An edge-weighting problem of a graph G is an assignment of an integer weight to each edge e. Based on an edge-weighting problem, several types of vertex-coloring problems are put forward. A simple observation illuminates that the edge-weighting problem has a close relationship with special factors of the graphs. In this paper, we generalise several earlier results on the existence of factors with pre-specified degrees and hence investigate the edge-weighting problem — and in particular, we prove that every 4-colorable graph admits a vertex-coloring 4-edge-weighting.

A new generalised Hadjidimos preconditioner and preconditioned generalised AOR method for the solution of the linear complementarity problem are presented. The convergence and convergence rate of the new method are analysed, and numerical experiments demonstrate that it is efficient.

A Raviart-Thomas mixed finite element discretization for general bilinear optimal control problems is discussed. The state and co-state are approximated by lowest order Raviart-Thomas mixed finite element spaces, and the control is discretized by piecewise constant functions. A posteriori error estimates are derived for both the coupled state and the control solutions, and the error estimators can be used to construct more efficient adaptive finite element approximations for bilinear optimal control problems. An adaptive algorithm to guide the mesh refinement is also provided. Finally, we present a numerical example to demonstrate our theoretical results.

An inverse geometric problem for two-dimensional Helmholtz-type equations arising in corrosion detection is considered. This problem involves determining an unknown corroded portion of the boundary of a two-dimensional domain and possibly its surface heat transfer (impedance) Robin coefficient from one or two pairs of boundary Cauchy data (boundary temperature and heat flux), and is solved numerically using the meshless method of fundamental solutions. A nonlinear unconstrained minimisation of the objective function is regularised when noise is added into the input boundary data. The stability of the numerical results is investigated for several test examples, with respect to noise in the input data and various values of the regularisation parameters.

Most image segmentation techniques efficiently segment images with prominent edges, but are less efficient for some images with low frequencies and overlapping regions of homogeneous intensities. A recently proposed selective segmentation model often works well, but not for such challenging images. In this paper, we introduce a new model using the coefficient of variation as a fidelity term, and our test results show it performs much better in these challenging cases.

A high-order finite difference scheme for the fractional Cattaneo equation is investigated. The L1 approximation is invoked for the time fractional part, and a compact difference scheme is applied to approximate the second-order space derivative. The stability and convergence rate are discussed in the maximum norm by the energy method. Numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed difference scheme.