Editors
Daniel Benoliel is a law professor at the University of Haifa Faculty of Law and the Director of the Haifa Center of Law and Technology in Israel. His main fields of expertise include intellectual property, law and economics, and technology entrepreneurship law. He published numerous books, including Patent Intensity and Economic Growth (Cambridge University Press, 2017), its Chinese edition (Cambridge University Press and Intellectual Property Publishing House, 2023), and Líderes improváveis: A batalha dos países em desenvolvimento pelo acesso a medicamentos patenteados [Improbable Leaders: The Battle of Developing Countries for Access to Patented Medicines] (with Bruno M. Salama, FGV University Press, 2017) (in Portuguese). He holds a J.S.D. from UC Berkeley School of Law and has been a John M. Olin Research Fellow with the John M. Olin Center for Law and Economics at UC Berkeley and an alumnus of the Information Society Project at Yale Law School.
Francis Gurry is an Australian lawyer who served as the Director General of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) from 2008 to 2020.
Keun Lee is Distinguished Professor at Seoul National University in the Republic of Korea. He is a Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR). He serves as an editor of Research Policy and is a regular writer for Project Syndicate. He won the 2014 Schumpeter Prize, the 2019 Kapp Prize from the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy, and the EBES Fellow Award 2023 from the Eurasia Business and Economics Society. He served as the President of the International Schumpeter Society. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley.
Peter K. Yu is Regents Professor of Law and Communication and Director of the Center for Law and Intellectual Property at Texas A&M University in the United States. The university recently awarded him the title of University Distinguished Professor, its highest faculty award. Born and raised in Hong Kong, he previously held the Kern Family Chair in Intellectual Property Law at Drake University Law School and was Wenlan Scholar Chair Professor at Zhongnan University of Economics and Law in Wuhan, China. He served as a visiting professor of law at Bocconi University, Hanken School of Economics, Hokkaido University, Tel Aviv University, the University of Haifa, the University of Helsinki, the University of Hong Kong, and the University of Strasbourg.
Contributors
Frederick M. Abbott is Edward Ball Eminent Scholar Professor of Law at Florida State University College of Law in the United States. He has served as expert consultant or legal representative for international and regional organizations, governments, and nongovernmental organizations, mainly in the fields of intellectual property, public health, technology transfer, competition, trade, and sustainable development. The author of many books and articles, he chairs the Technical Advisory Group on Local Production and Technology Transfer (TAG) of the World Health Organization (WHO). He also serves as a consultant to the WIPO Global Challenges Division and the U.N. Development Programme and as co-chair of the Committee on Global Health Law of the International Law Association. In addition, he has served as counsel to governments in dispute settlement proceedings at the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as in national court proceedings. He sits on the editorial board of the WIPO–WTO Colloquium Series. More information about him is available on his website, frederickabbott.com.
Flor Brown is a professor at the Graduate Faculty of Accounting and Business Economics at Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro in Mexico. A Level III member of the Mexican National System of Researchers (SNI), she has published thirteen books, nearly fifty articles in academic journals, and thirty book chapters. Her research has dealt with industrial organization, technical change, productivity, economics of gender, and labor transitions. Among her recent publications are “Do Male and Female Labor Market Transition Patterns Differ in Mexico?” “Innovative Factors Affecting the Diffusion of the New Nanotechnology Paradigm, 1983–2013,” and “Objective and Subjective Variables behind the Working Conditions of Tertiary-Educated Mexican Migrants in the USA.” She holds a Ph.D. in Economics from Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.
Thomas Cottier is Professor Emeritus of European and International Economic Law at the University of Bern in Switzerland. He is the founder and was the managing director and a senior research fellow of the World Trade Institute, where he served from 1993 to 2015. He was a legal advisor to the Swiss Department of Foreign Economic Affairs and the Deputy Director General of the Swiss Intellectual Property Office at the Department of Justice. He served on the Swiss negotiating team of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, including as the chief negotiator on the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. He has been a frequent member or chair of panels established at the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the WTO and currently sits in the pool of appeal arbitrators under the WTO’s Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement. His main research interests are in international economic law (including intellectual property), general principles of law (in particular, the functions of equity), constitutional theory of international law, and multi-level governance.
Marliese Dalton is a recent graduate of the University of Virginia School of Law in the United States. After graduation, she clerked for Judge John K. Bush of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit and Judge Mark S. Davis of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia.
