Hostname: page-component-669899f699-qzcqf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-26T20:59:42.030Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Annotated checklist and community composition of introduced, cryptogenic, and native polychaetes in floating dock communities of New England, USA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 November 2024

Andrew A. Davinack Open the ORCID record for Andrew A. Davinack [Opens in a new window] ,
James T. Carlton  and
Judith Pederson
Andrew A. Davinack*
Affiliation:
Biology Department, Wheaton College Massachusetts, Norton, MA, USA
James T. Carlton
Affiliation:
Williams College – Mystic Seaport, Coastal and Ocean Studies Program, Mystic, CT, USA
Judith Pederson
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sea Grant, Cambridge, MA, USA
*
Corresponding author: Andrew A. Davinack; Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study presents the first comprehensive annotated checklist of polychaetes collected from floating dock communities across New England and adjacent New York areas, emphasizing the significance of rapid biodiversity assessment surveys in understanding marine biodiversity. With 61% of the identified species classified as cryptogenic, the research highlights the complexity of marine biogeography and the challenges of distinguishing between native and non-native species. The incorporation of DNA barcoding has significantly improved species identification and revealed the presence of cryptic species complexes. The study's findings illustrate the prevalence of tubicolous families (Spionidae, Serpulidae, Sabellidae, and Terebelllidae) that are susceptible to anthropogenic dispersal mechanisms. It also addresses the challenge posed by the high proportion of cryptogenic species, calling for enhanced taxonomic and genetic analyses to resolve their origins and ecological roles. Despite the temporal variation in polychaete composition across years, the absence of distinct community assemblages suggests a level of resilience within floating dock communities. Our study advocates for the continuation and expansion of rapid assessment surveys, coupled with the integration of genetic methodologies, to provide a clearer picture of marine biodiversity.

Keywords

AnnelidabarcodingbiofoulingDNAinvasions
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 104 , 2024 , e103
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Abdelnaby, FA (2019) Polychaetes from Suez Gulf (Gabel El Zeit), Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries 24, 47–68.Google Scholar
Alvarez-Campos, P, Giribet, G and Riesgo, A (2017) The Syllis gracilis species complex: a molecular approach to a difficult taxonomic problem (Annelida, Syllidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 109, 138–150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arenas, F, Bishop, JDD, Carlton, JT, Dyrynda, PJ, Farnham, WF, Gonzalez, DJ, Jacobs, MW, Lambert, C, Lambert, G, Nielsen, SE, Pederson, JA, Porter, JS, Ward, S and Wood, CA (2006) Alien species and other notable records from a rapid assessment survey of marinas on the south coast of England. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, 1329–1337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashton, G, Boos, K, Shucksmith, R and Cook, E (2006) Rapid assessment of the distribution of marine non-native species in marinas in Scotland. Aquatic Invasions 1, 209–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakalem, A, Gillet, P, Pezy, J-P and Dauvin, J-C (2020) Inventory and the biogeographical affinities of Annelida Polychaeta in the Algerian coastline (Western Mediterranean). Mediterranean Marine Science 21, 157–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakken, T and Wilson, RS (2005) Phylogeny of nereidids (Polychaeta, Nereididae) with paragnaths. Zoologica Scripta 34, 507–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnich, R and Fiege, D (2009) Revision of the genus Harmothoe Kinberg, 1856 (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) in the Northeast Atlantic. Zootaxa 2104, 1–76.Google Scholar
Bastida-Zavala, R, McCann, LD, Keppel, E and Ruiz, GM (2017) The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview. European Journal of Taxonomy 344, 1–76.Google Scholar
Bellan, G (2001) Polychaeta, in: Costello MJ et al. (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50, 214–231.Google Scholar
Blake, JA (1969) Reproduction and larval development of Polydora from northern New England (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Ophelia 7, 1–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blake, JA (1971) Revision of the genus Polydora from the east coast of North America (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 71, 1–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blake, JA (2015) New species of Chaetozone and Tharyx (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae) from the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic and the Northeastern Pacific, including a description of the lectotype of Chaetozone setosa Malmgren from Spitsbergen in the Norwegian Arctic. Zootaxa 3919, 501–552.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blake, JA (2021) New species and records of Orbiniidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 4930, 1–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blake, JA and Göransson, P (2015) Redescription of Tharyx killariensis (Southern) from Ireland and description of two new species of Tharyx from the Kattegat, Sweden (Polychaeta, Cirratulidae). Zootaxa 4039, 501–515.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blake, JA, Grassle, JP and Eckelbarger, KJ (2009) Capitella teleta, a new species designation for the opportunistic and experimental Capitella sp. I, with a review of the literature for confirmed records. Zoosymposia 2, 25–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bock, MJ and Miller, DC (1997) Particle-bound organic matter as a cue for suspension feeding in tentaculate polychaetes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 215, 65–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonse, S, Schmidt, H, Eibye-Jacobsen, D and Westheide, W (1996) Eulalia viridis (Polychaeta: Phyllodocidae) is a complex of two species in northern Europe: results from biochemical and morphological analyses. Cahiers Biologie de Marine 37, 33–48.Google Scholar
Bosc, LAG (1802) Histoire Naturelle des Vers: contenant leur description et leurs moeurs, avec figures dessinées d'après nature. Guilleminet, Paris: chez Deterville.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunel, P, Bosse, L and Lamarche, G (1998) Catalogue of the marine invertebrates of the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 126, 47–55.Google Scholar
Carlton, JT (1996) Biological invasions and cryptogenic species. Ecology 77, 1653–1655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, CM, Hardy, SM, Brown, TM, Macdonald, TA and Herbert, PDN (2011) A tri-oceanic perspective: DNA barcoding reveals geographic structure and cryptic diversity in Canadian polychaetes. PLoS ONE 6, e22232.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Catalano, B, Moltedo, G, Martuccio, G, Gastaldi, L, Virno-Lamberti, C, Lauria, A and Ausili, A (2012) Can Hediste diversicolor (Nereidae, Polychaete) be considered a good candidate for evaluating PAH contamination? A multimarker approach. Chemosphere 86, 875–882.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christie, H, Jørgensen, NM, Norderhaug, KM and Waage-Nielsen, E (2003) Species distribution and habitat exploitation of fauna associated with kelp (Laminaria hyperborea) along the Norwegian Coast. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, 687–699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claparède, ARÉ (1863) Beobachtungen über Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte wirbelloser Thiere: an der Küste von Normandie angestellt. Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann.Google Scholar
Cohen, A and Carlton, JT (1995) Biological Study. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in a United States Estuary: A Case Study of the Biological Invasions of the San Francisco Bay and Delta. A Report for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC, and The National Sea Grant College Program, Connecticut Sea Grant, NTIS Report Number PB96-166525, 246pp.Google Scholar
Curtis, LA (1975) Distribution of Sabellaria vulgaris Verrill (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) on a sandflat in Delaware Bay. Chesapeake Science 16, 14–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalyell, JG (1853) The Powers of the Creator Displayed in the Creation: or, Observations on Life Amidst the Various Forms of the Humbler Tribes of Animated Nature: with Practical Comments and Illustrations, Volume II. London: John van Voorst, Paternoster Row, 359pp.Google Scholar
Darling, JA and Carlton, JT (2018) A framework for understanding marine cosmopolitanism in the Anthropocene. Frontiers in Marine Science 5, 293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dauer, DM (2000) Functional morphology and feeding behavior of Spio setosa (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Bulletin of Marine Science 67, 269–275.Google Scholar
Dauvin, J-C, Dewarumez, J-M and Gentil, F (2003) Liste actualisée des espèces d'Annélides Polychètes présentes en Manche [An up to date list of polychaetous annelids from the English Channel]. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 44, 67–95.Google Scholar
