Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T14:48:31.484Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Utilisation of high quality protein maize in poultry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 December 2013

A.K. PANDA ,
B. PRAKASH ,
S.V. RAMA RAO ,
M.V.L.N. RAJU  and
G. SHYAM SUNDER
A.K. PANDA*
Affiliation:
Project Directorate on Poultry (ICAR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
B. PRAKASH
Affiliation:
Project Directorate on Poultry (ICAR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
S.V. RAMA RAO
Affiliation:
Project Directorate on Poultry (ICAR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
M.V.L.N. RAJU
Affiliation:
Project Directorate on Poultry (ICAR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
G. SHYAM SUNDER
Affiliation:
Project Directorate on Poultry (ICAR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Maize is the preferred energy cereal used in poultry feed formulations because of its high energy, low fibre and the presence of pigments and essential fatty acids. Consequently because it is a primary source of energy, due to its higher level of inclusion in poultry diets (60-70%), it contributes approximately 30% of the protein requirement of poultry. However, maize, like other cereals, is deficient in certain essential amino acids, such as lysine and tryptophan. Therefore, to meet the requirements of these essential amino acids, farmers and feed producers usually supplement poultry rations with synthetic amino acids. Quality protein maize (QPM), with almost double the lysine and tryptophan levels, is no different from that of normal maize (NM) in terms of the quantity of energy and protein it contains. Consequently, inclusion of QPM in poultry formulations will enable the feed manufacturer to produce feeds requiring minimal or no additional supplementation of crystalline amino acids particularly lysine and tryptophan. This review examines the available research on the nutritional value of QPM in poultry for its commercial exploitation as a feed material.

Keywords

quality protein maizenutritive valuepoultry
Type
Review Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 69 , Issue 4 , December 2013 , pp. 877 - 888
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AGRAWAL, P.K. and GUPTA, H.S. (2010) Enhancement of protein quality of maize using biotechnological options. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology 10: 79-91.Google Scholar
AMONELO, M.O. and ROXAS, D.B. (2008) Growth performance of broilers fed a quality protein maize based diet. Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 34: 11-22.Google Scholar
BAI, X.F. (2002) Nutritional evaluation of and utilisation of quality protein maize Zhong Dan 9409 in broiler feed. MSC Thesis, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing.Google Scholar
BASTIANELLI, D., QUENTIN, M., BOUVAREL, I., RELANDEAU, C., LESCOAT, P., PICARD, P. and TESSERAUD, S. (2007) Early lysine deficiency in young broiler chicks. Animal 1: 587-594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BJARNASON, M. and VASAL, S.K. (1992) Breeding of quality protein maize. Plant Breeding Review 9: 181-216.Google Scholar
CIVITELLI, R., VILLAREAL, D.T., AGNUSDEI, D., NARDI, P., AVIOLI, L.V. and GENNARI, C. (1992) Dietary L-Lysine and calcium metabolism in humans. Nutrition 8: 400-405.Google ScholarPubMed
ESEN, A. and STETLER, D.A. (1987) Proposed nomenclature for the alcohol-soluble proteins (zeins) of maize (Zea mays L.) Cereal Science 5: 117-128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ESHETIE, T., MOGES, F. and ZELEKE, G. (2011) Effect of quality protein maize on growth and body weight gain performance of RIR breed of chickens. The IUP Journal of Life Sciences 4: 46-53.Google Scholar
FLODIN, N. (1997) The metabolic roles, pharmacology and toxicology of lysine. Journal of Animal Nutrition 16: 7-21.Google ScholarPubMed
GAO, J. (2002) Nutritional evaluation of and utilisation of quality protein maize Zhong Dan 9409 in pig feed. MSC Thesis, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing.Google Scholar
GRAHAM, G.G., LEMBAKE, J., LANCHO, E. and MORALES, E. (1989) Nutritional value of opaque-2 maize in childrens. Pediatrics 83: 416-421.Google Scholar
