Index

Elizabeth T. Hurren

Index

Please note that page numbers in italics direct the reader to images.

air pollution, 103–109, 268–269

Clean Air Act (1952), 268

Clean Air Act (1956), 107, 141, 146

Control of Pollution Act (1974), 163

Great Fog (1952), 104–108, 121

smog, 13, 141, 143, 268

Alcock, Graham, 165–167, 171

anatomy

anatomical waste. see bodies, body parts

Anatomy (HM Inspectorate of Anatomy), 131

Anatomy Office (HM Inspectorate of Anatomy), 65, 78, 85, 183–185, 196

Metters, Jeremy, 64–65, 229–231

‘business’ of. 161–162 see also bodies, body brokers and dealers

Cunningham’s Manual on Practical Anatomy, 84

dissection. see dissection and organ retention

history of, 264

International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (FAA), 4

teaching of, 3–8, 37, 50–55, 79, 84–96, 90, 92, 118, 122, 130, 133, 134, 159, 188, 258

Trans-European Pedagogic Anatomical Research Group (TEPARC), 4

Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 30, 144, 217

Ashley MP, Jack, 176

Automobile Association, the, 106

autopsies. see pathology and pathologists, autopsies

Barouch, Marianne, 89–93, 101, 143

Bassford, H.A., 57

Belgium, 181

Belkin, George, 66

bioethics. see biomedicine, medical ethics

biomedicine, 13, 259

medical ethics. 30, 58–59, 66–67, 96, 127, 151, 197, 254–257 see also bodies, body ethics

National Ethics Trust (NET), 266–267

Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 262

President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioural Research, 215

modern conceptions of, 3

progress in, 4–6, 12, 14, 20, 24, 39

biosecurity, 8

Blond, Antony, 72

bodies

bio-commons, 32–34, 42, 96, 103, 144, 151, 185, 187–189, 209, 253, 260

body brokers and dealers, 27–28, 62, 79, 105, 120, 181

Hogg, Robert, 123–127, 130

body data, 8, 143, 262

body disputes. 10, 15, 30, 35, 38, 40, 59, 142, 151, 152, 160, 165, 173–181, 185, 191, 193, 196, 205–211, 215–219, 226, 227–229, 245, 253–257 see also NHS, scandals

body ethics. 3, 23, 39, 43, 115–117, 151, 245 see also biomedicine, medical ethics

body parts. 4, 6–9, 12, 13, 20–21, 27, 32–34, 59, 93, 103–104, 108, 114, 115–118, 174–178, 186, 210, 253 see also body, the

‘clinical waste’. see bodies, body parts

donation of, 7, 13, 23–25, 29, 33–35, 34, 59, 104–107, 114–115, 127, 131–144, 132, 133, 134, 135, 150–151, 158–160, 183, 253, 260, 266–267

anonymous, 151, 172, 175–179

best practice, 4

implied consent, 205–207, 230–234

informed consent, 226

female, 13, 104, 132–137, 135, 141, 144, 266

grave-robbing. see burial, grave-robbing

integrity of, 7, 23, 49, 65, 126, 152, 163, 205, 227, 238

legal ownership of, 7–8, 20, 32, 39, 49–55, 52, 60, 72, 151, 174, 234, 266

poor, 24–28, 50–51, 72, 77, 79, 86, 88, 103, 118, 121, 123

taboos, 49

unclaimed, 5–7, 16, 77, 83

body, the

bladder, 86

blood, 26, 55, 191

bone, 26, 55, 215

brain, 10, 15, 20–23, 33, 38, 59, 116, 138, 154, 191, 206–224, 235–244, 257

Ad Hoc Committee on Brain Death (AHCBD), 214–215

brain accumulation, 206, 219, 230

brain banking, 14, 63–67, 206, 210–211, 221–226, 230

brain collection, 206, 211, 222, 230

brain damage, 20

brain death, 9, 29, 173, 212–215, 246, 265

brain retention, 197, 242

brain-stem, 213–214

Cambridge Brain Bank, 221–226, 224

polluted, 268

research. see neuroscience

ears, 212, 214, 257

eyes, 21, 22, 25, 56–57, 173, 182, 212, 214, 238

Corneal Grafting Act (1952), 56

gut, 86, 123

hair, 27

hands, 93

heart, 21, 26, 27, 36–38, 71–72, 80–81, 86, 122–124, 138–141, 154, 183, 206, 211–217