David, AA and Cahill, J (2020) Tri-oceanic connectivity of the supposedly cosmopolitan polychaete, Harmothoe imbricata (Annelida: Polynoidae): insights from the COI marker. Marine Biology Research 16, 256–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, AA and Krick, M (2019) DNA barcoding of polychaetes collected during the 2018 Rapid Assessment Survey of floating dock communities from New England. Marine Biology Research 15, 317–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, AA and Williams, JD (2012) Morphology and natural history of the cryptogenic sponge associate Polydora colonia Moore, 1907 (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Journal of Natural History 46, 1509–1528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, AA, Williams, JD and Simon, CA (2021) A new record of a cryptogenic Dipolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in South Africa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 101, 271–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davinack, AA, Strong, M and Brennessel, B (2024) Worms on the Cape: an integrative survey of polydorid infestation in wild and cultivated oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from Massachusetts, USA. Aquaculture 581, 740366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davoult, D, Dewarumez, J-M, Luczak, C and Migné, A (1999) Nouvelles signalisations d'espèces benthiques sur les côtes françaises de la Manche orientale et de la Mer du Nord [New reports of benthic species from the French coasts of the eastern English Channel and the North Sea]. Cahiers Biologie de Marine 40, 121–127.Google Scholar
Day, JH (1967) A Monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Part 1 Errantia. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History).Google Scholar
de Matos Nogueira, JM (2008) Review of some terebelliform polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebelliformia) at the Yale Peabody Museum. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 49, 209–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fauchald, K (1977) Polychaetes from intertidal areas in Panama, with a review of previous shallow-water records. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 221, 1–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Felder, DL and Camp, DK (2009) Gulf of Mexico: Origin, Waters, and Biota. Volume 1, Biodiversity. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 1393pp.Google Scholar
Fernandez-Romero, A, Moreira, J and Guerra-Garcia, JM (2019) Marinas: an overlooked habitat for exploring the relation among polychaete assemblages and environmental factors. Marine Pollution Bulletin 138, 584–597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foster, NM (1971) Spionidae (Polychaeta) of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 36, 1–183.Google Scholar
Gibson, PH (2015) Augmented descriptions and nomenclature of the cirratulid polychaetes Dodecaceria fimbriata and D. concharum. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, 697–702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glasby, CJ, Read, GB, Lee, KE, Blakemore, RJ, Fraser, PM, Pinder, AM, Erséus, C, Moser, WE, Burreson, EM, Govedich, FR, Davies, RW and Dawson, EW (2009) Phylum Annelida: bristleworms, earthworms, leeches. [Book chapter]. Chapt 17. In Gordon, DP (ed.), New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Christchurch: Canterbury University Press, pp. 312–358.Google Scholar
Gobin, J (1990) A checklist of marine polychaetous annelids (Polychaeta) for the Gulf of Paria, Trinidad, West Indies. Caribbean Marine Studies 1, 37–47.Google Scholar
Gouillieux, B, Masse, C, Derrien-Courtel, S, Bachelet, G and Lavesque, N (2022) A non-indigenous annelid (Polydora colonia) in an invasive sponge (Celtodoryx ciocalyptoides): double penalty in Arcachon Bay (NE Atlantic). Cahiers Biologie de Marine 63, 29–38.Google Scholar
Grube, AE (1840) Actinien, Echinodermen und Würmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. Königsberg: J.H. Bon, 92pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunton, LM, Zhang, W, Kupriyanova, EK and Hutchings, PA (2023) New species of Melinna (Melinnidae, Annelida) from the Australian Abyss with comments on M. albicincta, M. cristata and M. elisabethae. Records of the Australian Museum 75, 125–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamond, R (2002) The Norfolk marine fauna, past and present presidential address delivered to the society in October 2001. Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists’ Society 35, 1–23.Google Scholar
Hansen, DJ, Mahony, JD, Berry, WJ, Benyi, SJ, Corbin, JM, Pratt, SD, Di Toro, DM and Abel, MB (1996) Chronic effect of cadmium in sediments on colonization by benthic marine organisms: an evaluation of the role of interstitial cadmium and acid-volatile sulfide in biological availability. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15, 2126–2137.Google Scholar
Hartman, O (1951) The literal marine annelids of the Gulf of Mexico. Publication of the Institute of Marine Science, Port Aransas, Texas 2, 7–124.Google Scholar
Hartman, O (1959) Catalogue of the polychaetous annelids of the world. Parts 1 and 2. Allan Hancock Foundation Occasional Paper 23, 1–628.Google Scholar
Hartman, O (1969) Atlas of the Sedentariate Polychaetous Annelids from California. Los Angeles, CA: California Allan Hancock Foundation University of Southern California, 812pp.Google Scholar
Hartmann-Schröder, G (1996) Annelida, Borstenwürmer, Polychaeta [Annelida, bristleworms, Polychaeta]. 2nd revised ed. The fauna of Germany and adjacent seas with their characteristics and ecology, 58. Gustav Fischer: Jena, Germany. ISBN 3-437-35038-2. 648pp.Google Scholar