Rochelle C. Dreyfuss is Pauline Newman Professor of Law Emerita at New York University School of Law. She is a member of the American Law Institute and a co-reporter for its project on “Intellectual Property: Principles Governing Jurisdiction, Choice of Law, and Judgments in Transnational Dispute.” She clerked for Judge Wilfred Feinberg of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and Chief Justice Warren Burger of the U.S. Supreme Court. She served or consulted on the National Academies’ Committee on Science, Technology, and Law; the Department of Health and Human Services’ Advisory Committee on Genetics, Health, and Society; the Federal Courts Study Committee; and the Presidential Commission on Catastrophic Nuclear Accidents. She co-authored A Neofederalist Vision of TRIPS: The Resilience of the International Intellectual Property Regime (Oxford University Press, 2012) with Professor Graeme Dinwoodie. She co-edited Balancing Wealth and Health: The Battle Over Intellectual Property and Access to Medicines in Latin America (Oxford University Press, 2014) with Professor César Rodríguez-Garavito and The Oxford Handbook of Intellectual Property Law (Oxford University Press, 2017) with Professor Justine Pila.
Carsten Fink is the Chief Economist of WIPO. Before joining the organization, he was Professor of International Economics at the University of St. Gallen. He also held the positions of Visiting Professor at the Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques (Sciences Po) in Paris and Visiting Senior Fellow at the Group d’Economie Mondiale, a research institute at Sciences Po. Prior to his academic appointments, he worked for more than ten years at the World Bank. His research, which focuses on intellectual property, innovation, and international trade, has been published in academic journals and books. He holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Heidelberg in Germany and an M.S. in Economics from the University of Oregon.
Alenka Guzmán is a full-time research professor in the Department of Economics at Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa in Mexico. She teaches in the Master’s and Doctorate in Social Studies – in the Social Economy Line (Social Innovation Laboratory) – and the Integrated Program for Master’s and Doctorate in Economic Sciences. She has supervised theses in both programs. A Level II member of the SNI, she has published books, articles in refereed and indexed academic journals, and book chapters. Her work focuses on innovation, intellectual property, productivity and competitiveness, and economic growth, particularly in relation to the steel, pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, and nanotechnology sectors. She has presented papers at national and international conferences and is currently developing research projects relating to intellectual property, sectoral innovation, technological specialization and economic growth between countries, and Latin American scientific migration (including gender issues). She earned her Ph.D. in Industrial Economics from Sorbonne Nouvelle University (Paris III) in 1999.
George B. Haringhuizen is a consultant in medical and public health law to governments, international organizations, and academic research projects. From 2001 to 2006, he led the task force for revising the Dutch national infrastructure for infectious disease control. He co-drafted the Dutch Public Health Act (2008) and was responsible for the legal implementation of the International Health Regulations in the Netherlands and the Caribbean Overseas Territories. Until mid-2023, he was chief legal advisor to the director of the Dutch National Center for Infectious Disease Control at Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), with which he is still affiliated. Since 2022, he has been a member of the International Health Regulations’ Review Committee of the WHO. He published on law and infectious disease control, European comparative public health law, and privacy and global data sharing. He received an M.A. in Behavioral Sciences from the University of Amsterdam in 1983 and an LL.M from the Open University of the Netherlands in 2001.
Lital Helman is Senior Lecturer at the Ono Academic College Faculty of Law in Israel. Her research focuses on intellectual property law and law and technology. At the Israeli Ministry of Justice, she is responsible for developing intellectual property and law-and-technology policies. She is the co-founder and board member of GradTrain.com, an artificial intelligence–driven platform for international students worldwide. She holds an S.J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania Law School, which she pursued as a J. William Fulbright scholar. She also served as a Fellow with the Kernochan Center for Law, Media and the Arts at Columbia Law School and the Engelberg Center on Innovation Law and Policy at New York University School of Law.
Yotam Kaplan is Professor of Law at the Faculty of Law of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel. His research focuses on private law remedies and the law of unjust enrichment. He was awarded a European Research Council grant to explore the use of unjust enrichment doctrine as a vehicle for public interest litigation and as a governance mechanism for addressing broad societal issues. This project investigates contemporary crises, including climate change, the opioid pandemic, and the proliferation of disinformation online. His work on these topics has been published in or are forthcoming from leading journals, such as the Cornell Law Review, the Georgetown Law Journal, the Vanderbilt Law Review, and the Journal of Legal Studies. His work has been recognized with numerous awards and research grants, including the Polonsky Prize for Best Tort Law Article from Tel Aviv University, the Outstanding Lecturer Award and the Junior Scholar Cheshin Award for Academic Excellence in the Field of Law from Bar Ilan University, and grants from the Israel Science Foundation and the German Israel Foundation. He received his S.J.D. from Harvard Law School and clerked for Chief Justice Dorit Beinish of the Israeli Supreme Court.