British Heart Foundation, 170

ceasing to function. see death, definitions of

heart attack, 71, 80, 105, 130, 237

monitors, 257

National Heart Research Fund, 170, 178

transplant, 165–187

transplants, 13, 33

kidneys, 38, 87, 216

transplants, 13, 25, 27, 165, 169–173, 175, 179, 180–182, 201, 206, 214

liver, 76, 86, 205

transplants, 25, 179, 182, 214

lungs, 86, 105–106, 123, 206, 211–215

asbestosis, 36–39

bronchitis, 115

ceasing to function. see death, definitions of

COPD, 141

emphysema, 115

pneumonia, 106–109, 115, 242

transplants, 182

lungs. 268–269see also air pollution

pancreas, 257

pregnancy, 41, 71, 162

skin, 25

skull, 26, 258

spine, 238, 257

spleen, 86

stomach, 205

tattoos, 93

teeth, 27

Boston, Anne, 72

Brazier, Professor Margaret, 60

burial, 49, 81, 112, 123–127, 130, 145, 153–157, 205–211, 227, 255

burial clubs, 120

Burial Laws Amendment Act (1880), 163

common, 130, 157

cremation. see cremation

delayed, 115, 238

grave-robbing, 50, 71

Hogg, Robert, 146

mass graves, 5

religious traditions related to

body, integrity of. see bodies, integrity of

Catholic, 77, 81, 208

Orthodox Jewish, 65, 195, 227–229, 232–234

undertakers, 38, 125

weight at, 77–81, 84, 269

Cairney, Scott, 26–28, 181

Callow, Michael, 30–31, 78

Catholicism. see burial, religious traditions related to

CD, 122–127, 143

Cheevers, Hannah, 210, 237–238

Chesteron, G. K., 145

Cheung, Philip, 239

‘clinical waste’. see bodies, body parts

coroners, 12–13, 20–25, 33, 107, 111–114, 131

Broderick Report (1971), 189

Charman, Michael, 167–173

Chief Coroner, 191–197

complaints against, 195

Coroners (Amendment) Act (1926), 51

Coroners and Criminal Justice Act (2009), 192, 235

Coroners’ Rules, 37, 163, 231

Coroners’ Society for England and Wales (CSE&W), 174, 189

Coroners’ Statistics Annual Report, 193

Coronial Office, the, 8, 51–54, 67, 138, 144, 151–185, 189–191, 196–197, 205

flaws of, 151, 152

coronial reports, 188

Criminal Procedure and Investigation Act (1996), 236

iconography of, 154, 155

inquests, 73, 81

juries, 153, 155

Lucre Report (2003), 189

necropsies. see dissection and organ retention, autopsies

Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984), 235

post mortems ordered by. 8, 194, 224 see also dissection and organ retention, post-mortems

qualifications of, 9, 37, 138, 152–154, 167, 179

Tibbits, Dr H. Stephen, 20

Wain, John, 166–167

Coyle, Bill, 9

Craigie, Mrs Pearl Mary Teresa, 73–85, 74, 113

cremation, 72, 81, 126, 146, 159–160, 163, 183–187, 196, 208, 269

Crichton, Michael, 73, 88–89, 94

cryonics, 255–258

Alcor Life Extension Foundation (ALCOR), 255–256

Cryonic Institute, the, 256

Cryonics UK, 256

JS, High Court case of, involving ALCOR, 255–256

transhumanism, 255–257

Culshaw, John, 205–211, 223, 229

family of, 207–211, 235, 239, 241, 244

Dayell MP, Tam, 176

death, 154

Ad Hoc Committee on Brain Death (AHCBD), 214–215

autopsies. see dissection and organ retention, autopsies

bereavement, 71, 150, 210, 239, 261

Charter for the Bereaved, 192

Births and Deaths Registration Act (1953), 54

brain death. see body, the, brain, brain death

burial. see burial

by dangerous driving, 169–171, 173–174, 206

camps, 57

certification of, 54, 111–112, 112, 122, 138, 152, 160, 182, 187, 190, 203, 261, 268

