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Adaptation to different temperatures results in wing size divergence of the invading species Drosophila nasuta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2024

Vinícius Alcântara Carvalho Lima Santos Open the ORCID record for Vinícius Alcântara Carvalho Lima Santos [Opens in a new window] ,
Ana Cristina Lauer Garcia Open the ORCID record for Ana Cristina Lauer Garcia [Opens in a new window]  and
Martín Alejandro Montes Open the ORCID record for Martín Alejandro Montes [Opens in a new window]
Vinícius Alcântara Carvalho Lima Santos
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Campus Dois Irmãos, Departamento de Biologia, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Ana Cristina Lauer Garcia*
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
Martín Alejandro Montes*
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Campus Dois Irmãos, Departamento de Biologia, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
*
Corresponding author: Ana Cristina Lauer Garcia; Email: anacristina.garcia@ufpe.br; Martín Alejandro Montes; Email: martin.montes@ufrpe.br
Corresponding author: Ana Cristina Lauer Garcia; Email: anacristina.garcia@ufpe.br; Martín Alejandro Montes; Email: martin.montes@ufrpe.br
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Abstract

Invasive species threaten biodiversity on a global scale. The success of invasions depends on the species' adaptation to the different environmental conditions of new territories. Studies show that invasive insects present evolutionary changes in wing morphology in areas they are introduced to in response to abiotic conditions. In the last decade, the Asian Drosophila nasuta fly invaded and spread widely throughout Brazil. This insect has preferences for conserved environments and is related to the likely reduction in the abundance of native drosophilids in the Atlantic Forest. Ecological niche modelling analyses showed that rainfall and temperature are the main factors which delimit the geographic distribution of this species. Herein, we verified the existence of significant differences in the wing sizes of D. nasuta in Brazil and evaluated the influence of abiotic factors (rainfall and temperature) on the observed patterns. We conducted 11 measurements on the right-side wings of 240 D. nasuta males collected in the Amazon Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. Statistical analyses revealed the existence of two groups: one with larger wings, which brought together samples from locations with the lowest temperatures; and one with smaller wings, which corresponded to places with a hotter climate. One explanation for this result is the fact that large wings favour greater heat capture by flies in colder climates, increasing their survival chances in these environments. These rapid evolutionary changes in D. nasuta in this first decade of invasion in Brazil reveal the enormous adaptive potential of this species in this megadiverse country.

Keywords

abiotic factorsBrazilian biomesexotic speciesinsectsmicroevolutionmorphometry
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 114 , Issue 6 , December 2024 , pp. 756 - 762
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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