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A Light in Dark Places: Later Prehistoric Mortuary Activity in Caves in Scotland and Northern England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2024

BEN HUME Open the ORCID record for BEN HUME [Opens in a new window]  and
IAN ARMIT
BEN HUME
Affiliation:
Independent scholar. Email: [email protected]
IAN ARMIT
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Humans have utilised caves for funerary activities for millennia and their unique preservational conditions provide a wealth of evidence for treatments of the dead. This paper examines the evidence for funerary practices in the caves of Scotland and northern England from the Bronze Age to the Roman Iron Age (c. 2200 bc–ad 400) in the context of later prehistoric funerary ritual. Results suggest significant levels of perimortem trauma on human skeletal remains from caves relative to those from non-cave sites. We also observe a recurrent pattern of deposition involving inhumation of neonates in contrast to excarnation of older individuals.

Résumé

RÉSUMÉ

Une lumière en des lieux sombres: activité mortuaire de la fin de la Préhistoire dans les grottes d’Écosse et du Nord de l’Angleterre, par Ben Hume et Ian Armit

Les humains ont utilisé des grottes à des fins funéraires pendant des millénaires et leurs conditions de préservation uniques fournissent une abondance de données sur le traitement des morts. Cet article se penche sur les données concernant les pratiques funéraires à l’intérieur des grottes d’Écosse et du Nord de l’Angleterre entre l’âge du Bronze et l’âge du Fer Romain (c. 2200 bc–ad 400) dans le contexte des rites funéraires de la fin de la Préhistoire. Nos résultats montrent que les restes de squelettes humains provenant de grottes présentent d’importants niveaux de trauma perimortem par rapport aux squelettes provenant de sites extérieurs. Nous observons également un schéma récurrent de dépôt consistant, d’une part, en l’inhumation des nouveau-nés et, d’autre part, en l’excarnation des individus plus âgés.

Zusammenfassung

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Ein Licht an dunklen Orten: Bestattungsaktivitäten der jüngeren Vorgeschichte in Höhlen in Schottland und Nordengland, von Ben Hume und Ian Armit

Über Jahrtausende haben Menschen Höhlen für funerale Aktivitäten genutzt, deren einzigartige Erhaltungsbedingungen eine Fülle an Informationen zum Umgang mit den Toten liefern. In diesem Beitrag wird die Untersuchung von Belegen für Bestattungspraktiken in den Höhlen in Schottland und Nordengland von der Bronzezeit bis in die Römische Eisenzeit (ca. 2200 bc–ad 400) im Kontext des Bestattungsrituals der jüngeren Vorgeschichte vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf ein hohes Maß an perimortalen Traumata an menschlichen Skelettteilen aus Höhlen im Vergleich zu jenen von anderen Fundorten. Wir beobachten außerdem ein wiederkehrendes Deponierungsmuster, das Körperbestattungen von Neonaten im Gegensatz zur Entfleischung älterer Individuen umfasst

Resumen

RESUMEN

Una luz en la oscuridad: la actividad funeraria en cuevas durante la Prehistoria reciente en Escocia y el norte de Inglaterra, por Ben Hume e Ian Armit

Los seres humanos han utilizado las cuevas para desarrollar actividades funerarias durante milenios y sus condiciones únicas de preservación proporcionan una evidencia de gran riqueza en los aspectos relacionados con los tratamientos de los muertos. Este artículo examina la evidencia de prácticas funerarias en cuevas de Escocia y el norte de Inglaterra desde la Edad del Bronce hasta la Edad del Hierro y época romana (c. 2200 bc–ad 400) en el contexto de los rituales funerarios de la Prehistoria reciente. Los resultados sugieren niveles significantes de traumas perimorten en restos esqueléticos humanos procedentes de las cuevas en relación con aquellos procedentes de yacimientos que no son cuevas. De la misma manera, se observa un patrón recurrente de deposición que implica la inhumación de neonatos en contraste con el descarnado de individuos de mayor edad.

Keywords

Bronze AgeIron AgeRoman Iron AgeScotlandnorthern Englandperimortem traumafunerary practicescaves
Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 90 , December 2024 , pp. 85 - 103
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Prehistoric Society

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