Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T03:40:05.015Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evaluation of the potentials of new scientific developments for commercial poultry breeding

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

W. Hartmann
W. Hartmann
Affiliation:
Institut für Kleintierzucht der Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft (FAL), D3100 Celle, Germany
Get access

Abstract

Some new scientific developments are reviewed with respect to commercial application in poultry breeding. In the case of conventional breeding, ‘Best Linear Unbiased Prediction’ (BLUP) of breeding values and ‘juvenile selection’ schemes are evaluated. In the area of molecular genetic technology, ‘DNA fingerprinting’ and certain aspects of ‘gene transfer’ are considered.

The forceful arguments for the use of BLUP in dairy cattle breeding are not relevant to poultry. Its application is determined mainly by the balance between the additional cost of data processing and the value of the increase in genetic progress. The advantages of juvenile selection schemes for pure breeding are more obvious than for crossbreeding. The way in which the emphasis on crossbred records depends on the genetic correlation between purebred and crossbred information is also shown.

The prospects for DNA fingerprinting as an aid to selection will depend much on the identification of linked ‘trait genes’ having a marked influence on performance. In the case of gene transfer between species with the objective of influencing performance, viability appears to be a major obstacle to application in animal breeding. Such problems may be less serious when transferring genes for disease resistance. The application of these new developments is complicated by the fact that the aim of poultry breeding is to produce crossbreds. The new developments that have been assessed have to compete in terms of economic efficiency with the particularly favourable conditions which poultry provide for the application of conventional breeding procedures.

Keywords

BLUPbreedingDNA fingerprintinggeneticsgene transferpoultryselection
Type
Research Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 48 , Issue 1 , March 1992 , pp. 17 - 27
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beckmann, J.S. and Soller, M. (1983) Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in genetic improvement: methodologies, mapping and costs. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 67: 35–43CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bulfield, G. (1985) The potential for improvement of commercial poultry by genetic engineering techniques. In: Poultry Genetics and Breeding (Eds. Hill, W.G. et al. ) Longman, Harlow, Essex, pp. 37–46Google Scholar
Bulfield, G. (1990) Molecular biology in poultry genetics. Proceedings of 8th European Poultry Conference, Barcelona, pp. 150–154Google Scholar
Crittenden, L.B. and Salter, D.W. (1990) Expression of retroviral genes in transgenic chickens. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Supplement 41: 163–171Google ScholarPubMed
Crittenden, L.B., Salter, D.W. and Federspiel, M.J. (1989) Segregation, viral phenotype, and proviral structure of 23 avian leukosis virus inserts in the germ line of chickens. Theoretical Applied Genetics 77: 505–515CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dempfle, L. (1982) The applicability of BLUP in poultry breeding. Proceedings of 24th British Poultry Breeder's Roundtable, EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Federal Republic of Germany (1989) Statistisches Jahrbuch über Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster-HiltrupGoogle Scholar
Freeman, B.M. and Bumstead, N. (1987) Transgenic poultry: theory and practice. World's Poultry Science Journal 43: 180–189CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gassmann, M., Hübscher, U. und Kuenzle, C.C. (1987) Gentechnologie und Veterinärmedizin. III. Transgene Tiere: Fakten und Perspektiven. Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde 129: 629–642Google Scholar
Georges, M., Lequarre, A.-S., Castelli, M., Hanset, R. and Vassart, G. (1988) DNA fingerprinting in domestic animals using four different minisatellite probes. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 47: 127–131CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gyles, N.R. (1979) How big will broilers get? Arkansas Farm Research 28: 7Google Scholar
Hartmann, W. (1985) The effect of selection and genetic factors on resistance to disease in fowls – review. World's Poultry Science Journal 41: 20–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartmann, W. (1988) From Mendel to multi-national in poultry breeding. GORDON Memorial Lecture 1987. British Poultry Science 29: 3–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartmann, W. (1989) Evaluation of ‘major genes’ affecting disease resistance in poultry in respect to their potential for commercial breeding. In: Recent Advances in Avian Immunology Research (Eds. Bhogal, B.S. and Koch, G.), Alan R. Liss, New York, pp. 221–231Google Scholar
Hazel, L.N. (1943) The genetic basis for constructing selection indexes. Genetics 28: 476–490CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henderson, C.R. (1963) Selection index and expected genetic advance. In: Statistical Genetics and Plant Breeding, NAS NRC Publication No. 982, 141–163Google Scholar
Henderson, C.R. (1972) Sire evaluation and genetic trends. Proceedings Animal Breeding and Genetics Symposium in honor of J.L. LUSH, American Society Animal Science Publications, Champaign, Illinois, pp. 10–41.Google Scholar
Hill, W.G. (1987) Genetic probes: DNA fingerprints applied to animal and bird populations. Nature 327: 98–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hillel, J., Plotzy, Y., Haberfeld, A., Lavi, U., Cahaner, A. and Jeffreys, A.J. (1989a) DNA fingerprints of poultry. Animal Genetics 20: 145–155CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hillel, J., Plotsky, Y., Gal, O., Haberfeld, A., Lavi, U., Dunnington, E.A. et al. (1989b) DNA fingerprinting in chickens. Proceedings of 31st British Poultry Breeder's Roundtable, ReadingGoogle Scholar
Jeffreys, A.J., Wilson, V. and Thein, S.L. (1985) Hyper variable ‘minisatellite’ regions in human DNA. Nature 314: 67–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Land, R.B. and Wilmut, I. (1987) Gene transfer and animal breeding. Theriogenology 27: 169–179CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholas, F.W. and Smith, C. (1983) Increased rates of genetic change in dairy cattle by embryo transfer and splitting. Animal Production 36: 341–353Google Scholar
Pirchner, F. and Van Krosigk, C.M. (1973) Genetic parameters of cross and purebred poultry. British Poultry Science 14: 193–202CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pursel, V.G., Pinkert, C.A., Miller, K.F., Bolt, D.J., Campbell, R.G., Palmiter, R. et al. (1989) Genetic engineering of livestock. Science 244: 1281–1288CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salter, D.W. and Crittenden, L.B. (1989) Artificial insertion of a dominant gene for resistance to avian leukosis virus into the germ line of the chicken. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 77: 457–461CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salter, D.W., Smith, E.J., Hughes, S.H., Wright, S.E. and Crittenden, L.B. (1987) Transgenic chickens: insertion of retroviral genes into the chicken germ line. Virology 157: 236–240CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, C. (1986) Use of embryo transfer in genetic improvement of sheep. Animal Production 42: 81–88Google Scholar
Smith, C. (1988) Selection of egg-laying chickens as juveniles on the average genetic merit of their parents. Poultry Science 67: 1655–1659CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C., Meuwissen, T.H.E. and Gibson, J.P. (1987) On the use of transgenes in livestock improvement. Animal Breeding Abstracts 55: 1–10Google Scholar
Soller, M. and Beckmann, J.S. (1986) Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in poultry breeding. Poultry Science 65: 1474–1488CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taran, M., Gabriel, E., Moses, E. and Soller, M. (1972) Performance of purebred and crossbred progeny of White Leghorn and New Hampshire sires. British Poultry Science 13: 331–339CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, R. (1987) Advances in statistical methods with application to livestock improvement. Proceedings of 29th British Poultry Breeder's Roundtable, EdinburghGoogle Scholar