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Autistic spectrum disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytical review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2019

Jack Hollingdale Open the ORCID record for Jack Hollingdale [Opens in a new window] ,
Emma Woodhouse ,
Susan Young ,
Adie Fridman  and
Will Mandy
Jack Hollingdale*
Affiliation:
University College London, London, UK
Emma Woodhouse
Affiliation:
King's College London, London, UK
Susan Young
Affiliation:
Psychology Services Ltd, London, UK
Adie Fridman
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley, USA
Will Mandy
Affiliation:
University College London, London, UK
*
Author for correspondence: Jack Hollingdale, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Background

Research identifies highly variable prevalence estimates for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), particularly between community and clinical samples, warranting quantitative meta-analyses to investigate the true prevalence of ASD in children and adolescents with ADHD.

Methods

Studies were identified through a systematic literature search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Web of Science through January 2018. Twenty-two publications met inclusion criteria (total N = 61 985). Two random effects meta-analyses were conducted: (1) to identify the proportion of children and adolescents with ADHD that met criteria for ASD; and (2) to compare the severity of dimensionally-measured ASD symptomology in children and adolescents with and without ADHD.

Results

The overall pooled effect for children and adolescents with ADHD who met threshold for ASD was 21%. There was no significant difference between community samples (19%) and clinical samples (24%) or between US studies v. those from other countries. Children and adolescents with ADHD had substantially more dimensionally-measured ASD traits compared with those who did not have ADHD (d = 1.23).

Conclusion

The findings provide further evidence that ADHD and ASD are associated in nature. Clinical and research implications are discussed.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 50 , Issue 13 , October 2020 , pp. 2240 - 2253
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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