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Weight loss maintenance in primary health care: a randomised controlled trial

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2024

Patrícia Pinheiro de Freitas ,
Mariana Souza Lopes  and
Aline Critine Souza Lopes Open the ORCID record for Aline Critine Souza Lopes [Opens in a new window]
Patrícia Pinheiro de Freitas
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Pesquisa de Intervenções em Nutrição (GIN/UFMG), MGT Highway 367 - Km 583 - nº 5000, Nutrition Department, Room 116. Alto da Jacub, Diamantina, Minas Gerais 39100000, Brazil
Mariana Souza Lopes
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Grupo de Pesquisa de Intervenções em Nutrição (GIN/UFMG), Campos I, s/n, Castelo Branco, 58050-585, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
Aline Critine Souza Lopes*
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Grupo de Pesquisa de Intervenções em Nutrição (GIN/UFMG), 190, Alfredo Balena Avenue, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100, Nursing School, room 316. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author: Aline Cristine Souza Lopes, email [email protected]
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Abstract

This study evaluates the maintenance of a clinically meaningful weight loss (≥ 5 %) after 12 and 36 months of participation in an intervention to promote fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption. A randomised controlled trial was conducted in a primary health care service. For 7 months, participants in the control group (CG) and in the intervention group (IG) performed guided physical exercise three times/week; the IG also participated in collective activities to promote FV consumption. This study selected participants (n 267) who showed clinically meaningful weight loss after nutritional intervention. Sociodemographic, health and body weight data were collected in a face-to-face interview at baseline (T0) and after intervention (T1). Participants were reassessed after 12 (T2) and 36 months (T3) by telephone interview, and the self-reported weight was corrected. The outcome measures weight changes at three time points: M1, comparing T2 with T1; M2, comparing T3 with T2; and M3, comparing T3 with T1. The generalised estimating equation, adjusted for individual characteristics, was used. Participants in the CG showed an increase of 4·2 kg (P < 0·001) at M1 and 4·6 kg (P < 0·001) at M3, while IG individuals showed an increase of 3·6 kg (P < 0·001) at M1 and 3·8 kg (P < 0·001) at M3. The between-group analyses show the effect of nutritional intervention on the maintenance of weight loss at M2 (P = 0·033). Although CG and IG participants increased in weight, the nutritional intervention was associated with maintenance over the long term. This reveals the importance of the promotion of FV consumption for body weight maintenance.

Keywords

Weight loss maintenanceIntervention studiesPrimary health careProgramme evaluation
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 132 , Issue 9 , 14 November 2024 , pp. 1255 - 1266
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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