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Relationship of household cooking salt and eating out on iodine status of Chinese pregnant women in environmental iodine-deficient coastal areas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2023

Zheng Feei Ma Open the ORCID record for Zheng Feei Ma [Opens in a new window]
Zheng Feei Ma*
Affiliation:
Centre for Public Health and Wellbeing, School of Health and Social Wellbeing, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
*
email [email protected]
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Abstract

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Type
Letter to the Editor
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 130 , Issue 12 , 28 December 2023 , pp. 2206
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Nutrition Society

This letter is regarding the recent publication of ‘Relationship of household cooking salt and eating out on iodine status of pregnant women in environmental iodine-deficient coastal areas of China’ by Wang et al. (2020)(Reference Wang, Jin and Zhu1). The findings by the authors have provided an important research contribution to the body of observational evidence related to the relationship between the use of iodised salt at home and eating out on iodine status of pregnant women. In addition, the findings by the authors have highlighted the importance of using iodine supplements by pregnant women in order to ensure adequate maternal iodine status. Future studies should consider assessing other biomarkers of iodine status, including thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroglobulin (Tg) of pregnant women in their study. This would be valuable information regarding thyroid status of pregnant women and allow for a more comprehensive assessment of iodine status in pregnant women.

In China, the eating behaviours and dietary patterns have changed significantly due to the rapid economic development, especially in Shanghai. Although eating out has been associated with higher total energy and macronutrient intakes including fat, it is unclear if it may increase the consumption of iodine intake. This is because it depends on several factors including the frequency of eating out, the amount of iodised salt added during cooking and at the table.

In Shanghai, the usage rates of iodised salt and qualified-iodised salt reported by the authors indicated a low coverage of iodised salt (< 90 %)(Reference Wang, Jin and Zhu1–Reference Ma3). In addition, only a small percentage of pregnant women (11·3 %) reported the use of iodine supplements(Reference Wang, Jin and Zhu1). Therefore, these results had provided evidence to support the emergence of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency in Chinese pregnant women(Reference Yu, Zheng and Zheng4,Reference Zhou, Lu and Pan5) . Future studies should investigate the possible barriers regarding the use of iodised salt and/or supplements among pregnant women which were not discussed by the authors(Reference Wang, Jin and Zhu1). These possible barriers could be due to a mixture of several factors including low iodine knowledge, and the perception of using iodised salt and/or supplements might put them feeling that they are at risk of getting excess iodine(Reference Ma3). In addition, pregnant women living near to coastal areas might think that they have consumed sufficient iodine from seafood and fish products(Reference Ma3). Therefore, if not corrected, this will put pregnant women and their infants at risk of the consequences of iodine deficiency including increased risk of pregnancy loss and infant mental retardation(Reference Ma, Skeaff and Pearce2).

Acknowledgements

No funding was received for this work.

I declare no competing interest.

References

Wang, Z, Jin, W, Zhu, Z, et al. (2020) Relationship of household cooking salt and eating out on iodine status of pregnant women in environmental iodine-deficient coastal areas of China. Br J Nutr 124, 971–978.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
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Zhou, H, Lu, Y, Pan, B, et al. (2020) Iodine deficiency as assessed by neonatal TSH in a sample of mother-and-newborn pairs in Jiangsu Province, China. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 70–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar