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Contents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2024

Gloria HY Wong ,
Bosco HM Ma ,
Maggie NY Lee  and
David LK Dai
Gloria HY Wong
Affiliation:
The University of Hong Kong
Bosco HM Ma
Affiliation:
Hong Kong Alzheimer's Disease Association
Maggie NY Lee
Affiliation:
Hong Kong Alzheimer's Disease Association
David LK Dai
Affiliation:
Hong Kong Alzheimer's Disease Association

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Chapter
Information
Casebook of Dementia
A Reference Guide for Primary Care
 , pp. v - vii
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Contents

  1. Foreword

  2. Preface

  3. 1Background: Primary Care in Dementia

    1. 1.1Concepts and Practices of Task-Shifting or Task-Sharing in Dementia Care

    2. 1.2Primary Care Models in Dementia: Some Examples

    3. 1.3Overview of Dementia: Work-up, Diagnosis, and Management

    4. 1.4Integrated Health and Social Care: Rationales and Evidence

    5. 1.5Lessons Learned from 15 Years of Early Intervention Service

  4. 2Typical Alzheimer’s Disease

    1. 2.1Cases Illustrative of Pathognomonic Features

      1. Case 001Post–Brain Injury Memory Decline

      2. Case 002Repeated Buying of Groceries

      3. Case 003Delayed Recall

      4. Case 004How Many Children Do I Have?

      5. Case 005Deficits in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

      6. Case 006Forgotten Home Address

      7. Case 007Forgotten Children’s Names

      8. Case 008Repeated Questioning

      9. Case 009Where Is My Wife?

      10. Case 010Post-CVA Cognitive Decline

      11. Case 011Why Aren’t My Grandchildren Visiting?

      12. Case 012Which Room Is Which?

      13. Case 013Needing Help to Find Home

      14. Case 014Reminders for Shower

      15. Case 015How to Use the Door Lock?

    2. 2.2Understanding Cognitive, Functioning, and Clinical Assessment Findings

      1. Case 016Whose Kids Are These?

      2. Case 017Time and Place Orientation

      3. Case 018Inability to Draw a Clock

      4. Case 019Perseveration Error in Clock Drawing

      5. Case 020Forgetting to Get Dressed after Bathing

      6. Case 021Choosing Proper Clothes

      7. Case 022Reversed Clock Numbers

      8. Case 023Wearing Shirts Unbuttoned

      9. Case 024Lines for Numbers

      10. Case 025Which Stage?

      11. Case 026Clinical Dementia Rating Score of 1

      12. Case 027Refusing to Draw

      13. Case 028Never Went to School

      14. Case 029Cognitive vs Clinical Assessment Findings

      15. Case 030Reasons for Reduced Independence

    3. 2.3Indications for Investigations

      1. Case 031Apraxia in Self-Care

      2. Case 032Comorbid Anaemia

      3. Case 033History of Small Vessel Disease

      4. Case 034CT Evidence of Small Vessel Ischaemia

      5. Case 035Comorbid Depression

      6. Case 036Diabetes, Depression, and Dementia

      7. Case 037Cholinesterase Inhibitors in an Atrial Fibrillation Patient

      8. Case 038Alzheimer’s Disease in a Stroke Patient

      9. Case 039History of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

      10. Case 040Declining Brain Imaging

      11. Case 041Suicidal Ideation about Jumping from a Height

      12. Case 042Pain and Unilateral Rigidity

      13. Case 043Rapid Onset with Awareness

      14. Case 044Feelings of Uselessness

      15. Case 045Bilateral Cataract

      16. Case 046Treatment Response

    4. 2.4Complaints about Behaviours

      1. Case 047Delusions

      2. Case 048Getting Lost

      3. Case 049They Took My Money

      4. Case 050How Did I Spend That Money?

      5. Case 051Midnight Meal

      6. Case 052Reporting a 10-Year-Old Traffic Accident

      7. Case 053Pushing Wife to the Ground

      8. Case 054Smelly Clothes

      9. Case 055Fire Hazards

      10. Case 056Forgetting to Pick up Grandchildren

      11. Case 057Living Alone and Getting Lost

      12. Case 058Repeated Bathing

      13. Case 059Denial of Functional Decline and Dementia

      14. Case 060What Was My Previous Job?

      15. Case 061Worsening Hygiene

      16. Case 062Subjective Cognitive Decline in a Carer

    5. 2.5Normal Ageing, Mild Cognitive Impairment, or Mild Dementia?

      1. Case 063Intact Registration

      2. Case 064Cognitive Frailty

      3. Case 065Memory Problems Post-Discharge

      4. Case 066Intact Activities of Daily Living

      5. Case 067Severe Hearing Impairment

      6. Case 068Observe? Or Start Treatment?

      7. Case 0695 or 10 mg?

      8. Case 070Subjective Cognitive Impairment

      9. Case 071Increasing Social Isolation

      10. Case 07291-Year-Old Needing Reminder for Medications

      11. Case 073Independent IADLs

      12. Case 074Keys Left in the Door

      13. Case 075Living Alone with Self-Reported Deficits

      14. Case 076Disorientation to Place?

      15. Case 077Training Effects?

      16. Case 078Comorbid Depression and Knee Pain

      17. Case 079Vitamin B12 Deficiency

      18. Case 080‘Passing’ in MMSE

  5. 3Atypical Alzheimer’s Disease, Other Dementias, and Differential Diagnoses

    1. 3.1When Imaging and Further Observation Are Needed

      1. Case 081Could It Be Stroke?

      2. Case 082A Sweet Tooth

      3. Case 083Long History of Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment

      4. Case 084Difficulties in Word Finding

      5. Case 085Intact Visuospatial Performance

    2. 3.2Pseudodementia

      1. Case 086Significant Depression and Questionable Dementia

      2. Case 087My Son Doesn’t Care

      3. Case 088Drinking Problem and Quetiapine

      4. Case 089Suicidal Ideation and Temper Tantrum

      5. Case 090Decline after Hospitalisation

      6. Case 091Anticlockwise Clock

    3. 3.3Alzheimer’s or Other Dementias? When to Refer

      1. Case 092Memory Decline in Three Months

      2. Case 093No Concern for Personal Hygiene

      3. Case 094Hitting Wife in Sleep

      4. Case 095Seeing Deceased Relatives

      5. Case 096Vascular or Vitamin?

      6. Case 097Aggression as Key Complaint

      7. Case 098Soft Tissue Mass on MRI

      8. Case 099Shouting at TV

  6. 4Useful Tools and Resources in Early Intervention Services

    1. 4.1A Sample Form to Facilitate History-Taking

    2. 4.2Physical Examination and Investigation Checklist for Suspected Dementia

    3. 4.3Sample Cognitive and Functioning Report of an Early Intervention Service

    4. 4.4Common Symptoms Reported by Carers and People with Suspected Dementia

    5. 4.5Infographic and Educational Material for Explaining Dementia Diagnosis and Management

  7. 5Take-Home Messages and Further Readings

    1. 5.1Advance Care Planning

    2. 5.2Carer Stress and Support

    3. 5.3Formulating and Disclosing Dementia Diagnosis

    4. 5.4Issues Surrounding Management

    5. 5.5Dementia-Friendly Communities and Prevention

  8. Glossary

  9. Index

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