Haydar, D and Wolff, WJ (2011) Predicting invasion patterns in coastal ecosystems: relationship between vector strength and vector tempo. Marine Ecology Progress Series 431, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayward, PJ and Ryland, JS (1990) The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and Protozoans to Arthropods. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 627pp.Google Scholar
Hentschel, BT and Herrick, BS (2005) Growth rates of interface-feeding spionid polychaetes in simulated tidal currents. Journal of Marine Research 63, 983–999. https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/journal_of_marine_research/109CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilbig, B and Blake, JA (2000) Long-term analysis of polychaete-dominated benthic infaunal communities in Massachusetts Bay, USA. Bulletin of Marine Science 67, 147–164.Google Scholar
Holly, M (1938) Polychaeten aus der Nordsee [Polychaetes from the North Sea]. Bulletin du Musee royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique 14, 1–24.Google Scholar
Holthe, T (1986) Evolution, systematics, and distribution of the Polychaeta Terebellomorpha, with a catalogue of the taxa and a bibliography. Gunneria 55, 1–236.Google Scholar
Hutchings, P and Kupriyanova, E (2018) Cosmopolitan polychaetes – fact or fiction? Personal and historical perspectives. Invertebrate Systematics 32, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imajima, M (1961) Polychaetous annelids collected off the west coast of Kamchatka–I. Notes on species found in the collection of 1957–1958. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 9, 81–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jirkov, IA (2020) Review of the European Amphitrite (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) with description of two new species. Invertebrate Zoology 17, 311–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jørgensen, LL and Gulliksen, B (2001) Rocky bottom fauna in arctic Kongsfjord (Svalbard) studied by means of suction sampling and photography. Polar Biology 24, 113–121.Google Scholar
Kara, J, Santos, CSG, Macdonald, AHH and Simon, CA (2020) Resolving the taxonomic identities and genetic structure of two cryptic Platynereis Kinberg species from South Africa. Invertebrate Systematics 34, 618–636.Google Scholar
Kennedy, C, Pappal, AL, Carlton, JT, David, AA, Dijkstra, JA, Duffey, S, Gibson, J, Grady, SP, Green-Gavrielidis, LA, Harris, LG, Hobbs, N-V, Mauk, A, McCuller, MI, Neefus, C, O'Brien, B, Osborne, K, Pederson, J, Robidoux, J, Tyler, M and Van Volkom, K (2020) Report on the 2018 Rapid Assessment Survey of Introduced, Cryptogenic and Native Marine Species at New England Marinas: Massachusetts to Maine. Boston, MA: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, Office of Coastal Zone Management, 30pp.Google Scholar
Kennish, MJ (2001) Benthic communities of the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor estuary. Journal of Coastal Research 32, 167–177.Google Scholar
Kholia, BS and Fraser-Jenkins, CR (2011) Misidentification makes scientific publications worthless – save our taxonomy and taxonomists. Current Science 100, 458–461.Google Scholar
Kinner, P and Maurer, D (1971) Polychaetous annelids of the Delaware Bay region. Fishery Bulletin 76, 209.Google Scholar
Knight-Jones, P, Knight-Jones, EW and Kawahara, T (1975) A review of the genus Janua, including Dexiospira (Polychaeta: Spirorbidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 56, 91–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lana, PC (1984) Anelídeos poliquetas errantes do litoral do Estado do Paraná (PhD thesis). Instituto ceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 275pp.Google Scholar
Langeneck, J, Scarpa, F, Maltagliati, F, Sanna, D, Barbieri, M, Cossu, P, Mikac, B, Curini-Galletti, M, Castelli, A and Casu, M (2020) A complex species complex: the controversial role of ecology and biogeography in the evolutionary history of Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840 (Annelida, Syllidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58, 66–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linnaeus, C (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linnaeus, C (1767) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 12. 1., Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. Holmiae [Stockholm], Laurentii Salvii.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loosanoff, VL and Engle, JB (1943) Polydora in oysters suspended in the water. Biological Bulletin Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole 85, 69–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lopez, G, Carey, D, Carlton, JT, Cerrato, R, Dam, H, DiGiovanni, R, Elphick, C, Frisk M, Gobler C, Hice L, Howell P, Jordaan A, Lin S, Liu S, Lonsdale D, McEnroe M, McKown K, McManus G, Orson R, Peterson B, Pickerell C, Rozsa R, Shumway SE, Siuda A, Streich K, Talmage S, Taylor G, Thomas E, Van Patten M, Vaudrey J, Yarish C, Wikfors G and Zajac R (2014) Biology and ecology of Long Island sound. In Latimer JS, Tedesco MA, Swanson RL, Yarish C, Stacey PE and Garza C (eds.), Long Island Sound. New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Maciolek, NJ (1990) A redescription of some species belonging to the genera Spio and Microspio (Polychaeta: Annelida) and descriptions of three new species from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Natural History 24, 1109–1141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magalhães, WF, de Oliveira, VM and Bailey-Brock, JH (2022) Redescription of two Phyllodoce (Annelida: Phyllodocidae) species from Hawaii. Marine Biology Research 18, 409–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahon, AR, Mahon, HK, Dauer, DM and Halanych, KM (2009) Discrete genetic boundaries of three Streblospio (Spionidae, Annelida) species and the status of S. shrubsolii. Marine Biology Research 5, 172–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malmgren, JA (1865) Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. [part one of three]. Öfversigt af Königlich Vetenskapsakademiens förhandlingar, Stockholm 22, 51–110.Google Scholar
Maltagliati, F, Peru, AP, Casu, M, Rossi, F, Lardicci, C, Curini-Galletti, M and Castelli, A (2000) Is Syllis gracilis (Polychaeta: Spionidae) a species complex? An allozyme perspective. Marine Biology 136, 871–879.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mark, S, Provencher, L, Albert, E and Nozères, C (2010) Cadre de suivi écologique de la zone de protection marine Manicouagan (Québec): bilan des connaissances et identification des composantes écologiques à suivre. Rapp. tech. can. sci. halieut. aquat. 2914.Google Scholar
Martinelli, JC, Considine, M, Casendino, HR, Tarpey, CM, Jimenez-Hidalgo, I, Padilla-Gamino, JL, King, TL, Hauser, L, Rumrill, S and Wood, CL (2024) Infestation of cultivated Pacific oysters by shell-boring polychaetes along the US West Coast: prevalence is associated with season, culture method, and pH. Aquaculture 580, 740290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathieson, AC, Pederson, JR, Neefus, CD, Dawes, CJ and Bray, TL (2008) Multiple assessments of introduced seaweeds in the Northwest Atlantic. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, 730–741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClain, C (2011) The mass extinction of scientists who study species. Reptiles & Amphibians 18, 39–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrail, O (2023) Unraveling a potential cryptic species complex of Polydora colonia and Polydora spongicola through morphology and DNA barcoding (Senior Honors thesis). Norton, MA: Wheaton College Massachusetts, 47pp.Google Scholar
McIntyre, CM, Pappal, AL, Bryant, J, Carlton, JT, Cute, K, Dijkstra, J, Erickson, R, Garner, Y, Gittenberger, A, Grady, SP, Haram, L, Harris, L, Hobbs, NV, Lambert, CC, Lambert, G, Lambert, WJ, Marques, AC, Mathieson, AC, McCuller, M, Mickiewicz, M, Pederson, J, Rock-Blake, R, Smith, JP, Sorte, C, Stefaniak, L and Wagstaff, M (2013) Report on the 2010 Rapid Assessment Survey of Marine Species at New England Floating Docks and Rocky Shores. Boston, MA: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, Office of Coastal Zone Management, 35pp.Google Scholar
Miloslavich, P, Diaz, JM, Klein, E, Alvarado, JJ, Diaz, C, Gobin, J, Escobar-Briones, E, Cruz-Motta, JJ, Weil, E, Cortes, J, Bastidas, A, Robertson, R, Zapata, F, Martin, A, Castillo, J, Kazandjian, A and Ortiz, M (2010) Marine biodiversity in the Caribbean: regional estimates and distribution patterns. PLoS one 5, e11916.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moltedo, G, Martuccio, G, Catalano, B, Gastaldi, L, Maggi, C, Virno-Lamberti, C and Cicero, AM (2019) Biological responses of the polychaetae Hediste diversicolor (O.F. Muller, 1776) to inorganic mercury exposure: a multimarker approach. Chemosphere 219, 989–996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montagu, G (1803) Testacea Britannica or natural history of British shells, marine, land, and fresh-water, including the most minute: Systematically arranged and embellished with figures. J. White, London, Vol. 1, xxxvii + 291pp, Vol. 2, pp. 293–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, JP (1907) Descriptions of new species of spioniform annelids. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 59, 195–207, plates XV–XVI.Google Scholar
Müller, OF (1774) Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Helminthica 1–72.Google Scholar
Müller, OF (1776) Zoologiae Danicae prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum: characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. Havni, Copenhagen: Typis Hallagerii.Google Scholar
