Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T07:28:44.680Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The response of laying hens to dietary amino acids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

A.A. Al-Saffar  and
S.P. Rose
A.A. Al-Saffar
Affiliation:
National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University College, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
S.P. Rose*
Affiliation:
National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University College, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
*
*Corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The level of a single essential amino acid that is either deficient or in excess of requirement may result in a diet that does not optimise the economic efficiency of a laying hen production system. The objectives of this study were, first, to quantitatively describe the effect of increasing the dietary levels of a single limiting amino acid on the egg production characteristics of laying hens by a statistical analysis and assessment of the published literature. Second, to compare three methods of describing the dietary amino acid concentration; as a proportion of the diet (g/kg of feed), as a proportion of the crude protein (g/kg crude protein) or as a proportion of the ideal crude protein (g/kg ideal crude protein). Sufficient published experiments were available to give statistically valid comparisons of lysine (42 experiments), methionine (77 experiments), methionineplus cystine (77 experiments) and tryptophan (21 experiments). Amino acid concentration was described by three different methods; concentration in diet (g/kg of feed), concentration in the crude protein (g/kg crude protein) or concentration in the ideal crude protein (g/kg ideal crude protein). An exponential curve gave the best fit to these data sets for almost all variables. The exceptions were egg weights with tryptophan (no relationship (p>0.05)) and egg weights and egg mass output with methionine plus cystine (linear relationship only). Expressing the egg production responses as a proportion of the crude protein, as compared to a proportion of the diet, gave a reduction in the residual standard deviation and increased the proportion of explained variation for all variables examined. The results indicated that expressing amino acid supply as a proportion of crude protein is preferable in laying hen nutrition.

Keywords

Lysinetryptophanmethioninecystineamino acidlaying hensegg production
Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 58 , Issue 2 , June 2002 , pp. 209 - 234
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abebe, s. and Morris, T.R. (1990a) A note on the effects of protein concentration on response to dietary lysine by chicks. British Poultry Science 31: 267–272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abebe, S. and Morris, T.R. (1990b) Effects of protein concentration on responses to dietary tryptophan by chicks. British Poultry Science 31: 255–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Agricultural Research Council (ARC) (1981) The Nutrient Requirements of Pigs. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Almquist, H.J. (1952) Amino acid requirements of chickens and turkeys-a review. Poultry Science 31: 747–756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AL-, Saffar, Rose, S.P. (2000) Dietary tryptophan concentration and the egg production of hens kept at different temperatures. In: Proceeding of the XXIst World Poultry Congress. Montreal, Canada. CD Format.Google Scholar
Bertram, H.L., Danner, E., Jeroch, K., Jeroch, H. (1995a) Effect of DL-methionine in a cereal-pea diet on the performance of brown laying hens. Archiv für Geflügelkunde 59: 103–107.Google Scholar
Bebertram, H.L., Schutte, J.B., De Jong, J. (1995b) The influence of DL-methionine supplements on the performance of laying hens under heat stress Archiv für Geflügelkunde 59: 314–318.Google Scholar
Bolton, W., Blair, R. (1980) Poultry Nutrition. Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Boomgaardt, J.O. and Baker, D.H. (1971) Tryptophan requirement of growing chickens as affected by dietary protein level. Journal of Animal Science 33: 595–599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boomgaardt, J.O. and Baker, D.H. (1973) The lysine requirement of growing chicks fed sesame meal gelatin diets at three protein levels. Poultry Science 52: 586–591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bornstein, S. (1970) The lysine requirement of broilers during their finishing period. British Poultry Science 11: 197–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bray, D.J. (1965) The methionine requirement of young laying pullets. Poultry Science 44: 1173–1180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bray, D.J. (1969) Requirements for limiting amino acids: the basal diet and the requirements for isoleucine, lysine and tryptophan. Poultry Science 48: 674–684.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calderon, V.M. and Jensen, L.S. (1990) The requirement for sulfur amino acid by laying hens as influenced by the protein concentration. Poultry Science 69: 934–944.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, L.D., Olaboro, G., Marquardt, R.R. and Waddell, D. (1980) Use of fababeans in diets for laying hens. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 60: 395–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cave, N.A.G. and De Grote, G. (1990) Sulfur amino acid requirements of broiler breeder hens. 2. Report: Egg Production. Archiv für Geflügelkunde 54: 160–166Google Scholar
CHI, M.S. and Speers, G.M. (1976) Effects of dietary protein and lysine levels on plasma amino acids, nitrogen retention and egg production in laying hens. Journal of Nutrition 106: 1192–1201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cole, D.J.A. (1979) Amino acid nutrition of the pig. In:Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition (Haresign, W. and Lewis, D., Eds), Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
Daenner, E.E. and Bessei, W. (2000) Influence of sulphur amino acid content on performance and feathering of laying hybrids. In: Proceeding of the XXIst World Poultry CongressMontreal, Canada. CD Format.Google Scholar