GRAHAM, G.G., PLACKU, R.P. and MACLEAN, W.C. (1980) Nutritional value of normal, opaque-2 and sugary-2 opaque-2 maize hybrids for infants and children: 2. plasma free amino acids. Journal of Nutrition 110: 1170-1074.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GRIZARD, J., DARDEVET, D., PAPET, I., MOSONI, L., PATUREAU-MIRAND, P., ATTAIX, I., TAUVERON, D., BONIN, I. and ARNAL, M. (1995) Nutrient regulation of skeletal muscle protein metabolism in animals. The involvement of hormones and substrates. Nutrition Research and Review 8: 67-91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KERR, B.J., KIDD, M.T., HALPIN, M.K., MCWARD, G.W. and QUARLES, C.L. (1999) Lysine level increase live performance and breast yield in male broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 8: 381-390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KIDD, M.T. (2004) Dietary interactions between lysine and threonine in broilers. Poultry Science 76: 608-614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KIDD, M.T., KERR, B.J. and ANTHONY, N.B. (1998) Dietary interactions between lysine and threonine in broilers. Poultry Science 76: 608-614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LATSHAW, J.D. (1991) Nutrition – mechanisms of immunosuppression. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 30: 111-112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LIU, Z., BRYANT, M.M. and ROLAND, D.A. (2004) Bioavailability estimation of DL-Methionine hydroxy analogue relative to DL-methionine in layers fed Milo-soybean diets using different regression models. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 13: 461-467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MERTZ, E.T., BATES, L.S. and NELSON, O.E. (1964) Mutant gene that changes protein composition and increases lysine content of maize endosperm. Science 145: 1470-1473.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (1994) Nutrient requirements of poultry, 9th rev. ed. National Academic Science, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
NELSON, O.E. (1969) Genetic modification of protein Quality in plants. Advance in Agronomy 21: 171-194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NELSON, O.E., MERTZ, E.T. and BATES, L.S. (1965) Second mutant gene affecting the amino acid pattern of maize endosperm proteins. Science 150: 1469-1470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ONIMISI, P.A., DAFWANG, I.I., OMAGE, J.J. and ONYIBE, J.E. (2008) Apparent digestibility of feed nutrients, total tract and ileal amino acids of broiler chicken fed quality protein maize (obatampa) and normal maize. International Journal of Poultry Science 7: 959-963.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ONIMISI, P.A., OMAGE, J.J., DAFWANG, I.I. and BAWA, G.S. (2009) Replacement value of normal maize with Quality Protein Maize (Obatampa) in broiler diets. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 8: 112-115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ORTEGA, E.I., VILLEGAS, E. and VASAL, S.K. (1986) A comparative study of protein changes in normal and quality protein maize during tortilla making. Cereal Chemistry 63: 446-451.Google Scholar
OSBORNE, T.B. and MENDEL, L.B. (1914) Amino acids in nutrition and growth. Journal of Biological Chemistry 17: 325-328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OSEI, S.A., ATUAHENE, C.A., OKAI, D.B., DONKOH, A. and TUAH, A.K. (1998) The nutritive value of quality protein maize in the diets of broiler chickens. Ghana Journal of Agricultural Sciences 31: 1-5.Google Scholar
OSEI, S.A., DEI, H.K. and TUAH, A.K. (1999) Evaluation of quality protein maize as a feed ingredient for layer pullet. Journal of Animal Feed Science 8: 181-189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PANDA, A.K., LAVANYA, G., PRADEEP KUMAR REDDY, E., RAMA RAO, S.V., RAJU, M.V.L.N. and SHYAM SUNDER, G. (2012a) Utilization of quality protein maize in the diet of White Leghorn layers. Animal Feed Science and Technology 172: 210-216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PANDA, A.K., LAVANYA, G., PRADEEP KUMAR REDDY, E., RAMA RAO, S.V., RAJU, M.V.L.N. and SHYAM SUNDER, G. (2012b) Effect of Replacement of Normal Maize with High Quality Maize on the Performance of White Leghorn Female Chicks. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 29: 95-99.Google Scholar
