The frequency of upper and lower gastrointestinal disturbance as a function of exercise is reported to be between 30 and 70%( Reference Simons and Shaskan 1 ). With the severity of symptoms ranging from mild stomach discomfort to severe diarrhoea( Reference Simons and Shaskan 1 ) and a common observation that the consumption of beverages either before or during exercise may increase the incidence rate by over 25%( Reference Peters, Bos and Seegbregts 2 ). Recent reports suggest that ginger containing beverages can reduce the symptoms of nausea and vomiting when administered during chemotherapy( Reference Sontakke, Thawani and Naik 3 ). The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of consuming an isotonic beverage with and without ginger on the frequency and severity of gastrointestinal disturbance during and after exercise.
In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Ethics committee approval 40 recreational athletes (23 male, 17 female) volunteered to participate. On three separate occasions, at least 7 days apart, each volunteer completed a 5 km run around the same course. Volunteers completed a 5 item questionnaire that assessed upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms( Reference Pfeiffer, Stellignwerff and Hodgson 4 ) before and after exercise by placing a mark on 10 cm line rated as 0 (never) and 10 (always). Each volunteer consumed a total of 450 ml of either water or beverage A or beverage B; 225 ml immediately prior to and 225 ml following exercise. Beverage A contained 7·5% glucose, 10 mM NaCl, citric acid, K sorbate and 62·5 ml of ginger root extract per 1 L; beverage B was identical to beverage A but the ginger was replaced with 62·5 ml of carrot extract. Two further questionnaires were administered assessing beverage tolerance immediately and 30 minutes after exercise. Data were analysed using Wilcoxon Signed rank tests and are reported as the median (range).
The incidence of upper GI disturbance increased (P < 0·05) as a function of exercise; stomach problems increased from pre-exercise 1·7 (0·1–6·3) to 2·0 (0·1–8·4) during exercise and nausea increased from pre-exercise 1·1 (0·1–4·5) to 2·0 (01–7·6) during exercise. All other measures of GI disturbance were similar between pre- during and post-exercise. Consuming the beverages did not exacerbate the GI symptoms during exercise. However, after exercise the prevalence of stomach problems (4·6 (0·3–6·6)) and nausea (4·5 (0·3–9) decreased (P < 0·05) with beverage A but neither beverage B nor water had this effect stomach problems (5 (0·2–8·2)) nausea (5 (0·2–7)). Ginger administration during chemotherapy has been reported to reduce symptoms of nausea( Reference Sontakke, Thawani and Naik 3 ) and these data support the observation that ginger has a similar effect following exercise. The exact mechanism behind this effect is unresolved but has been linked to the antagonist effects on serontonergic 5HT receptors( Reference Sontakke, Thawani and Naik 3 ).