Daghir, N.J., Akrabawi, S.S. and Rottensten, K. (1964) Methionine supplementation of breeder diets. Poultry Science 43: 1106–1109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elwinger, K. and Wahlstrom, A. (2000) Effects of methionine deficiency on performance of laying hens in an aviary system. In: Proceeding of the XXIst World Poultry CongressMontreal, Canada. CD Format.Google Scholar
Fontaine, G. and Reyntens, N. (1968) The protein and amino acid requirements of laying hens, DL-methionine and L-lysine HCL supplementation. Landbouwtijdschrift 21: 1651–1658.Google Scholar
Fontaine, G. (1974) The influence of various levels of methionine and lysine in the layer diet on the performance of white leghorn hens. Landbouwtijdschrift 26: 607–617.Google Scholar
Gardiner, E.E. and Dubetz, S. (1978) High-protein wheat diets for laying hens. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 58: 199–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gruhn, K. (1969) Studies on the quality of dietary proteins in laying hens. Archiv für Tierernährung 19: 99–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harms, R.H. and Russell, G.B. (1995) A re-evaluation of the protein and lysine requirement for broiler breeder hens. Poultry Science 74: 581–585.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harms, R.H., Russell, G.B., Harlow, H. and Ivey, F.J. (1998) The influence of methionine on commercial laying hens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 7: 45–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harms, R.H., Hinton, K.L. and Russell, G.B. (1999) Energy: Methionine ratio and formulating feed for commercial layers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 8: 272–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heywang, B.W. (1956) The effect of supplemental methionine in a corn-soybean diet for laying chickens. Poultry Science 35: 462–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hijikuro, S. and Horiguchi, I. (1974) Effect of feeding a low lysine ration for laying pullets on their performance. Japanese Poultry Science 11: 114–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, J.C., Lin, C.Y. and Chiou, P.W. (1998) Effects of ambient temperature and methionine supplementation of a low protein diet on the performance of laying hens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 74: 289–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingram, G.R., Cravens, W.W., Elvehjem, C.A. and Halpin, J.G. (1951) Studies of the lysine and tryptophan requirements of the laying and breeding hens. Poultry Science 30: 426–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishibashi, T. (1985) Tryptophan requirement of laying hens. Japanese Poultry Science 22: 256–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, M.E., Hellwig, H.M. and Waldroup, P.W. (1987) Shell Quality: Potential for improvement by dietary means and relationship with egg size. Poultry Science 66: 1702–1713.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jensen, L.S., Chang, C.H. and Falen, L. (1974a) Response to lysine supplementation by laying hens fed practical diets. Poultry Science 53: 1387–1391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jensen, L.S., Falen, L. and Schumaier, G.W. (1974b) Requirement of white leghorn laying and breeding hens for methionine as influenced by stage of production cycle and inorganic sulfate. Poultry Science 53: 535–544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jensen, L.S., Calderonl, V.M. and Mendonca, C.X. Jr (1990) Response to tryptophan of laying hens fed practical diets varying in protein concentration. Poultry Science 69: 1956–1965.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karunajeewa, H. (1974) The effect of methionine and lysine supplements on the performance of broilebreeder hens. The Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science 40: 298–300.Google Scholar
Karunajeewa, H. and Tham, S.H. (1987) The influence of oat groats and dietary level of lysine on the laying performance of crossbred hens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 17: 271–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, S.M. and McGinnis, J. (1972) Methionine requirements of White Leghorn pullets. Poultry Science 51: 1735–1740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koelkebeck, K.W., Baker, D.H., Han, Y. and Parsons, C.M. (1991) Research note: Effect of lysine, methionine, threonine, or tryptophan on production performance of laying hens. Poultry Science 70: 1651–1653.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Latshaw, J.D. (1974) Soybean processing and its effect on the laying hen. Poultry Science 53: 1342–1347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leong, K.C. and Mcginnis, J. (1952) An estimate of the methionine requirement for egg production. Poultry Science 31: 692–695.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, M.W. (1979) Lysine and methionine supplements in diets for laying pullets. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 30: 983–990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, T.R. and Wethli, E. (1978) The tryptophan requirements of young laying pullets. British Poultry Science 19: 455–466.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, T.R. (1983) The interpretation of response data from animal feeding trials. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition (W., Haresign, Ed), Butterworths, London pp. 13–23.Google Scholar
Morris, T.R., Gous, R.M. and Abebe, S. (1992) Effects of dietary protein concentration on the response of growing chicks to methionine. British Poultry Science 33: 795–803.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, T.R., Gous, R.M. and Fisher, C. (1999) An analysis of the hypothesis that amino acid requirements for chicks should be stated as a proportion of dietary protein. World's Poultry Science Journal 55: 7–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mueller, W.J. (1967) The effect of two levels of methionine on the biological performance of laying pullets in controlled environments. Poultry Science 46: 82–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muller, R.D. and Balloun, S.L. (1974) Response to methionine supplementation of leghorn hens fed low-protein corn-soybean meal diets. Poultry Science 53: 1463–1475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nathanael, A.S. and Sell, J.L. (1980) Quantitative measurements of the lysine requirement of the laying hen. Poultry Science 59: 594–597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council (1994) Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. NRC 9th Revision Edition. National Academic Press, Washington D.C.Google Scholar
