Aliens — Position of — Respect for property — Right of aliens to inherit, own, and dispose of property — Treaty obligation — Most-favoured-nation clause — Statute of component entity of federal State inconsistent with treaty — The law of the United States of America.

Treaties — Operation of — Effect of municipal legislation — Statute of component entity of federal State inconsistent with treaty — Most-favoured-nation clause — Right of aliens to inherit, own, and dispose of property — The law of the United States of America.

Treaties — Special kinds of — Most-favoured nation clause — Right of aliens to inherit, own, and dispose of property — Statute of component entity of federal State inconsistent with treaty — The law of the United States of America.

International law — Relation to municipal law — Statute of component entity of federal State inconsistent with treaty — Most-favoured-nation clause — Right of aliens to inherit, own, and dispose of property — The law of the United States of America.

International law — Relation to municipal law — Treaty as political decision — Whether rules of international law will be applied in municipal courts — The law of India.

State succession — Respect for private rights — Merger of States — Obligation of successor State to pay outstanding purchase price of company’s shares originally bought by merged State — Implied recognition of rights — The law of India.

State succession — With regard to contractual and other obligations, and concessions — Merger of States — Obligation of successor State to pay outstanding purchase price of company's shares originally bought by merged State — Implied acceptance of liability — The law of India.

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of — Parties to treaties — Right to conclude — Whether Rulers signatories to covenant forming Union of States can subsequently sign new agreement extending the first agreement — The law of India.

Treaties—Interpretation of — Agencies of — Municipal courts prohibited from interpreting certain treaties — The law of India.

State succession — Respect for private rights — Grants of land made by former sovereign — Whether binding on successors — Position of Indian State in interval between termination of British protection and incorporation into Indian Union — Whether acts of Indian administering authority are justiciable in Indian courts — Acts of State — The law of India.

Composite and dependent States and territories — British Commonwealth of Nations — Indian independence — Whether Convention on Execution of Foreign Arbitral Awards binding on Dominion of India — Indian Independence (International Arrangements)Order — The law of India.

Succession of Governments — In general — Succession to treaties — Whether after independence Government of India bound by Convention on Execution of Foreign Arbitral Awards concluded before independence — Indian Independence (International Arrangements) Order — The law of India.

International law — Sources — Custom — Local custom — Whether possible for legally binding custom to be based on relations between two States alone — Whether necessary to look to general international custom or general principles of law recognized by civilized nations in support of existence of local custom — Whether in absence of binding local custom State may rely on general customary law or general principles of law — Circumstances in which particular practice prevails over general rule.

State succession — International conventions — Treaties concerning rights over territory — Treaties creating personal rights and obligations — Right of passage over foreign territory to reach enclaves — Portuguese enclaves of Dadra and Nagar — Aveli in India.

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of — Conditions of validity — Criteria those of period when treaty signed — Treaty of Poona, 1779, between Portugal and Maratha Ruler.

Treaties — Termination of — By operation of law — In general — Clausula rebus sic stantibus — Extinction of treaty rights and obligations owing to changed relations between one Party and successor State to other Party — Treaty of Poona, 1779, between Portugal and Maratha Ruler.

International Court of Justice — Judicial function — Statute, Article 38 (1) — Judicial determination of rights on basis of international law — Degree of precision required for such determination — Relevance of difficulties in exercise of right and fulfilment of corresponding obligation.

International Court of Justice — Contentious jurisdiction — Competence — Acceptance of compulsory jurisdiction subject to reservation ratione temporis — Moment when dispute arises — Nature and subject of dispute — Distinction between facts or situations the existence of which is presupposed by dispute and facts or situations which are real cause of dispute.

International Court of Justice — Contentious jurisdiction — Competence — Acceptance of compulsory jurisdiction subject to reservation of questions falling exclusively within domestic jurisdiction of accepting State — Scope of reservation.

Territory — Nature of territorial sovereignty — Rights in and over territory — Enclaves — Sovereign rights of State in which enclaves situated — Right of passage over territory of that State for purpose of access to enclaves — Right of access necessarily presupposed by existence of enclaves — Discretionary right of sovereign of surrounding territory to refuse right of passage for reasons of internal security — Consistency of requirement of prior authorization with existence of right of passage — Effect upon exercise of right of passage of new de facto Government in enclaves opposed to Government of State claiming sovereignty over enclaves — Portuguese enclaves of Dadra and Nagar — Aveli in India.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — In general — Foreign territory made available to State for military purposes — Applicability of law of State to — Control of narcotics law applicable in military facilities provided by Japan to the United States — The law of the United States of America.

State territory — International leases and grants in perpetuity — Foreign territory made available to State for military purposes — Applicability of law of State to — Control of narcotics in military facilities provided by Japan to the United States — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Miscellaneous — Over residents for purposes of taxation — Income arising from activities abroad and on the high seas — The law of the United States of America.

State territory — Parts of — Territorial waters — Breadth and delimitation of — Claim by Peru to 200-mile territorial sea — Presence of fisherman in, as presence in “foreign country” for purpose of tax laws — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Over foreigners — Whether right of innocent passage affects application of Customs laws to foreigner on board foreign ship calling at port — The law of India.

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Over ports and national waters — Whether right of innocent passage affects application of Customs laws to person on foreign ship calling at port — The law of India.

State territory — Parts of — Territorial waters — Right of innocent passage — Whether right confers immunity from customs laws on foreign ship calling at port — The law of India.