PANDA, A.K., RAJU, M.V.L.N., RAMA RAO, S.V., LAVANYA, G., PRADEEP KUMAR REDDY, E. and SHYAM SUNDER, G. (2010) Replacement of normal maize with quality protein maize on performance, immune response and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Asian Australian Journal of Animal Sciences 23: 1626-1631.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PANDA, A.K., RAJU, M.V.L.N., RAMA RAO, S.V., LAVANYA, G., PRADEEP KUMAR REDDY, E. and SHYAM SUNDER, G. (2011) Nutritional evaluation and utilisation of quality protein maize, Nityashree hybrid maize and normal maize in broiler chicken. British Poultry Science 52: 632-638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PANDA, A.K., RAJU, M.V.L.N., RAMA RAO, S.V., LAVANYA, G., PRADEEP KUMAR REDDY, E. and SHYAM SUNDER, G. (2012c) Substitution of normal maize with quality protein maize on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics of coloured broiler chickens. Indian Journal of Poultry Science 46: 183-187.Google Scholar
PRAHARAJ, N.K., REDDY, M.R., PANDA, A.K., RAMARAO S.V. and SHARMA, R.P. (2002) Genotype by dietary interaction for growth and response to sheep red blood cells and Escherchia coli inoculation in commercial broiler chicks Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 15: 1170-1177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PRASANNA, B.M., VASAL, S.K., KASSAHUN, B. and SINGH, N.N. (2001) Quality protein maize. Current Science 10: 1308-1319.Google Scholar
RENDEN, J.A., MOREN, E.T. Jr and KINCAID, S.A. (1994) Lack of interactions between dietary lysine or strain cross and Photoschedule for male broiler performance and carcass yield. Poultry Science 73: 1651-1662.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SCOTT, M.L., NESHEIM, M.C. and YOUNG, R.J. (2001) In: Scott's Nutrition of the chicken, LEESON S. & SUMMERS J.D. (Eds), Guelph, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
SIBBALD, I.R. and SLINGER, S.J. (1963) A biological assay for metabolisable energy in poultry feed ingredients together with findings which demonstrate some of the problems associated with evaluation of fats. Poultry Science 42: 313-325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SPROULE, A.M., SALDIVAR, S.O. BOCKHOLT, A.J. ROONEY, L.W. and KNABE D.A. (1988) Nutritional evaluation of tortillas and tortilla chips from quality protein maize. Cereal Food World 33: 233-326.Google Scholar
TANG, M.Y., MA, Q.G., CHEN, Z.D. and JI, C. (2007) Effects of dietary metabolisable energy and lysine on carcass characteristics and meat quality in arbor acres broilers. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 12: 1865-1873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TYAGI, P.K., SHRIVASTAV, A.K., MANDAL, A.B., TYAGI, P.K. and ELANGOVAN, A.V. (2011) The feeding value of quality protein maize is similar to commercial maize for egg production and quality traits in laying hens. Indian Journal of Poultry Sciences 45: 217-219.Google Scholar
TYAGI, P.K., SHRIVASTAV, A.K., MANDAL, A.B., TYAGI, P.K., ELANGOVAN, A.V. and DEO, C. (2008) The apparent metabolisable energy and feeding value of quality protein maize for broiler chicken. Indian Journal of Poultry Science 43: 169-174.Google Scholar
VASAL, S.K. (2000) Quality protein maize: overcoming the hurdles. Journal of Crop Production 6: 193-227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WATSON, S.A. (1987) In: Corn: Chemistry and Technology, WATSON, S.A. & RAMSTAD, P.T. (Eds), pp. 53-82 (American Association of Cereal Chemists. St. Paul, MN).Google Scholar
WILLIAMS, P.E.V. (1995) Digestible amino acids for non ruminant animals. Theory and recent challenges. Animal Feed Science and Technology 53: 173-187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ZHAI, S.W. (2002) Nutritional evaluation of and utilisation of quality protein maize Zhong Dan 9409 in laying hen feed. MSC Thesis. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing.Google Scholar