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L-tryptophan for treatment-resistant depression

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Sara Smith  and
Praveen Atmakur
Sara Smith
Affiliation:
Henry Lautch Centre, Bushey Fields Hospital, Bushey Fields Road, Dudley
Praveen Atmakur
Affiliation:
Henry Lautch Centre, Bushey Fields Hospital, Bushey Fields Road, Dudley
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Abstract

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Psychiatric Bulletin , Volume 28 , Issue 5 , May 2004 , pp. 183
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2004

L-tryptophan, the amino acid precursor of serotonin, is not widely used as an adjunctive treatment despite its recommendation in treatment-resistant depression (Reference TaylorTaylor, 2001).

Perhaps inexperience, limited supporting data (Reference Shaw, Turner and Del MarShaw et al, 2002), or the inconvenience of full blood count monitoring and patient registration deter prescribers. Numerous authors have reported on mood changes associated with L-tryptophan depletion (including Reference Bell, Abrams and NuttBell et al, 2001), but few recent studies consider efficacy. We wish to report our experience of L-tryptophan (Optimax) use.

A complete list of patients prescribed L-tryptophan between 1999-2002 under the care of one consultant psychiatrist was obtained from the central Optimax registration service. Fifty-three individuals were identified, of whom 52 case records were available. Response to augmentation as measured on Optimax monitoring forms was recorded (no response, satisfactory, good), along with details of continuation or cessation and reasons for discontinuation.

Thirty-two patients were female, twenty male. The age range was 22–66 (average age 45.4 years).

Twenty-nine patients (56%) reported an improvement in mood following commencement of L-tryptophan (23% satisfactory, 33% good). Twenty-three (44%) reported no response.

Eight patients discontinued L-tryptophan following recovery. Twentyone discontinued for other reasons: lack of response (ten), reluctance to take L-tryptophan (two), following overdose (one), feeling worse (one), side-effects (six), unspecified (one). The side-effects reported were stiffness (one), irritability (one), dizziness (two), unspecified (two). No patients ceased treatment as a result of developing eosinophilia or symptoms of eosinophilia myalgia. Eighty-six per cent of the patient sample tolerated L-tryptophan.

Although unsophisticated, these results support the use of L-tryptophan as an augmentation strategy in treatment-resistant depression, bringing about symptom improvement in 56% of the sample. This compares favourably to the published 50-60% response rate with lithium augmentation.

References

Bell, C., Abrams, J. & Nutt, D. (2001) Tryptophan depletion and its implications for psychiatry. British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, 399–405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaw, K., Turner, J. & Del Mar, C. (2002) Tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan for depression. Cochrane Database Systematic Review: CD003198. London: The Cochrane Library.Google Scholar
Taylor, D. (2001) The South London & Maudsley NHS Trust 2001 Prescribing Guidelines, 6th edn. London: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
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