The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought a deleterious impact to the health and well-being of populations worldwide. Besides the increasing number of cases, high infectivity rate, mutations, and mortality, the situation was complicated with natural disasters in some countries. The East Coast of Peninsular and East Malaysia was hit by its annual monsoon flood in November 2020, affecting more than 48 000 people, as of January 8, 2021. 1 It was considered one of the worst floods as it occurred during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/COVID-19 pandemic.
During the flood, a large number of flood victims was displaced and relocated to relief centers. Overcrowding of these relief centers posed a great challenge in implementing disease control and prevention standard operating procedures (SOPs), such as social distancing and quarantine. Furthermore, risk of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection increased as evacuees had to share facilities, such as bathrooms and toilets, due to limited resources. These situations led to the emergence of new COVID-19 clusters, such as the Taman Bahagia cluster in Pahang and the Jalan Niaga cluster in Johor. 2 Besides these, flood victims prioritized saving their lives and essentials over bringing along personal protective equipment (PPE), that is, face masks and hand sanitizers. In addition, PPE items were soiled from the flood waters, further hampering the observance of SOPs. Meanwhile, a lack of clean water supply resulted in an increase in waterborne disease, adding further burden on the already impaired health care system during the pandemic. Reference Phillips, Caldas and Cleetus3 Contact tracing was challenging during the floods. The Ministry of Health Malaysia introduced a mobile application called “MySejahtera,” where users check in to places using QR codes. 4 During the floods, mobile phones and electronic gadgets were damaged or inadequately charged, hence contact tracing was done manually, either by telephone interview at relief centers or by recording onto a log book. The authorities then identified and referred symptomatic individuals to hospitals or quarantined the asymptomatic individuals according to protocols developed by the ministry. 4 Moreover, there is an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) transmission during disaster relief, whereby asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive volunteers infected flood victims, or vice versa. To mitigate the risk of COVID-19, some charitable organizations sponsored SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) swab tests to the flood relief centers. 5
In short, the monsoon flood worsened the COVID-19 situation in Malaysia. The authors suggest a proper mitigation and preparedness of risk assessment for future disasters. The inclusion of relevant stakeholders such as city planners, civil engineers, and other professions is crucial to better prepare for the next disaster. A good warning system should also be in place to prepare the affected population ahead of time to save lives and prevent further damages. Furthermore, emphasis should be given to specific communities, such as those with low socioeconomic status and immigrants, due to their limitation in facilities and resources. Authorities should engage and educate these communities on crisis preparedness strategies. Establishment of a resilient health care system through intersectoral collaboration between health care providers and other relevant stakeholders should be emphasized.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Professor Dr Shalimar Abdullah (Vice President) and Ms Masniza Mustaffa (Health Coordinator) from Mercy Malaysia for providing us with information from their experience in providing relief to the flood victims.
