Index
adaptive management, 220
agri-advisories,
agricultural land expansion, 39
alternate wetting and drying (AWD),
Bangladesh
index-based flood insurance (IBFI), 71
Brazil. See also agricultural land expansion
Brazilian School Feeding Programme, 115
emissions mitigation, 34
The New company, 99
Cambodia
agriculture micro-businesses, 55
Anourok Cambodia Forestry Project, 135
climate-smart chicken production, 59
carbon
pricing, 58
Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), 140
CARE, 187
CGIAR, , 38
challenges
conflict affected countries, 69
conflicting interests, 68
corruption, 125
deploying sustainable finance,
developing conflict-sensitive policies, 72
failing fast and intelligently, 164
lack of knowledge, 56
manual labour, 110
power dynamics, , 157
prohibitive costs to farmers, 110
Chile
NotCo company, 99
Climate Disclosure Standards Board (CDSB), 141
Climate Information Services for Increased Resilience and Productivity in Senegal (CINSERE). See Senegal
ClimateShot campaign,
climate-smart villages (CSVs),
Colombia. See agricultural land expansion
co-production of climate information, 84
Fedearroz, 56
Pronosticos AClimate Colombia, 56
transformation of production systems through automation, 56
community-based organisations (CBOs), 152
Congo, Democratic Republic of
emissions mitigation, 34
countries, low- and middle-income
expanding plant-based meats, 97
COVID-19 pandemic, 1
CRAFT project,
crowdsourcing, 165
CSIRO, 212
deforestation,
emissions
Agro-Chain Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculator (ACE), 111
calculator tools, 115
diets with low, 89
global trajectories, 32
low-emission diets, 16,
net zero, 11
reduction of emissions through high-carbon ecosystem protection, 34
rice production emissions, 108
total annual emissions of carbon dioxide equivalents from food systems, 3
Figure 1.1
The food system, 3
Figure 1.2
An illustrative summary of the book, 8
Figure 10.1
A global overview of food loss and waste in raw product equivalent and associated GHG emissions in 2018, 106
Figure 10.2
From manual to mechanised practices in Nigerian rice farms, 108
Figure 10.3
Part of the Agro-Chain GHG Emissions Calculator user interface for rice case comparison of technology scenarios, 111
Figure 11.1
Composition of the Ghana National Science Policy Diaglogue Platform on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security, 123
Figure 12.1
Development finance landscape: Categories, players, and flows, 133
Figure 13.1
Ranking of the regional priorities from online voting on food system actions, 150
Figure 14.1
How an Open Innovation 2.0 system could look for research and innovation in development institutions, 167
Figure 15.1
Theory of change cycle, 173
Figure 15.2
History of the use of theories of change in CCAFS, 175
Figure 16.1
five key principles for research partnerships to achieve societal outcomes, 186
Figure 2.1
The vision for a transformed food system, 12
Figure 3.1
CCAFS’s achievements during part of its second phase, 2017–2020, 27
Figure 4.1
Top 20 countries with agricultrual activities currently on peatlands and potential expansion into peatlands, 35
Figure 6.1
Potential livelihood pathways for smallholder farmers, 52
Figure 6.2
Impact pathways for reinvigorating rural economies, 54
Figure 7.1
Pathways for transforming food systems and securing resilient livelihoods and their linkages with peace and security outcomes, 65
Figure 8.1
Impact pathway, key actors, and processes involved in ICT-enabled, climate-informed agricultural advisory services, and interventions, 78
Figure 9.1
Kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram of food, including non-carbon dioxide GHGs, 93
Figure 9.2
Comparison of the environmental impact of animal-based meat and meat analogues, 94
Figure 9.3
Priority actions to scale viable alternative meat products in all countries, 101
Figure 9.4
A vision for shifting to low-emission diets, 101
finance
access to credit, 152
blended finance, 14,
carbon credits, carbon offsets,
community savings groups and associations, 55
creating attractive investment opportunities, 132
de-risking investments, 132
financing instruments and mechanisms,
funding gaps, 130
funding packages, 163
funding partner perspectives, 183
green bonds, climate bonds, 135
guarantees or risk insurance instruments,
insurance, 70
microcredit associations, 55
mobilising sustainable finance,
pay for success tools, results-based financing instruments,
payment for ecosystem services,
food loss and waste (FLW),
Love Food Hate Waste campaign, 115
measurement of FLW emissions,
reduction, , 115
reduction in schools, 115
rice, 106
food systems, definition of, 2
Ghana. See Figure 11.1Table 17.1
lessons learned from CSVs, 200
National Climate-Smart Agriculture Action Plan, 124
working at multiple levels, 200
Global Impact Investing Network
IRIS+, 140
Global Impact Investing Rating System (GIIRS), 141
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), 140
governance
anticipatory,
habitat restoration, protection,
Harmonised Indicators for Private Sector Operations (HIPSO), 141
high-carbon ecosystems,
inclusion
India
dissemination of meteorological data, 83
Indonesia
climate-smart financial mechanisms, 39
conversion of high-carbon environments,
emissions mitigation, 34
innovation, 161
CCAFS as an innovation organisation, 163
designing transformative innovations, 160
digital innovation, 15
Global Action Agenda for Innovation in Agriculture, 157
innovation portfolio management, 161
innovation system transformation, 18
investing in adaptive innovations, 19
negative aspects of innovation, 157
Open Innovation 2.0,
skills and roles, 161
user-centric design approaches, 161
wider innovation ecosystems, 163
International Finance Corporation (IFC), 140
Kenya
climate-smart futures for livestock, 122
farm-level interventions, 109
Hello Tractor, 57
mechanisation, 57
upscaling climate-smart agriculture, 53
knowledge
indigenous and local knowledge consideration, , 81
leadership
case studies, 212
emerging principles,
food systems research leadership, 209
marginalised group leadership,
systems analysis, 212
theories of change and leadership,
theory and context,
Leeds, University of, 187
Local Technical Agroclimatic Committees,
Mali
financial lending to agricultural sectors and women entrpreneurs, 135
management, adaptive, 177
mechanisation, , , 111
meteorological services, , ,
New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF), 37
outcomes
in relation to theories of change,
outcome-orientated research,
Partnership for Biodiversity Accounting Financials (PBAF), 141
partnerships,
complementary visions, 191
deep and trustful, 194
multi-level,
outcome-focused research partnerships, 185
partner selection in the CCAFS global policy team, 191
strategic partnership selection,
peace, pathways to, 64
Rabobank, 44
research
as an agent for change, 23
changing approaches, 24
desirable properties and attributes, 28
diversity and inclusivity, 29
incentives, 23
innovation in research, 5
key attributes to enable food-system transformation,
resilience
resilience-building in rural development interventions, 52
scaling
farmer-to-farmer scaling, 198
finance, 71,
horizontal and vertical,
innovation, 163
priorities for scaling impact,
Senegal
Agence Nationale de l’Aviation Civile et de la Météorologie (ANACIM), 85
Climate Information Services for Increased Resilience and Productivity in Senegal (CINSERE), 81
dissemination of climate information, 178
partnerships to deliver climate-informed agricultural advisories, 189
Union of Rural Community Radios of Senegal (URACS), 187
Singapore
Oatly company, 99
Social Performance Task Force (SPTF), 140
Southern African Confederation of Agricultural Unions (SACAU), 191
stakeholders. See also partnerships
multi-stakeholder approaches, 17
multi-stakeholder networks, 162
multi-stakeholder participation, 125
multi-stakeholder platforms, 122
Sub-Saharan Africa
ease of doing business, 125
equipment sharing, 57
food loss hotspot, 105
food-systems transformation costs, 21
rice losses in smallholder farms’ rice supply chains,
Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), the, 140
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
trade-offs, 105
systems thinking, , 212
Table 10.1
Impact of different intervention scenarios in smallholder rice farming, 108
Table 10.2
Food loss and waste and greenhouse gas emission results for different cooling temperatures for cut vegetables, 109
Table 10.3
Food loss and waste and GHG emission results for different cooling temperatures for cut vegetables, 110
Table 12.1
Examples of innovative financing instruments and mechanisms, 135
Table 12.2
Example initiatives used across the financial ecosystem addressing impact and ESG metrics, 140
Table 15.1
The evolution of theory of change in CCAFS, 176
Table 16.1
Examples of partnership reasons drawn from different partnership types, plus lessons learnt, 187
Table 17.1
The multiple scales and actors linked to the Ghana CSVs, 201
Table 18.1
Operationalising principles for effective and authentic leadership in AR4D leaders to develop the new vision, 215
Table 2.1
The ‘what’, ‘how’, ‘where’, and ‘who’ aspects associated with each transformative food system action,
Table 2.2
The estimated annual cost of achieving food-system transformation from 2021 to 2050, 21
Table 3.1
Select attributes of research to enable food-system transformation, 28
Table 4.1
A selection of financial mechanisms to support sustainable management of high-carbon ecosystems, 39
Table 9.1
Dietary choices that reduce meat-related emissions, 90
Table 9.2
Comparison of investment and market status for different types of meat analogues, 97
Tanzania
climate-smart villages (CSVs), 55
collaboration with CCAFS, 153
CRAFT project, 46
Hello Tractor, 57
Taskforce on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), 141
Taskforce on Nature-Related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), 141
technologies
theories of change (ToCs), ,
tools
participatory prioritisation tools, 160
Uganda
climate-smart futures for livestock, 122
climate-smart villages, 55
collaboration with CCAFS, 153
cooperatives and youth, 146
CRAFT project, 46
Manyakabi Area Cooperative Enterprise, 147
UN Principles for Responsible Investment (UN PRI), 140
Open access