, 158–170, 189, 267, 307

green, 31, 175, 201

grey, 31, 237

grid, 21, 137, 168, 223, 273, 309

hub, 38–41, 72, 76, 92, 208, 238

import, 17, 28, 122, 144, 250

legislation, 3, See also legislation

low-carbon, 13, 17–19, 27, 53–61, 99, 126, 175, 201, 236, 241, 296

pink, 31, 236–237

refuelling stations, 132, 238–240, 263–276, 310

renewable, 17–19, 175, 236

roadmap, 30–35, 47–50, 55, 67–70, 88, 100, 136, 165, 167, 203, 308

terminal, 20–21, 28, 40, 185, 250, 258–259

transport, 123, 183–187, 223–229, 238–244, 247–249, 253–256, 268–274

turquoise, 31, 237

value chain, 21, 23, 61

yellow, 236–237

Hydrogen and Decarbonised Gas Markets Package, 292

hydrogen market, 34, 49, 95, 115–127, 129–140, 257–258

indigenous, 151, 210, 309

industry, 38–40

infrastructure, 26–27, 129–131, 173–187, 267–269, 271, 273–276, 279–281

injustices, 155, 268

innovation, 1, 93, 118, 133, 136, 235, 244, 279, 311

institution, 22, 57, 93–94, 130, 134, 160

integration, 22, 89, 131–141, 177, 298

interconnection, 7, 22, 89, 184

interconnector, 20, 250

intermittency, 28, 175, 278, 310

intermittent, 34, 52, 140, 277

international law, 173–187

interpretation, 145, 153, 180, 198, 224, 228, 287

interstate, 41

investment, 36–37, 259, 286, 307

Japan, 70, 72, 91–93

joint, 22, 26, 71, 87, 117, 138, 211

just transition, 70, 276, 311

land use, 74–82, 103, 153, 191–194, 208, 224–225, 228–229, 307

land use agreements, 224–225, 228–229

large-scale, 71–72, 124, 182, 220, 256

Latin America, 46–64, 307

legislation, 30–45, 51, 55, 71, 74, 89–90, 98, 101, 105, 133–135, 137–138, 150, 161, 178, 191, 204–206, 225, 235, 252, 270, 307, 310, See also policy

licence, 74, 78–82, 101, 103, 108, 178–181

limitations, 88–94

living, 95, 105, 145, 158

local authorities, 129–141, 169, 213, 308

local government, 38, 131, See also Groningen, Puglia, local authorities

low-carbon, 202, 265, 278, 291, 310

manufacturing, 68, 105–106, 266

maritime, 7, 34

market failure, 116–118, 120

methanation, 233, 240

Middle East and North Africa (MENA), 84–97

Minister for Climate and Energy Policy, 254–255

movement, 50, 266, 307

national hydrogen strategy

Australia, 70–82

France, 234

Germany, 217

New Zealand, 67–70

natural resource, 95, 104

Netherlands, 126, 158–170, 173–187, 245–259, 250, 291–305, 309–310

New Zealand, 201–214, 307, 309

non-pastoral, 76, 79

North Sea, 173–187, 250

Oceania, 65–82, 201–214, 307

offshore, 76, 173–187, 250, 309

offshore hydrogen production, 178–183, 250

offshore hydrogen transport, 183–186, 250

Oman, 85, 88, 90, 93, 96

one-stop shop, 94, 189, 220, 309

owner, 118, 228, 275

ownership, 20, 23, 90, 119, 138, 222, 224, 280

Paris Agreement, 13, 277

participation. See public participation

pastoral lease, 75–82, 307

path, 13, 44, 50–51, 69, 84

permit, 40–41, 105–106, 201–214, 217–232, 270–274

building, 190, 192

pipeline, 40–44, 123, 183–186, 218–229, 240–242, 247–249, 253–256, 309

plan approval, 220–223, 225–227

planning approval decision, 220–221

policy, 13, 33–37, 47–63, 67–72, 131–133, 135–141, 145, 155, 160, 164–170, 208, 218, 268–269, 292–297, 307

politics, 302

power, 34–35, 52, 101, 178, 280

power purchase agreement, 110, 177

power-to-gas, 175–177, 244, 272, 279

pricing, 91–93, 95, See also tariffs

private investments, 5, 36–37, 90, 307, See also investment

private parties, 90, 150, 164, 296

procedural, 212, 221, 225–227, 309

procurement, 110, 140, 275, 308

profit, 15, 37, 97, 117, 120, 166, 252

proportion, 22, 71, 204, 285

proportionality, 225

public participation, 145, 158–170, 209, 221, 230, 268, 308

public participation procedure, 158–170, 222

public–private, 90, 249

Puglia, 131–135, 138–140

Qatar, 84, 86–87, 90

Queensland, 75

rail, 7, 34, 134, 138, 238–240, 273

rationale, 6, 22, 278, 303

raw materials, 104

RED III, 142–144, 149–156, 265, 283, 287

reform, 33, 99–106, 121, See also conversion, See also steam reforming

regional planning, 219–222

regions, 70, 75, 129–144, 207–208, 308

regulating, 67, 201–214, 225–229

regulatory approach, 22, 25, 61, 66, 70–71, 78, 235

regulatory failure, 119–120

regulatory holidays, 20–22, 28

regulatory reform, 40–41, 71, 95, 211–214, 294

reliable, 100, 147

Renewable Energy Directive. See RED III

renewable energy source, 15, 53–54, 59, 132, 175, 210, 236, 277, 300

repurposing, 26, 87, 183, 187, 225–229, 231

research, 35–36, 100, 311

resource consent. See consenting

Resource Management Act, 206–213

reusing. See repurposing

revolution, 86–88

road, 7, 134, 138, 238–240, 273, 310

roll-out, 1, 20, 255

rural, 75, 136

safety, 44–45, 50–60, 88, 105, 134, 138, 185, 201, 241, 280, 306, 310

salt cavern, 124–125, 165–170, 229–231, 288

Saudi Arabia, 86, 90, 96

security of supply, 28, 122

self-consumption, 236, 275

self-generated, 55

self-sufficient, 233, 308

shipping, 100, 134, 238–240, 268, 273

small-scale, 62, 272

social, 70, 89, 118, 308

social rights. See human rights

social sustainability, 145–146, 151–152

society, 266–267

socio-economic, 75, 94, 140, 306

soil, 147–150, 194

solar, 17, 47, 98, 142

solution, 21, 84, 120, 124, 154, 182, 202, 259, 270, 278, 293, 310

South Australia, 74, 78–82

Southeast Asia, 98–111, 308

state aid, 252, 285–287

steam reforming, 98–111, 233, 236, 308

storage, 102–103, 124–125, 165–170, 205, 229–232, 249–250, 256–259, 273–274, 277–290, 309–310

strategy, 16, 30–35, 49–50, 67, 70–82, 91, 102, 158, 167, 178, 217, 234, 263, 281, 295

subsidisation, 26–27, 109

sustainability, 142–156, 197, 308

sustainable development, 144–147, 150

tank, 51, 124, 134, 243, 278

tariffs, 117, 120, 253, 257, 273

tax credits, 31, 36–37, 97

tax incentive, 36–37

technology, 19, 31, 70, 86, 89, 175–177, 236, 270, 272, 279–281, 308

Ten Year Network Development Plan (TYNDP), 268, 275

TEN-E Regulation, 268

Thai. See Thailand

Thailand, 106–111

theoretical, 116–118, 266–267

Trans-European Network for Energy (TEN-E), 268, 273–274

Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T), 268–270, 273–274

transmission system operator, 27, 134, 138, 242, 247

transparency, 21, 25, 27, 35, 117–118

transparent, 147

transport, 309–310

Treaty on European Union, 160

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, 160

trend, 84–97, 146, 235

uncertainty, 30, 134, 193, 212–213, 255, 292, 307

United Arab Emirates (UAE), 88–89, 96

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, 87

United States, 30–45, 90

usage, 57, 69, 104, 117, 123, 132, 137–138, 274, 293

utilisation, 98, 265

value chain, 270–275

waste, 62, 99, 130

water, 52–54, 62, 65–66, 77, 99, 108, 121–122, 148, 150, 175, 189–199, 206–211, 272, 308

Werner Franz, 1, 306

Western Australia, 74–78

Western Europe, 240, See also France, Germany, Netherlands

wholesale market, 125–126

wind, 17, 47, 79, 98, 142, 174

World Trade Organization, 152

zoning, 194

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