Nelson, T.S., Young, R.J., Bradfield, R.B., Anderson, J.B., Norris, LC., Hill, F.W. and Scott, M.L. (1960) Studies on the sulfur amino acid requirements of the chicks. Poultry Science 39: 308–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohtani, H., Saitoh, S., Ohkawara, H., Akiba, Y., Takahashi, K., Horiguchi, M. and Goto, K. (1989) Production performance of laying hens fed L-tryptophan. Poultry Science 68: 323–326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parsons, C.M. and Leeper, R.W. (1984) Choline and methionine supplementation of layer diets varying in protein content. Poultry Science 63: 1604–1609.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pepper, W.F., Slinger, S.J. and Sibbald, (1962) Protein replacement of methionine and lysine for laying hens. In: Proceeding of the XIIth Worlds Poultry CongressSydney Australia, pp. 242–247.Google Scholar
Petersen, C.F., Sauter, E.A., Steele, E.E. and Parkinson, J.F. (1983) Use of methionine intake restriction to improve egg shell quality by control of egg weight. Poultry Science 62: 2044–2047.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pourreza, J. and Smith, W.K. (1988) Performance of laying hens fed on low sulphur amino acids diets supplemented with choline and methionine. British Poultry Science 29: 605–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prochaska, J.F., Carey, J.B. and Shafer, D.J. (1996) The effect of L-lysine intake on egg component yield and composition in laying hens. Poultry Science 75: 1268–1277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reid, B.L. and Weber, C.W. (1974) Lack of sulfur amino acids sparing effect with ammonium sulfate and sodium sulfate in laying hen diets. Poultry Science 53: 964–969.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roberson, R.H. and Trujillo, V. (1975) The effect of methionine, thiouracil, dienestrol diacetate and thyroprotein on the development and prevention of fatty liver in pullets. Poultry Science 54: 715–721.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, G.B. and Harms, R.H. (1999) Tryptophan requirement of the commercial hen. Poultry Science 78: 1283–1285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salman, A.J. and McGinnis, (1968) Effect of supplementing raw soybean meal with methionine on performance of layers. Poultry Science 47: 247–251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schutte, J.B. and Ven Weerden, E.J. (1978) Requirement of the hen for sulphur-containing amino acids. British Poultry Science 19: 573–581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schutte, J.B., Van Weerden, E.J. and Bertram, H.L. (1983) Sulphur amino acid requirement of laying hens and the effects of excess dietary methionine on laying performance. British Poultry Science 24: 319–326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schutte, J.B., Van Weerden, E.J. and Bertram, H.L. (1984) Protein and sulphur amino acid nutrition of the hen during the early stage of laying. Archiv für GeJlügelkunde 48: 165–170.Google Scholar
Schutte, J.B., De Jong, J. and Bertram, H.L. (1994) Requirement of the laying hen for sulfur amino acids. Poultry Science 73: 274–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schutte, J.B. and Smink, W. (1998) Requirement of the laying hen for apparent fecal digestible lysine. Poultry Science 697–701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, J.T., Creger, C.R. and Bradley, J.W. (1975) Supplementary methionine and energy in low protein diets for laying hens. Nutrition Reports International 12: 221–225.Google Scholar
Shafer, D.J., Carey, J.B. and Prochaska, J.F. (1996) Effect of dietary methionine intake on egg component yield and composition. Poultry Science 75: 1080–1085.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shafer, D.J., Carey, J.B., Prochaska, J.F. and Sams, A.R. (1998) Dietary methionine intake effects on egg component yield, composition, functionality, and texture profile analysis. Poultry Science 77: 1056–1062.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slinger, S.J., Pepper, W.F. and Summers, J.D. (1972) Simplification of high wheat diets for laying hens: Value of supplementation with methionine hydroxy analogue. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 52: 137–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speers, G.M. and Chi, M.S. (1974) Methionine versus NaS04 for laying hens. Poultry Science 53: 1981.Google Scholar
Summers, J.D., Atkinson, J.L. and Spratt, D. (1991) Supplementation of a low protein diet in an attempt to optimize egg mass output. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71: 211–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tasaki, I. (1982) Influence of tryptophan deficiency and excess on egg production in laying pullets. Japanese Poultry Science 20: 103–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uzu, G. and Larbier, (1985) Lysine requirement in laying hens. Archiv für Geflügelkunde 49: 148–150.Google Scholar
Van Vogt, H. and Krieg, R. (1983) Influence of crude protein and methionine plus cystine content in the feed on the performance of laying hens. Archiv für Geflügelkunde 47: 248–253.Google Scholar
Van Weerden, E.J. and Schutte, J.B. (1980) Lysine requirement of the laying hen. Archiv für Geflügelkunde 44: 36–40.Google Scholar
Waldroup, P.W. and Hellwig, H.M. (1995) Methionine and total sulfur amino acid requirements influenced by stage of production. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 4: 283–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wethli, E. and Morris, T.R. (1978) Effects of age on the tryptophan requirement of laying hens. British Poultry Science 19: 559–565.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yamazaki, M. and Takemasa, M. (1998) Effects of dietary taurine on egg weight. Poultry Science 77: 1024–1026.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed