International Law — Relation to Municipal Law — Duty under Municipal Law Allegedly Incompatible with International Law — Right of Individual to Disobey Municipal Law — Tax Allegedly Levied to Wage Aggressive War — War Crimes — The Law of the United States of America.

Recognition of Acts of Foreign States — Foreign Confiscatory Legislation — Extraterritorial Effect of — Proof of Nationalization — Establishment of Receivership over Assets of Nationalized Company — The Law of the United States of America.

Recognition of Acts of Foreign States — Confiscatory Legislation — Extraterritorial Effect of — Expropriation of Foreign Business Enterprise by Foreign States — Transfer under Duress — Whether Joinder of Expropriating Government Required — The Law of the United States of America.

Conclusiveness of Determination by Executive Department — Limits of — Determination of Property Rights — The Law of the United States of America.

Recognition of Acts of Foreign Governments — Inter-governmental Patent Release — Whether Constituting an International Agreement — Diplomatic Controversy Concerning — Political Question — Adjudication of Rights to Property — The Law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Territorial Limits of — Nationalization of Company Incorporated Abroad — Whether Action on Behalf of Nationalized Company Admissible in Country of Forum — The Law of France.

Recognition of Acts of Foreign States — Foreign Legislation Nationalizing Company Incorporated Abroad — Whether Action on Behalf of Nationalized Company Admissible in Country of Forum — The Law of France.

Jurisdiction — Territorial Limits of — Foreign Confiscatory Legislation — Netherlands Decree Confiscating German Property for Purpose of Reparation — Claim for Return of Property — Paris Agreement of October 23, 1954, on Settlement of Matters Arising out of the Occupation of Germany.

War — Termination of — Fate of Enemy Property — Confiscation of Property for Purpose of Reparation — Paris Agreement of October 23, 1954, on Settlement of Matters arising out of the Occupation of Germany

Recognition of Legislative Acts of Foreign States — Confiscation of Property in Special Circumstances — Confiscation of German Property by Netherlands Legislative Decree for Purpose of Reparation Due from Germany — Right of German Owners to Institute Proceedings for Return of Property — Paris Agreement of October 23, 1954, on Settlement of Matters Arising out of the Occupation of Germany — Competence of German Courts.

Recognition of Acts of Foreign States and Governments — Expropriation Decrees — The Law of Switzerland.

Recognition of Foreign Legislation — Foreign Revenue Laws — Enforceability of — Agreements between Individuals to Evade Foreign Revenue Law — The Law of Luxemburg.

Recognition of Acts of Foreign States — Condemnation of Land — Contract with Government for Use of Airfield — Restrictions by Foreign State on Use of Lands Adjacent to Airport.

Dependent States — The Philippines — Prior to Independence — Relationship to United States — Foreign Country vis-à-vis United States — Vessels Flying Philippine Flag — Exemption from Income Taxation by United States of Earnings of Such Vessels — The Law of the United States of America

Nationality — Acquisition of — Nationality as Affected by Changes of Sovereignty — Natives of Dependent Territories — The Philippines — Status as Affected by Philippine Independence Act — Wake Island — The Law of the United States of America.

Naturalization — Requirement of Continuous Residence Therefor — Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands — Whether “Residence in the United States”.

Composite and Dependent States and Territories — Trust Territories — Status of — Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands — Residence in — Whether “Residence in the United States” for Purposes of Naturalization — The Law of the United States of America

United Nations — General Assembly — Powers of — Supervision of Mandates System.

Mandates — Supervision of — Oral Hearings — Practice of League of Nations — Mandate for South-West Africa — Continuance of Supervision by United Nations — Advisory Opinion of July 11, 1950, on Status of South-West Africa — Interpretation of — Refusal of South Africa to Submit Annual Reports — Right of Petition under League of Nations — Residuary Powers of Council of League of Nations — Functions of General Assembly of United Nations — Effectiveness of System of Supervision

War — Definition of — War Risks Clause in Charterparty — Whether Limited to Risks Involving Exercise of Belligerent Rights — Hostilities Conducted by Unrecognized Government — Cargo Discharged by “Government in Formosa”.

Recognition — Unrecognized Government — Whether a “Government” for Purposes of Construing a Commercial Document — Charterparty — War Risk Clause — Cargo Discharged by Orders of Government in Formosa — Absence of Recognition by British Foreign Office of Government in Formosa — Whether Foreign Office Statement Conclusive on the Court

State Succession — With Regard to Concessions — Effect of Treaty Provision — Division of Rights and Obligations under Concession — Right of Successor State to Predecessor State’s Portion of Profits

State Responsibility — For Interference with Concessionary Contracts — Expenditure on Contract Rendered Abortive by Insistence on Unacceptable Conditions — Sharing of Responsibility.

State Responsibility — For Interference with Concessionary Contracts — Derogation from Lighthouses Concession — Grant of Exemption from Dues to Steamship Company.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles and Rules of — Interpretation by Reference to “Bad Drafting” — Article 59 of Statute of Permanent Court of International Justice

Treaties — Interpretation of — Consideration of Preparatory Work — Article 59 of Statute of Permanent Court of International Justice

Treaties — Interpretation of — Miscellaneous — Binding Force of Previous Judgment in Lis Concerning Interpretation of Treaty

Arbitration — Law Applied by Arbitral Tribunals — Previous Decisions of Permanent Court of International Justice Regarded as Res judicata — Article 59 of Statute of the Court — Article 84 of Hague Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, 1907 — Relevance of Distinct Nature of Lis — Relevance of Differing Basis of Previous Judgment — Relevance of Terms of Compromis Leading to Previous Judgment.

Permanent Court of International Justice — Decisions of, Regarded as Res Judicata — Article 59 of Statute of the Court — Relevance of Distinct Nature of Lis — Relevance of Differing Basis of Previous Judgment — Relevance of Terms of Compromis Leading to Previous Judgment.

State Succession — Succession with Regard to Contractual Obligations and Concessions — Responsibility for Expenditure on Contract Rendered Abortive by Act of Predecessor — Contributory Negligence of Claimant — Relevance of Question Whether Debt Admitted, Liquidated or Easily Ascertainable — Responsibility for Breach by Predecessor of Concession Contract — Relevance of Privity of Successor State — Merger of Crete and Greece — Critical Date — General Question of Transmission of Responsibility on Territorial Change — Arbitration — Previous Decisions of Permanent Court of International Justice Regarded as Res judicata — Article 59 of Statute of the Court — Article 84 of Hague Convention for Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, 1907 — Relevance of Distinct Nature of Lis — Relevance of Differing Basis of Previous Judgment — Relevance of Terms of Compromis Leading to Previous Judgment

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles and Rules of — Intention of the Parties

Treaties — Interpretation of — Reference to Preparatory Work

State Succession — With Regard to Concessions — Succession to Rights Under Concessionary Contract Subject to Assignment by Predecessor State of Share of Revenue — Treaty of Lausanne, 1923 — Keeping Alive of Turkish Loans — Effect on Lighthouses Concession — Interpretation of Treaties — Intention of the Parties — Preparatory Work.

State Succession — With Regard to Concessions — Seizure by Successor State of Lighthouses Subject of Concession Granted by Predecessor State — Claim for Operating Costs — Assessment of Claim — Relevance of Amount Actually Spent.

States — Establishment of — India — Former Indian States.

State Succession — Succession to Obligations — Respect for Private Rights — “Act of State” — Whether Available against Citizens — Former Indian States — Merger with Dominion (Union) of India — Change of Sovereignty — Impact on Private Rights — The Republican Constitution of India.

State Succession — Succession with Regard to Contractual and Other Obligations — On Cession by Treaty — Cession by France of Chandernagore to India.

State Succession — Succession with Regard to Contractual and Other Obligations — Treaty Provision Anticipating Possible Cession of Territory.

State Territory — Acquisition of — Cession — State Succession on.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles and Rules of — Grammatical Construction — Rejection of

Peace Treaties — Effect of Provisions of, on State Succession with Regard to Obligations for Torts — Supremacy of General Doctrines of State Succession

State Succession — Succession with Regard to Obligations Torts — Duty to Pay Compensation — Effect of Provisions of Treaty of Peace — Coming into Force of Treaty as Critical Date — Greece as Successor State of Turkey — Treaty of Lausanne, 1923