cot (sudden infant death syndrome), 200, 232, 237

cremation. see cremation

cryonics. see cryonics

cultures of, 9, 23, 187

declaration of, 9

definitions of, 9–11, 29, 54, 196, 206, 211–218, 231, 255, 264–266

drowning, 153

euthanasia, 4, 158, 196, 198

execution, 50, 213, 218, 219, 265

grave-robbing, 50

legal, 213, 255

manslaughter, 238

medical, 211–218, 226, 247, 255, 264–266

morticians, 227

murder, 49–50, 152, 205–208, 213, 228, 235, 265

Murder Act (1752), 49, 67, 213, 265

Murder Manual, the, 236

Shipman, Dr Harold, 26

National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD), 152, 188–192

near death experience (NDE), 212

peri-mortem, 265

post mortems. see dissection and organ retention, post-mortems

Registrars of Death, 190

social, 213

stillbirth, 54, 163

Registration of Stillbirths Act (1926), 54

suicide, 20–23, 36–39, 62, 65, 81, 96, 150–153, 158–160, 166, 193–196, 198, 224, 226–229

Suicide Act (1961), 158

suicide watch, 164

time of, 213

Uniform Determination of the Death Act (1981) (UDDA), 215

unnatural, 152, 164, 168, 227, 235

Dickens, Charles, 144

Dickenson, Donna, 29

disability, 110, 117, 176

dissection and organ retention, 5, 49–50, 74, 104, 108, 119, 123, 125, 132, 133, 134, 135, 156, 219, 225, 258

autopsies, 75, 81, 86, 122, 153, 188–191

consent to, 5, 9, 11, 60–64, 73, 75, 85, 87, 103, 122

body bequests. see bodies, donation of

implied, 115, 119, 124, 130, 131, 138

informed, 115, 126

dissection rooms, 12–13, 26–33, 37, 83–95, 90, 91, 114, 115–123

formaldehyde, 83, 111, 153–156

Human Tissue Authority. see Human Tissue Authority, the

of criminals, 213

post-mortems, 11, 22, 28, 37, 51–54, 75, 79, 80–81, 111, 122, 130, 168, 193, 194, 227, 235–238

definitions of, 190

scandals. see NHS, scandals

support groups, 239

to the extremities, 9

doctors and medical researchers, 22

Association of Anaesthetists and Surgeons, 189

Beasley, Dr H. E., 110

Bernard, Dr Christian, 180

Blakemore, Prof. Colin, 218

British Medical Association (BMA), 112, 165, 173–175, 202, 272

Cave, Prof. James, 114

Constandinou, Dr Tim, 258

Corsellis, Prof. John (Nick), 221

Crichton, Michael. see Crichton, Michael

Deaking, Prof., 65

English, Mr. David, 169

English, Sir. Terence, 177

Esiri, Prof. Margaret, 222

Harrison, Dr Richard, 73, 82–85, 89, 94, 117, 120

Hippocratic Oath, 57, 154, 180, 265

Holland, Dr Sydney, 74–83

Howard MRCS, Edwin, 77

Ironside, Prof. James, 231

Lechler, Prof. Sir Robert, 63

Lee, Bruce, 219

Lucas, Prof. Sebastian, 232

Mann, Prof. David, 221

Medical Defence Union, the, 173

Meredith, Dr Leslie, 81

Miller, Jonathan. see Miller, Jonathan

Morgan, Prof. Bruno, 234

Neville-Smith, Dr, 62

Parnia, Prof. Sam, 211–212, 217–218, 265

pathologists. see pathology and pathologists

Quill, Dr Caroline M., 215

Reynolds, Dr Gavin, 221

Riley, Dr David, 169, 170

Rosenburg, Dr, 227–229

Royal College of Physicians, 21, 22

Royal College of Surgeons, 57

Royal Society of Medicine (RSM), 43–44, 262

Scheimberg, Irene, 233

Shipman, Dr Harold, 26

Thomas, Dr George Danford, 81

Thomson, Professor Arthur, 56

van Velzen, Prof. Dick, 56, 163

White, Dr Douglas, 216

Donaldson, Sir Liam (later Lord), 43, 61, 66, 160, 272

Douglas, Heather, 5

EF, 126–127, 141, 143

ethics, body. see bodies, body ethics

ethics, medical. see biomedicine, medical ethics

Evans, Alfie, 267

Farr MP, John, 175–177

financial matters, 81, 142

bankruptcy, 21

financial constraints, 185–187, 192

financial independence, 76

financial insecurity, 71

fundraising, 78, 200

grave-robbing, 50

Inland Revenue, the, 21

organs, selling of. see bodies, body brokers and dealers

petty cash, 114, 120

poverty. see bodies, poor

recession, 192

taxation and taxpayers, 196

Flinn, Andrew, 95, 209

fog. see air pollution

forensic science. see pathology and pathologists

Franklin, Ryan, 238

family of, 238

Freedom of Science movement, the, 5

Galton, Melanie, 237–238

Gard, Charlie, 267

Glenday, John, 42

Gorer, Geoffrey, 124

Halewood, Peter, 143

Harari, Yuval Noah, 257, 262, 264

Hassard, John, 31

Hayden, Margaret, 215

health and safety standards, 165

healthcare

abortion, 162

ambulances, 106–110, 146, 164, 169, 256

antibiotics, 3, 109, 128

BMA. see doctors and medical researchers, British Medical Association

charities and other funding bodies

Medical Research Council (MRC), 55–56, 61

National Heart Research Fund, 170, 178

Robinson Charitable Trust, the, 170

Wellcome Trust, the, 44, 221

Farrar, Sir Jeremy, 44–45

chemotherapy. 15 see also illness, cancer

CT scanning, 234

Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS), 165, 171, 183, 184, 196

doctors. see doctors and medical researchers

globalisation of, 7

hospitals. see hospitals and medical schools

illness. see illness

inequalities, 3

Intensive Care Units (ICU), 265

life, prolonging of, 10

National Patient Safety Agency, 152, 188

NHS, the. see National Health Service (NHS)

Pituitary Gland Programme, 55–56

public trust in, 7, 11, 12–14, 30, 35, 38, 64, 77, 88

research organisations

Huntingdon Research Centre, 170

medical schools. see hospitals and medical schools

resuscitation (CPR), 216

scandals. see NHS, scandals

transplants, 3, 6, 8, 13, 24–32, 35, 40, 60–63, 131, 158, 165–182, 255

anonymity of, 167

heart. see body, the, heart

kidneys. see body, the, kidneys

lungs. see body, the, lungs

Organ Donation Register (ODR), 136, 266

organ donor cards, 165–166, 169, 170, 171, 173–175, 195, 206

rejection of, 180

‘transplant fever’, 179

vaccination, resistance to, 4

World Medical Association, 57–58

x-rays, 109, 116

Heath, Edward, 60

Hippocrates. 270 see also doctors and medical researchers, Hippocratic Oath

Hitchens, Christopher, 15–16

hospices and care homes, 13, 129

Saunders, Cicely, 129

hospitals and medical schools, 12–13, 50, 93, 253, 256

Addenbrooke’s, 70, 223

Alder Hey. see NHS, scandals, Alder Hey

asylums, 24, 50, 64, 119, 127–128

Banstead Hospital (Banstead Asylum, Banstead Mental Hospital), 127–128, 147

Bristol Royal Infirmary. see NHS, scandals, Bristol Royal Infirmary

Central Manchester, 70

Great Ormond Street, 109

Guy’s (later part of King’s College), 125, 131, 146, 217, 232

Harefield, 165

Harperbury, 107–113, 114, 117, 145

Hill End, 108–110

Islington Infirmary, 156

Leavesdon, 130

Leicester Royal Infirmary, 62, 169, 171–172

London, 74, 77–80, 83, 232

Manchester, 186

May Day (Croydon University Hospital, Croydon Union Infirmary, University College Hospital), 125

mental. see hospitals and medical schools, asylums

Papworth, 169–173, 177–180

Poole, 238

Prestwich, 222, 227–230

Queen Mary’s, 162

Queen Victoria, 57

Royal Liverpool University, 158

Runwell, 221

Salford (Hope), 70

South Manchester, 70

Southampton, 211, 235–243

St Bartholomew’s, 13, 37–39, 79–83, 91, 92, 104, 108–111, 114–130, 119, 123, 125, 141–142, 145, 155, 156

St George’s, 185

St Thomas’s (later part of King’s College), 131, 217, 232

Stony Brook University, 217

UMDS (later part of King’s College), 185, 186

University College Hospital London, 86

Whitechapel Infirmary, 130

Human Tissue Authority, the, 26, 34, 44, 235–237, 256

IGH, 127–129, 129, 141

IJ, 129–130, 141, 143

illness, 139

alcoholism, 201

asthma, 164

blindness, 22

bronchitis, 106, 115

cancer, 3, 8, 15, 41, 67, 94, 127–130, 140, 159, 166, 196, 216, 219, 255

bone, 138

breast, 138

chemotherapy, 242

lung, 39, 82

myeloid leukaemia, 242

cardiovascular, 122–124, 130, 141

cholera, 153

classification of, 137, 139, 140

COPD, 141

cystic fibrosis, 110

deafness, 22

diabetes, 138

diphtheria, 153

Down’s syndrome, 110

dysentery, 128

emphysema, 115

epilepsy, 117, 128, 191

Growth Hormone Deficiency, 55–56

HIV, 123

Huntingdon’s disease, 70, 221, 223, 230

infertility, 10

influenza, 106

leprosy, 41

mental, 21, 62, 110–111, 117, 127–128, 221–222, 226–229, 240

Alzheimer’s disease, 65, 230, 258, 268

bipolar affective disorder, 167

CJD, better known as Creutzfeldt-Jacob’s disease, 230

dementia, 221, 268

depression, 36, 38

pandemics, 4, 5, 106, 142, 254, 261, 270

Parkinson’s disease, 257

pneumonia, 106–109, 115, 242

Proteus syndrome, 82

tuberculosis (TB, phthisis, consumption), 123–124, 128–129, 156

typhoid, 128

venereal, 128

von Falkenhausen’s disease, 72

Independent Press Standards Organisation, 201

information state, the. 12, 51, 104 see also bodies, body data

Innes, Joanna, 161

inquests. see coroners

Isaacs Report, the, 63–66, 221, 225, 226–230, 234

Isaacs, Cyril, 206, 226–230

family of, 226–229, 234, 239, 244

Jacob, Marie-Andree, 38, 61, 63, 259

Jones, Gareth, 5

Jones, Herbert, 150, 158–160, 164, 196

Judaism. see burial, religious traditions related to; bodies, integrity of

KL, 130, 143

Koenig, Rhoda, 41–43

Lansley MP, Andrew, 43

Laqueur, Thomas, 6, 7, 187

Latour, Bruno, 30–31, 78

Law, John, 30–31, 78

legal matters, 3

Anatomy Act (1832), 25, 30, 50, 54–62, 66, 78, 113–114, 120–121, 161–162

Anatomy Act (1984), 57

Anatomy Regulations Act (1988), 62

balance of probability, 153, 159, 197

Births and Deaths Registration Act (1953), 54

bodies, legal ownership of. see bodies, legal ownership of

Burial Laws Amendment Act (1880), 163

Clean Air Act (1952), 268

Clean Air Act (1956), 107, 141, 146

Control of Pollution Act (1974), 163

Corneal Grafting Act (1952), 56

Coroners (Amendment) Act (1926), 51, 113

Coroners and Criminal Justice Act (2009), 192, 235

Cremations Act (1952), 163

Criminal Procedure and Investigation Act (1996), 236

Environmental Protection Act (1990), 163

Freedom of Information Act (2000), 243

Hargrove, Bernard, 173

Human Organ Transplant Act (1989), 57, 61–63

Human Tissue Act (1961), 32, 57–63, 161–164, 171–176

Human Tissue Act (1969), 231

Human Tissue Act (1984), 32, 61–64, 131, 161–164, 184

Human Tissue Act (2004), 4, 7, 11, 14, 26, 33, 42–44, 50–54, 56, 63–67, 75, 85, 115, 131, 144, 160–161, 164, 183–184, 187–190, 188, 193–196, 205–208, 223, 231–236, 254, 262

Human Tissue Authority. see Human Tissue Authority, the

international, 27, 142, 151

Declaration of Geneva (1948), 58

Declaration of Helsinki (1960/1), 58–59

Nuremberg Code (1947), 58

legal aid, 267

legal death, 213

legal precedent, 151

lex talionis, 50

Local Government Act (1894), 51

Medical Act (1858), 118

Mental Deficiency Act (1913), 110

Murder Act (1752), 30, 49, 67, 121, 213, 265

National Health Service and Community Care Act (1990), 189

New Poor Law (1834). 26, 50, 104, 105, 114, 119–121, 124, 127, 141, 258 see also bodies, poor

Old Poor Law (1601), 142

Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984), 235

qui tacet consentire videtur, 142

Registration of Stillbirths Act (1926), 54

Res Nullius, 49–50, 111, 160, 170

Suicide Act (1961), 158

Third Reform Act (1884), 51

Uniform Determination of the Death Act (1981) (UDDA), 215

Lock, Margaret, 29, 32

Luff, Sarah, 242

Luff, Sean, 242

media intrusion, 169, 172–173, 175–177, 181

Milburn MP, Alan, 229, 232

Miller, Jonathan, 73, 85–89, 94

MN, 130, 143

Moore, Dr R. W., 106

Morris, Carol, 151, 159, 167–182, 196–197

family of, 172–181

Mrs Craigie’s Complaint. see Craigie, Mrs Pearl Mary Teresa

National Health Service (NHS), 7–10, 24–26, 36, 40–45, 55–57, 63–66, 103–105, 124–128, 131–141, 160–169, 178–185, 231–233, 258–260, 269

creation of, 82

National Health Service and Community Care Act (1990), 189

NHS2020, 136, 266

ODR2020, 266

scandals, 3, 7–11, 32–36, 43, 134, 160, 186

Alder Hey, 7–9, 26, 35, 55–56, 66, 103, 163, 208, 222, 231–233, 236–238, 244

brain retention, 15

Bristol Royal Infirmary, heart surgery, 26, 66, 232

grave-robbing, 50

Isaacs. see Isaacs Report

medical negligence, 183

Shipman, Dr Harold, 26

thalidomide (thalomid, Contergan), 41

Netherlands, the, 182

neuroscience, 14, 20, 25, 38, 206, 214, 218–223, 240–244

Allen Institute for Brain Research, 219

brain banking. see body, the, brain, brain banking

Brain Research Advancing Innovative Neuro-technologies (BRAIN), 218

Brain Research Trust, the, 218

Cambridge Brain Bank, 221–226, 224, 225

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), 219–220

Next Generation Neural Interfaces (NGNI) laboratory (Imperial College), 258

newspapers and periodicals, 85

Academy Magazine, 76

British Medical Journal, the (BMJ), 41, 56, 62, 65, 109–113, 146, 167, 171

Criminal Law and Justice Weekly, 195

Daily Mail, the, 8, 20–22, 74, 77–83, 150, 172

Daily Telegraph, the, 106–107, 256

Evening News, the, 172

Evening Standard, the, 162

Forbes magazine, 219

Guardian, the, 173, 177, 178–179, 234, 268

Hansard, 176

Household Words, 144

Independent on Sunday, 40

Independent Press Standards Organisation, 201

Journal of Medical Ethics, 60

Journal of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, the, 219

Lancet, the, 23, 41, 124, 154, 198, 234

Leicester Mercury, the, 173

Listener magazine, 76, 160

London Review, 74

Mail on Sunday, 195

Manchester Evening News, the, 207–209

media intrusion, 169, 172–173, 175–177, 181

National Geographic, 211, 218

Nature, 63

New Scientist, 176

Observer, the, 179

Press Complaints Commission, 201

Press Council, the, 172, 177

Punch, 118

Science, 239, 268

Science Alert, 220

Society for Women Journalists, 74

Stoke Sentinel, the, 166

Sun, the, 237

Sutton and Croydon Guardian, the, 126

Times, the, 63, 104–106, 162–166, 257

Vogue, 85

Woman’s Herald, The, 98

Women’s Penny Paper, The, 98

Yellow Book, the, 76

Noble, Denis, 263

Nyhan, Julianne, 95, 209

Obama, President Barack, 218

Olney, Nigel, 169–170, 177–179, 180

Onslow MP, Cranley, 60

OP, 130, 141, 143

oral history, 96, 209–210, 226, 231–233, 239, 241, 269

organ donation. see healthcare, transplants

Parris, Matthew, 257

Parry, Bronwyn, 32

Partridge, Lytton Burgo, 71–73

family of, 71–73, 150

pathology and pathologists, 3, 8, 12–14, 20–25, 33, 51, 157, 168–171, 179, 190–197, 205, 209, 225, 235–236, 239, 243

Armstrong, Sue, 231

autopsies, 195

quality of, 190, 196

Farrand, Dr R. J., 227

Levison, Prof. David, 232

National Police Improvement Agency, the (Home Office Pathology Unit), 236

Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 231

pay of, 113

Royal College of Pathologists (RCP), 161, 189, 233–235

Simpson, Keith, 160

Petrarch, 251

Pitman, Alexander, 192

police, 22, 138, 150, 159, 167, 174, 192, 197, 210, 227

Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO), 235–244

Criminal Procedure and Investigation Act (1996), 236

Dorset, 242

Greater Manchester Police (GMP), 205–208, 229, 239, 243

Murder Manual, the, 236

National Gold Group, the, 236

National Police Improvement Agency, the (Home Office Pathology Unit), 236

Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984), 235

Robert Bruce-Chwatt, 162

Portelli, Alessandro, 95, 210, 233, 239

Press Complaints Commission, 201

Press Council, the, 172, 177

prison, 24, 127, 148, 164, 177

Red Markets. see anatomy, ‘business’ of; bodies, body brokers and dealers

Reddy, William, 210

Redfern report, 66, 160

Research Defence Society, the, 78

Richards, John Morgan, 76

Richardson, Ruth, 25–26, 30, 65

Roberts, Paul, 243

Royal Society, The, 257

Salvation Army Hostels, 130

Santayana, George, 6, 258

Scott, Michael Lee, 31–32

Sellick, Robin, 273

Smith, William, 156

smog. see air pollution

Snow MP, Julian, 60

Society for Women Journalists, 74

Sohl, P., 57

South Africa, 180

Steiner, George, 40–41, 217, 241

TAB, 107–117, 108, 112, 116, 121–123, 129, 141, 143

Thatcher, Margaret, 61, 165, 183, 184

Thompson, Edward, 144

Thompson, Paul, 94, 209

transportation. 213 see also prison

Turpin, Randolph Adolphus, 20–24, 30, 35

United Nations (UN), 57–58, 142

universities. see hospitals and medical schools

vivisection, 78, 154, 239, 265

Waddington, Keir, 118

Wells, Reginald, 150

Whittall, Hugh, 43, 262

Wilson, Harold, 60

Winston, Lord Robert, 10–11

women. see bodies, female

Women’s Voluntary Service, 57

Wood MP, Sir Kingsley, 110

workhouses, 24, 50, 79, 83, 86, 105, 114, 119, 122

Zimmer, Carl, 218

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