Miriam Marcowitz-Bitton is a full professor at Bar Ilan University Faculty of Law in Israel. She teaches and writes in the fields of intellectual property law, property, and law and technology. Her recent work deals with the gender gap in intellectual property law. She graduated from the University of Michigan Law School and was a Microsoft research fellow at UC Berkeley School of Law.
Keith E. Maskus is Arts and Sciences Professor of Distinction in Economics at the University of Colorado, Boulder, in the United States. He was Chief Economist of the U.S. Department of State from 2016 to 2017 and a Lead Economist at the World Bank from 2001 to 2002. He is a Research Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics and a consultant for international organizations. He has written extensively about various aspects of intellectual property rights, international trade and investment, and technology. His most recent book is Private Rights and Public Problems: The Global Economics of Intellectual Property in the 21st Century (Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2012).
Emily Michiko Morris holds the David L. Brennan Endowed Chair and is Associate Director of the Center for Intellectual Property Law and Technology at the University of Akron School of Law in the United States. She is also Senior Fellow of Life Sciences at the Center for Intellectual Property x Innovation Policy at George Mason University. She specializes in patent law, particularly as it relates to biotechnology and university research. She is also an expert on intellectual property and regulatory issues related to the pharmaceutical industry. Her research focuses on comparative law and comparative intellectual property law. She has published book chapters and articles in leading journals, including the Connecticut Law Review, the Stanford Technology Law Review, and the Harvard Journal of Gender and Law. She clerked for Judge Bruce M. Selya of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit and practiced for three years as an associate in the Issue and Appeals Group in the Washington, DC, office of Jones Day. She holds an A.B. from Harvard University and a J.D. from the University of Michigan.
Ernest Miguelez is a research scientist at the Institute of Public Goods and Policies (IPP) at the Spanish National Research Council (CISC). Before joining the Council in 2023, he worked as a tenured scientist at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), attached to the Bordeaux School of Economics at the University of Bordeaux. His research interests cover economic geography, innovation economics, migration, intellectual property, and, more recently, the diffusion or adoption of green technologies and products.
Dotan Oliar is Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law in the United States. His research focuses on how the law affects what people create. He teaches intellectual property law, entrepreneurship, art law, Internet law, and law and economics. He writes on these topics and their intersection with empirical and behavioral methods, legal history, property theory, and technological progress. His academic articles were published in major legal journals and covered a wide variety of topics, including first possession in intellectual property law, copyright registrations at the U.S. Copyright Office, the interaction between expressive creativity and technological change, the scope of Congress’s intellectual property power under the U.S. Constitution, and social norms concerning joke ownership among standup comedians. He earned his S.J.D. from Harvard Law School and M.A. in Economics from the University of Virginia. He is admitted to practice law in New York and Israel.
Julio Raffo is the Head of the Innovation Economy Section of the Department for Economics and Data Analytics at WIPO. Before joining WIPO, he conducted research at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland, the Institut Français des Relations Internationales (IFRI) in France, the Pan-American Health Organization in the United States, and the Red Iberoamericana/Interamericana de Indicadores de Ciencia y Tecnología (RICYT). He holds a bachelor’s degree in Economics from the University of Buenos Aires, a master’s degree in Industrial Organization, Innovations and International Strategy, and a Ph.D. in Economics from the Université de Paris Nord. His main research interests are in the economics and metrics of innovation and intellectual property, with a particular focus on their intersection with socioeconomic development.
Jerome H. Reichman is Bunyan S. Womble Professor of Law Emeritus and the Co-Director of the Center for the Study of the Public Domain at Duke University School of Law in the United States. He previously taught at Vanderbilt Law School and Ohio State University College of Law, after a Fulbright Scholarship to India in 1958. From 1976 to 1979, he was Senior Editor at the Directorate of Operations in the International Trade Center (U.N. Conference on Trade and Development/General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). He currently serves on the Editorial Advisory Board of the Journal of International Economic Law. He was a consultant to the National Academy of Sciences Panel to Improve the Transfer of Technology from Federal Laboratories (2019–2021); a member of the Board of Advisors of the Center for Transnational Intellectual Property, Media and Technology Law and Policy at Bucerius Law School in Hamburg, Germany; and a Lecturer at the WIPO LL.M. in Intellectual Property Program in Turin, Italy. At Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, he served on the Steering Committee for the Declaration on Basic Principles of International Patent Law (2011–2016) and the Advisory Committee on Drafting an International Instrument on Permitted Uses of Copyright Law (2013–2016). He has published more than eighty articles. In 2019, his life’s work was celebrated at a conference at Harvard Law School featuring distinguished intellectual property scholars. He received his J.D. from Yale Law School, where he served as a comment editor of the Yale Law Journal.
Carolina dos S. Ribeiro has been a senior policy advisor at the Dutch National Centre for Infectious Disease Control at RIVM since 2016. She combines policy analysis with scientific research and has participated in international projects. As a member of the Dutch delegation, she negotiated at international fora, such as the WHO and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Her main field of work is global health security, more specifically related to multi-stakeholder collaboration and the sharing of outbreak-related resources, such as data, materials, and countermeasures. Her research covers topics such as ethical, legal, governance, and economic aspects of international collaboration and sharing, including initiatives such as the One Health approach. She received her Ph.D. cum laude from the Athena Institute at the Faculty of Sciences of Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands in 2022. Her dissertation is entitled “Global Health Security, Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration, and Pathogen Sharing: Building a New Microbial Commons.” She holds a Master of Science in Global Health from Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in 2016 and a bachelor’s degree in veterinary medicine (BVetMed) from the Federal University of Goiás (UFG) in Brazil in 2010.
Paul F. Uhlir is a consultant in information policy and management to governments, international organizations, and universities. He founded the Board on Research Data and Information at the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in Washington, DC, which he directed from 2008 to 2015. Since joining the NAS in 1985, he has served as a senior staff officer for the Space Studies Board, where he worked on solar system exploration and environmental remote sensing studies for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). He then served as Associate Executive Director of the Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications. He directed the Office of International Scientific and Technical Information for eight years after that. Before joining the NAS, he worked in the General Counsel’s Office at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce. He has written numerous books and articles and speaks worldwide on data issues. He holds a J.D. and an M.A. in International Relations from the University of San Diego. More information about his professional activities is available on his website, www.paulfuhlir.com.
Shlomit Yanisky-Ravid is the Founder and Head of the graduate law program for “law and technology” at Ono Academic College Faculty of Law in Israel, where she also directs the Shalom Comparative Legal Research Institute Eliyahu Law and Tech Center. An authority in intellectual property and artificial intelligence (AI), she specializes in intricate challenges posed by AI, cyberspace, and privacy. She has been a visiting professor at Fordham University School of Law since 2012 and has been affiliated with the Information Society Project at Yale Law School since 2011. At an event organized by the Copyright Society of the U.S.A., Judge Katherine Forrest lauded her as the foremost thinker on AI and copyright. She contributed to the international project for securing recognition of the AI system “DABUS” as an inventor by patent offices, led by Professor Ryan Abbott. She recently authored a Supreme Court amicus brief in the case of Thaler v. Vidal, supported by distinguished professors, including Professor Lawrence Lessig of Harvard Law School. The influence of her numerous publications on AI and intellectual property has extended to top academic institutions and international bodies like WIPO. She holds a Ph.D. from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Lior Zemer is Dean and Professor of Law at Harry Radzyner School of Law, Reichman University (IDC) in Herzliya, Israel. He is the founder and director of the M.A. Program in Law, Technology and Business Innovation, an innovative and multidisciplinary program bridging law, science, technology, and business innovation for both law and non-law graduates. He held academic positions at the faculties of law of the University of Leicester, the University of Birmingham, and University College London and visiting professorships at Osgoode Hall Law School, York University in Toronto, and Boston University School of Law. Prior to joining legal academia, he served as an assistant lawyer to Judge J.D. Cooke at the European Court of First Instance and Judge S. von Bahr at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. His scholarship focuses on intellectual property, jurisprudence, and European Union Law. He is the author of The Idea of Authorship in Copyright (Ashgate 2007), arguing for a more inclusive approach to the public in the creative process. He has published several edited collections in the field of intellectual property and numerous articles in leading law reviews, including the Georgetown Law Journal, the Boston University Law Review, the Utah Law Review, and Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy. He has supervised numerous Ph.D. and LL.M. students in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Israel.
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