Müller, OF (1788) Zoologia Danica seu animalium Daniae et Norvegiae rariorum ac minus notorum descriptiones et historia. Volumen secundum: pp. [1–3], 1–56, pls. 41–80. Havniae [Copenhague], N. Möller.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musco, L and Giangrande, A (2005) Mediterranean Syllidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) revisited: biogeography, diversity and species fidelity to environmental features. Marine Ecology Progress Series 304, 143–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nall, CR, Guerin, AJ and Cook, EJ (2015) Rapid assessment of marine non-native species in northern Scotland and a synthesis of existing Scottish records. Aquatic Invasions 10, 107–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nascimento, RL, Fukuda, MV, Paresque, K, Nogueira, JMDM and Paiva, PCD (2021) A synopsis of Salvatoria McIntosh, 1885 (Annelida: Syllidae: Exogoninae) from Brazilian coastal and oceanic waters. PLoS ONE 16, e0250472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nygren, A (2014) Cryptic polychaete diversity: a review. Zoologica Scripta 43, 172–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nygren, A, Eklöf, J and Pleijel, F (2009) Arctic-boreal sibling species of Paranaitis (Polychaeta, Phyllodocidae). Marine Biology Research 5, 315–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nygren, A, Norlinder, E, Panova, M and Pleijel, F (2011) Colour polymorphism in the polychaete Harmothoe imbricata (Linnaeus, 1767). Marine Biology Research 7, 54–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nygren, A and Pleijel, F (2010) Redescription of Imajimaeae draculai – a rare syllid polychaete associated with the sea pen Funiculina quadrangularis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, 1441–1448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Örsted, AS (1842) Udtog af en Beskrivelse af Grönlands Annulata dorsibranchiata. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, Köbenhavn 4, 109–127.Google Scholar
Örsted, AS (1843) Annulatorum danicorum conspectus. Auctore A.S. Örsted. Fasc. I. Maricolæ. (Quæstio ab universitate Hafniensi ad solvendum proposita et proemio ornata).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Shaughnessy, KA, Lyons, D, Ashelby, CW, Counihan, R, Pears, S, Taylor, E, Davies, R and Stebbing, PD (2023) Rapid assessment of marine non-native species in Irish marinas. Management of Biological Invasions 14, 245–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pederson, J, Bullock, R, Carlton, J, Dijkstra, J, Dobroski, N, Dyrynda, P, Fisher, R, Harris, L, Hobbs, N, Lambert, C, Lazo-Wasem, E, Mathieson, A, Miglietta, A-P, Smith, J, Smith, J III and Tyrrell, M (2005) Marine Invaders in the Northeast. Rapid assessment survey of non-native and native marine species of float dock communities. August 2003. MIT Sea Grant College Program Publication No. 05-3, Cambridge, MA, 40pp.Google Scholar
Pederson, J, Carlton, JT, Bastidas, C, David, A, Grady, S, Green-Gavrielidis, L, Hobbs, N-V, Kennedy, C, Knack, J, McCuller, M, O'Brien, B, Osborne, K, Pankey, S and Trott, T (2021) 2019 rapid Assessment Survey of marine bioinvasions of southern New England and New York, USA, with an overview of new records and range expansions. BioInvasions Records 10, 227–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pernet, B and McArthur, L (2006) Feeding by larvae of two different developmental modes in Streblospio benedicti (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Marine Biology 149, 803–811.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettengill, JB, Wendt, DE, Schug, MD and Hadfield, MG (2007) Biofouling likely serves as a major mode of dispersal for the polychaete tubeworm Hydroides elegans as inferred from microsatellite loci. Biofouling 23, 161–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettibone, MH (1963) Marine polychaete worms of the New England region. I. Aphroditidae through Trochochaetidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 361pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pleijel, F (1993) Phylogeny of Phyllodoce (Polychaeta, Phyllodicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society 108, 287–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radashevsky, VI (2005) On adult and larval morphology of Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (Annelida: Spionidae). Zootaxa 1064, 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radashevsky, VI, Lana, PC and Nalesso, RC (2006) Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 1353, 1–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radashevsky, VI, Pankova, VV, Malyar, VV and Carlton, JT (2023) Boring can get so far: shell-boring Dipolydora from temperate northern Pacific, with emphasis on the global history of Dipolydora giardi (Mesnil, 1893) (Annelida: Spionidae). Biological Invasions 25, 741–772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Read, GB (2010) Comparison and history of Polydora websteri and P. haswelli (Polychaeta: Spionidae) as mud-blister worms in New Zealand shellfish. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44, 83–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, SA, Karl, S and Rice, KA (2008) The Polydora cornuta complex (Annelida: Polychaeta) contains populations that are reproductively isolated and genetically distinct. Invertebrate Zoology 127, 45–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, LN, Lindsay, S and Rawson, P (2018) Genetic homogeneity among geographically distant populations of the blister worm Polydora websteri. Aquaculture Environment Interactions 10, 437–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rizzo, AE and Salazar-Vallejo, SI (2014) Hesionidae Grube, 1850 (Annelida: Polychaeta) from South-Southeastern Brazil, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 3856, 267–291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodewald, N, Snyman, R and Simon, CA (2021) Worming its way in- Polydora websteri (Annelida: Spionidae) increases the number of non-indigenous shell-boring polydorin pests of cultured molluscs in South Africa. Zootaxa 4969, 255279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roman, J and Darling, JA (2007) Paradox lost: genetic diversity and the success of aquatic invasions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22, P454–P464.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rouse, G, Pleijel, F and Tilic, E (2022) Annelida. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
San Martín, G (2003) Annelida Polychaeta II: Syllidae. In Ramos, MA (ed.), Fauna Ibérica, Vol. 21. Madrid: Museu Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid, CSIC, p. 55.Google Scholar
Sars, M (1835) Beskrivelser og Iagttagelser over nogle moerkelige eller nye i Havet ved den Bergenske Kyst levende Dyr af Polypernes, Acalephernes, Radiaternes, Annelidernes og Molluskernes classer, med en kort Oversigt over de hidtil af Forfatteren sammesteds fundne Arter og deres Forekommen.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sars, M (1851) Beretning om i Sommeren 1849 Fortagen Zoologisk Reise i Lofoten og Finmarken. Nyt Magazin Naturvidenskaberne 6, 121–211.Google Scholar
Sars, M (1861) Om de ved Norges Kyster forekommende Arter af Annelideslaegten Polynoë. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 1860, 54–62.Google Scholar
Sato-Okoshi, W, Okoshi, K, Abe, H and Li, J-Y (2013) Polydorid species (Polychaeta, Spionidae) associated with commercially important mollusk shells from eastern China. Aquaculture 406, 153–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savigny, J-C (1822) Système des annélides, principalement de celles des côtes de l’Égypte et de la Syrie, offrant les caractères tant distinctifs que naturels des Ordres, Familles et Genres, avec la description des Espèces. Description de l’Égypte ou Recueil des Observations et des Recherches qui ont été faitesen Égypte pendant l'Expédition de l'Armée française, publié par les Ordres de sa Majésté l'Empereur Napoléon le Grand. Histoire Naturelle, Paris 1, 1–128.Google Scholar
Scaps, P (2002) A review of the biology, ecology and potential use of the common ragworm Hediste diversicolor (O.F. Muller) (Annelida: Polychaeta). Hydrobiologia 470, 203–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmarda, LK (1861) Neue Wirbellose Thiere: Beobachted und Gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erdr 1853 bis 1857. In Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden. Leipzig, Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann. Erster Band, Zweite Hälfte.Google Scholar
Schmidt, O (1857) Zur Kenntnis der Turbellaria, Rhabdocoela und einiger anderer Wuermer des Mittelmeeres. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 23, 347–366.Google Scholar
Sebens, KP (1986) Spatial relationships among encrusting marine organisms in the New England subtidal zone. Ecological Monographs 56, 73–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, MSS, Pires, A, Almeida, M and Oliveira, M (2020) The use of Hediste diversicolor in the study of emerging contaminants. Marine Environmental Research 159, 105013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, JL (1967) Reproduction and larval development of Spio setosa (Spionidae; Polychaeta). Bulletin of Marine Science 17, 398–431.Google Scholar
Simon, CA, Kara, J, Clarke, DT and Sedick, S (2022) Revisiting ‘A monograph on the Polychaeta of southern Africa’: establishing taxonomic research priorities in southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science 44, 83–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, CA and Sato-Okoshi, W (2015) Polydorid polychaetes on farmed molluscs: distribution, spread and factors contributing to their success. Aquaculture Environment Interactions 7, 147–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smyth, D and Roberts, D (2010) The European oyster (Ostrea edulis) and its epibiotic succession. Hydrobiologia 655, 25–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, Y, Wong, E, Keppel, E, Williamson, JE and Kupriyanova, EK (2017) A global invader or a complex of regionally distributed species? Clarifying the status of an invasive calcareous tubeworm Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873) (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) using DNA barcoding. Marine Biology 164, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teixeira, MAL, Langeneck, J, Vieira, PE, Hernandez, JC, Sampieri, BR, Kasapidis, P, Mucciolo, S, Bakken, T, Ravara, A, Nygren, A and Costa, FO (2022) Reappraisal of the hyperdiverse Platynereis dumerilii (Annelida: Nereididae) species complex in the Northern Atlantic, with the description of two new species. Invertebrate Systematics 36, 1017–1061.