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Flavonoid-rich-berry-extract treatment decreases the expression of DMT1 and functionally-similar metal transporter genes in human intestinal Caco-2 cells

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 March 2010

F. Alzaid ,
K. Pourvali ,
C. I. Lin ,
M. Arno ,
E. Aldecoa-Otalora Astarloa ,
P. A. Sharp ,
C. Hogstrand ,
P. W. Emery ,
D. Bagchi  and
V. R. Preedy
...Show all authors
F. Alzaid
Affiliation:
Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
K. Pourvali
Affiliation:
Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
C. I. Lin
Affiliation:
Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
M. Arno
Affiliation:
Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
E. Aldecoa-Otalora Astarloa
Affiliation:
Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
P. A. Sharp
Affiliation:
Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
C. Hogstrand
Affiliation:
Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
P. W. Emery
Affiliation:
Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
D. Bagchi
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
V. R. Preedy
Affiliation:
Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
H. Wiseman
Affiliation:
Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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Abstract

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Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 69 , Issue OCE1: Over- and undernutrition: challenges and approaches. 29 June–2 July 2009 , 2010 , E27
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2009

Berries are a rich dietary source of bioactive polyphenols including flavonoids such as anthocyanins(Reference Zafra-Stone, Yasmin and Bagchi1). The ability of flavonoids to chelate divalent metal ions may contribute to their antioxidant action. Dietary polyphenols are known to impair Fe absorption. They can reduce non-haem-Fe transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers(Reference Kim, Ham and Shigenaga2). However, little is known about their influence on the expression of the genes involved. The present study investigated the influence of berry polyphenols on the expression of metal transporter and related genes.

Human intestinal Caco-2 cells were cultured for 21 d and were then treated for 16 h with an anthocyanin-rich berry extract (OptiBerry; InterHealth Nutraceuticals, Benicia, CA, USA) at a final concentration of 0.5% (w/v). Subsequently, mRNA was extracted, pooled and used for the microarray analysis using Affymetrix gene chip HG-U133A (Affymetrix Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) and for quantitative RT–PCR. Microarray data were analysed using GCOS™ software (Affymetrix Inc.) and the Database for Annotation, Visualisation and Integrated Discovery (version 4; Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA). A cut-off of 2-fold change and P⩽0.05 was applied.

DMT1 (divalent metal transporter; cellular Fe absorption), ZIP2 (Zn uptake transporter), ZNT10 (Zn efflux transporter), ATP7B (Cu efflux transporter), MRS2 (Mg uptake transporter) and HFE (regulation of Fe absorption) were identified as a novel group of metal transporter and related genes affected by the treatment. Functional similarity of these genes to DMT1 was determined (Fig. 1). Expression of DMT1, ZNT10, ZIP2, HFE, ATP7B and MRS2 was decreased by the treatment (Fig. 2) and the microarray data was validated by quantitative RT–PCR using the 18S amplicon as a housekeeping gene (mean fold decreases 1.70 (sd 0.73), 1.74 (sd 0.56), 1.74 (sd 0.82), 2.43 (sd 0.72), 1.11 (sd 0.36) and 1.11 (sd 0.36) respectively).

Fig. 1. Functional similarity to DMT1 of metal transporter and related genes.

Fig. 2. Microarray fold-decrease in expression of metal transporter and related genes.

Studies are in progress to investigate the biological relevance of the observed effects in relation to berry consumption and the absorption of dietary Fe and Zn, Cu and Mg.

References

1. Zafra-Stone, S, Yasmin, T, Bagchi, M et al. (2007) Mol Nutr Food Res 51, 675–683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Kim, EY, Ham, SK, Shigenaga, MK et al. (2008) J Nutr 138, 1647–1651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Figure 0

Fig. 1. Functional similarity to DMT1 of metal transporter and related genes.

Figure 1

Fig. 2. Microarray fold-decrease in expression of metal transporter and related genes.