International law — International comity — Access of foreign vessels to ports — Picketing of foreign flag vessel because of acts of foreign State boycotting ships of State of picketers — The law of the United States of America.

State territory — Parts of — National waters — Ports — Access of foreign vessels to — Picketing of foreign flag vessel because of acts of foreign State — Labour dispute — Comity — The law of the United States of America.

States as international persons — Composite and dependent States and territories — Unions of States — Federal States — Continental shelf — Natural resources of subsoil and sea bed — Oil fields — Boundariesbetween areas belonging to federal Government and component States — Territorial sea — Of States upon admission to federal union — State succession — Treaties — As evidence of seaward boundaries — Subsequent conduct of parties — Executive determinations — Conclusiveness of — Islands — Claim to, as evidence of breadth of territorial sea — Land and sea boundaries — Differences between — The law of the United States of America.

State succession — Succession to rights — Admission to federal union — Continental shelf — Territorial waters — Breadth and delimitation of — Natural resources of subsoil and sea bed — Oil fields — Federal State — Boundaries between areas belonging to federal Government and component States — Treaties — As evidence of seaward boundaries — Subsequent conduct of parties — Executive determinations — Conclusiveness of — Islands — Claim to, as evidence of breadth of territorial waters — Land and sea boundaries — Differences between — The law of the United States of America.

State territory — Parts of — Water boundaries — Territorial waters — Continental shelf — Natural resources of subsoil and sea bed — Oil fields — Federal State — Boundaries between areas belonging to federal Government and component States — State succession — States admitted to federal union — Treaties-As evidence of sea ward boundaries — Subsequent conduct of parties — Executive determinations — Conclusiveness of — Islands — Claim to, as evidence of breadth of territorial sea — Differences between land and sea boundaries — The law of the United States of America.

State territory — Parts of — Territorial waters — Breadth and delimitation of — Relationship to continental shelf — Natural resources of subsoil and sea bed — Oil fields — Federal State — Boundaries between areas belonging to federal Government and component States — Upon admission to federal union — State succession — Treaties — As evidence of seaward boundaries — Subsequent conduct of parties — Executive determinations Conclusiveness of — Islands — Claim to, as evidence of breadth of territorial waters — Land and sea boundaries — Differences between — The law of the United States of America.

State territory — Parts of — Continental shelf — Jurisdiction and control by federal State — Natural resources of continental shelf claimed by United States of America — Oil fields — Boundaries between areas belonging to federal Government and component States — Territorial sea — Of States upon admission to federal union — State succession — Treaties — As evidence of seaward boundaries — Subsequent conduct of parties-Executive determinations — Conclusiveness of — Islands — Claim to, as evidence of breadth of territorial sea — Land and sea boundaries — Differences between — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — In general — Scope of legislation — Regulation of sale of securities — Sale by foreign dealer and broker to domestic purchaser — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from — Foreign States — Shipping company owned by foreign State — Investigation of alleged restrictive practices by — Production of documents under court order — The law of the United States of America.

Treaties — Special kinds of — Commercial treaties — Treaties of friendship, commerce and navigation — Between the United States and Japan — Between the United States and the Netherlands — Treatment of restrictive practices under — Provisions concerning consultation, freedom of commerce and equitable treatment of foreign nationals — Investigation by grand jury — Shipping conferences and agreements between shipping companies — Production of documents under court order — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Activity and impact within State asserting jurisdiction — Monopolistic practices — Investigation of, by grand jury — Shipping conferences and agreements between shipping companies — Shipment between foreign States — Production of documents — By foreign and domestic companies — Shipping company owned by foreign Government — Sovereign immunity of — Treaties of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation — Provisions regarding consultation concerning restrictive practices, freedom of commerce and equitable treatment of foreign nationals — Production of documents in violation of foreign law — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Territorial limits of — Domestic agency of foreign bank — Order of Court to produce documents situate in foreign State — As to transactions outside demanding State — Foreign corporation in position of witness — Production of documents in violation of law of foreign State — Letters rogatory — The law of the United States of America.

State territory — Parts of — National waters — Voluntary subjection of foreign ship to laws of port State — Labour dispute — Internaleconomy of the ship — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Over ports and national waters — Foreign vessel in port — Voluntary subjection to laws of port State — Labour dispute — Norris-LaGuardia Act — Internal economy of the ship — The law of the United States of America.

State territory — Parts of — National waters — Union picketing foreign ship flying “flag of convenience”in port — Domestic labour dispute — Exclusive jurisdiction of National Labor Relations Board — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Over ports and national waters — Union picketing foreign ship flying “flag of convenience” — Domestic labour dispute — Exclusive jurisdiction in National Labor Relations Board — The law of the United States of America.

International law — Relation to municipal law — Whether municipal court bound to enforce municipal law even if in conflict with international law — The law of India.

State territory — Parts of — Territorial waters — Jurisdiction in maritime belt — Meaning of “innocent passage” — Reach of customs laws — Whether concealing goods on board foreign ship which enters Indian territorial waters can be “importing” into India — The law of India.

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Over ports and national waters — Reach of customs laws — Concealment of Indian and foreign currency on board foreign ship calling at Indian port with — out intent to go on land — Whether actionable under customs laws — The law of India.

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Exemptions from — Foreign States — Foreign State trading enterprise as plaintiff in action on contract — Counter-claim for affirmative relief arising out of same transaction — Non-governmental nature of transaction — Implied waiver of immunity through initiation of action — The law of the United States of America.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from and restrictions upon — Foreign States — Service of process upon — The law of the United States of America.