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teixeira, MAL, Vieira, PE, Fenwick, D, Langeneck, J, Pleijel, F, Sampieri, BR, Hernandez, JC, Ravara, A, Costa, FO and Nygren, A (2023) Revealing the diversity of the green Eulalia (Annelida, Phyllodocidae) species complex along the European coast, with the description of three new species. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 23, 477–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomioka, S, Kondoh, T, Sato-Okoshi, W, Ito, K, Kakui, K and Kajihara, H (2016) Cosmopolitan or cryptic species? A case study of Capitella teleta (Annelida: Capitellidae). Zoological Science 33, 545–554.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trott, TJ (2004) Cobscook Bay inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years. Northeastern Naturalist 11, 261–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verrill, AE (1873) XVIII. Report upon the invertebrate animals of Vineyard Sound and the adjacent waters, with an account of the physical characters of the region. Report on the condition of the sea fisheries of the south coast of New England [later becomes Reports of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries] 1, 295–778.Google Scholar
Verrill, AE (1874) Brief contributions to zoology from the museum of Yale College. No. XXVIII. Results of recent dredging expeditions on the coast of New England. No. 6. American Journal of Science and Arts 7, 405–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verrill, AE (1875) Brief contributions to zoology from the museum of Yale College. No. XXXIII. Results of recent dredging expeditions on the coast of New England, in 1874. American Journal of Science and Arts 10, 36–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villalobos-Guerrero, TF and Bakken, T (2018) Revision of the Alitta virens species complex (Annelida: Nereididae) from the North Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa 4483, 201–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Virgilio, M, Fauvelot, C, Costantini, F, Abbiati, M and Backeljau, T (2009) Phylogeography of the common ragworm Hediste diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae) reveals cryptic diversity and multiple colonization events across its distribution. Molecular Ecology 18, 1980–1994.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waldbusser, GG, Marinelli, RL, Whitlatch, RB and Visscher, PT (2004) The effects of infaunal biodiversity on biogeochemistry of coastal marine sediments. Limnology & Oceanography 49, 1482–1492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waser, AM, Lackschewitz, D, Knol, J, Reise, K, Mathias Wegner, K and Thieltges, DW (2020) Spread of the invasive shell-boring annelid Polydora websteri (Polychaeta, Spionidae) into naturalized oyster reefs in the European Wadden Sea. Marine Biodiversity 50, 63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, HE (1879) The Annelida Chaetopoda of New Jersey. Annual Report of the New York State Museum of Natural History 32, 101–128.Google Scholar
Webster, HE and Benedict, JE (1884) The Annelida Chaetopoda from Provincetown and Wellfleet, Massachusetts. Annual Report of the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Washington for 1881, 699–647.Google Scholar
Webster, HE and Benedict, JE (1887) The Annelida Chaetopoda, from Eastport, Maine. U.S. Commission of Fish & Fisheries. Report of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries. 1885.Google Scholar
Weidhase, M, Bleidorn, C and Simon, CA (2016) On the taxonomy and phylogeny of Ctenodrilus (Annelida: Cirratulidae) with a first report from South Africa. Marine Biodiversity 46, 243–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wells, CD, Pappal, AL, Cao, Y, Carlton, JT, Currimjee, Z, Dijkstra, JA, Edquist, SK, Gittenberger, A, Mathieson, AC, McCuller, MI, Osborne, K, Pederson, JA, Ros, M, Smith, JP, Stefaniak, LM and Stevens, A (2014) Report on the 2013 Rapid Assessment Survey of Marine Species at New England Bays and Harbors. Boston, MA: Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management, 26pp.Google Scholar
Westheide, W, Haß-Cordes, E, Krabusch, M and Müller, M (2003) Ctenodrilus serratus (Polychaeta: Ctenodrilidae) is a truly amphi-Atlantic meiofauna species – evidence from molecular data. Marine Biology 142, 637–642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, L, Matthee, CA and Simon, CA (2017) Dispersal and genetic structure of Boccardia polybranchia and Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) in South Africa and their implications for aquaculture. Aquaculture 465, 235–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WoRMS Editorial Board (2024) World Register of Marine Species. Available from https://www.marinespecies.org at VLIZ (Accessed 24 August 2024). doi: 10.14284/170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zantke, J, Bannister, S, Babu, V, Rajan, V, Raible, F and Tessmar-Raible, K (2014) Genetic and genomic tools for the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii. Genetics 197, 19–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed