Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T09:35:07.074Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Broiler breeder paradox: a project report

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2006

E. DECUYPERE ,
P.M. HOCKING ,
K. TONA ,
O. ONAGBESAN ,
V. BRUGGEMAN ,
E.K.M. JONES ,
S. CASSY ,
N. RIDEAU ,
S. METAYER  and
Y. JEGO
...Show all authors
E. DECUYPERE
Affiliation:
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium;
P.M. HOCKING
Affiliation:
Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Roslin, Midlothian EHS25 9PS, United Kingdom;
K. TONA
Affiliation:
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium;
O. ONAGBESAN*
Affiliation:
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium;
V. BRUGGEMAN
Affiliation:
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium;
S. CASSY
Affiliation:
Station de Recherches Avicoles, INRA SRA, 37380Nouzilly, France
N. RIDEAU
Affiliation:
Station de Recherches Avicoles, INRA SRA, 37380Nouzilly, France
S. METAYER
Affiliation:
Station de Recherches Avicoles, INRA SRA, 37380Nouzilly, France
Y. JEGO
Affiliation:
Hubbard, Le Foeil, BP 159, 22800Quintin, France;
J. PUTTERFLAM
Affiliation:
Station de Recherches Avicoles, INRA SRA, 37380Nouzilly, France
S. TESSERAUD
Affiliation:
Station de Recherches Avicoles, INRA SRA, 37380Nouzilly, France
A. COLLIN
Affiliation:
Station de Recherches Avicoles, INRA SRA, 37380Nouzilly, France
M. DUCLOS
Affiliation:
Station de Recherches Avicoles, INRA SRA, 37380Nouzilly, France
J.J. TREVIDY
Affiliation:
Hubbard, Le Foeil, BP 159, 22800Quintin, France;
J. WILLIAMS
Affiliation:
Station de Recherches Avicoles, INRA SRA, 37380Nouzilly, France
*
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

A first product of this European project was a tool for scoring chick quality. A link was established between chick quality and embryonic physiological parameters such as heat production. Eggs from broiler breeders that give rise to rapidly growing broilers have a different embryonic development that may need modified incubation conditions. Within genotypes, better chick quality induces better liveability and faster growth in broiler production. Extensive data on broiler breeder production were generated. Feed restriction was necessary to maintain welfare and reproduction at acceptable levels in standard broiler breeders. The dw-experimental genotype (E) was more tolerant to ad libitum feeding. If an alternative to feed restriction had to be found, the use of a dw genotype with less severe feed restriction could be adopted. Fibre per se, or partial feed restriction during the growing period, only compensated to a small extent for the negative effects of early fast growth on later reproduction. The results of the project on behaviour did not support welfare concerns on feed restriction. They confirmed the hypothesis that environmental pecking is a displacement activity rather than a sign of frustration. Factors other than central control by pituitary hormones seem to be involved in the modulation of the laying rate. The local (intra-ovarian) role of growth factors such as Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs), Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) and leptin are known to modulate the effect of gonadotrophins on ovarian function. For both BMPs and IGFs, feed restriction enhanced the interaction between growth factors and gonadotrophins as well as the proliferation of granulosa cells in vitro. Future genetic selection of broiler breeder production might aim at uncoupling the control of growth factors in the ovary from the selection for rapid growth to maintain or increase the growth rate of chicks without further penalising the already poor reproductive performance of broiler breeders. Putative quantitative trait loci for ovulation rate were identified in the project and may eventually facilitate selection by breeding companies for birds that could be fed enough feed to optimise their welfare.

Keywords

broiler breederfeed restrictionchick qualitygrowth factorsovary
Type
Review Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 62 , Issue 3 , September 2006 , pp. 443 - 453
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

BOKKERS, E.A.M. and KOENE, P. (2003) Eating behaviour, and preprandial and postprandial correlations in male broiler and layer chickens. British Poultry Science 44: 538–544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BRILLARD, J.P. (2004) Natural mating in broiler breeders: present and future concerns. World's Poultry Science Journal 60: 439–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BRUGGEMAN, V., D'HONDT, E., BERGHMAN, L., ONAGBESAN, O., VANMONTFORT, D., VANDESANDE, F. and DECUYPERE, E. (1998a) The effect of food intake from 2 to 24 weeks of age on LHRH-I content in the median eminence and gonadotrophin levels in pituitary and plasma in female broiler breeder chickens. General and Comparative Endocrinology 112: 200–209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BRUGGEMAN, V., ONAGBESAN, O., D'HONDT, E., BUYS, N., SAFI, M., VANMONTFORT, D., BERGHMAN, L., VANDESANDE, F. and DECUYPERE, E. (1999) Effects of timing and duration of feed restriction during rearing on reproductive characteristics in broiler breeder females. Poultry Science 78: 1424–1434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BRUGGEMAN, V., ONAGBESAN, O., VANMONTFORT, D., BERGHMAN, L., VERHOEVEN, G. and DECUYPERE, E. (1998b) Effect of long-term food restriction on pituitary sensitivity to cLHRH-I in broiler breeder females. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 114: 267–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DECUYPERE, E., HUYBRECHTS, L.M., KUHN, E.R., TIXIER-BOICHARD, M. and MERAT, P. (1991) Physiological alterations associated with the chicken sex-linked dwarfing gene. Critical Reviews of Poultry Biology 3: 191–221.Google Scholar
HOCKING, P.M. (1996) The role of body weight and food intake after photostimulation on ovarian function at first egg in broiler breeder females. British Poultry Science 37: 841–851.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HOCKING, P.M., BERNARD, R. and ROBERTSON, G.W. (2002a) Effects of low dietary protein and different allocations of food during rearing and restricted feeding after peak rate of lay on egg production, fertility and hatchability in female broiler breeders. British Poultry Science 43: 94–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HOCKING, P.M., GILBERT, A.B., WALKER, M. and WADDINGTON, D. (1987) Ovarian follicular structure of White Leghorns fed ad libitum and dwarf and normal broiler breeders fed ad libitum or restricted until point of lay. British Poultry Science 28: 493–506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HOCKING, P.M., MAXWELL, M.H. and MITCHELL, M.A. (1993) Welfare of broiler breeder and layer females subjected to food and water control during rearing. British Poultry Science 34: 443–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOCKING, P.M., MAXWELL, M.H., ROBERTSON, G.W. and MITCHELL, M.A. (2001) Welfare assessment of modified rearing programmes for broiler breeders. British Poultry Science 42: 424–432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HOCKING, P.M., MAXWELL, M.H., ROBERTSON, G.W. and MITCHELL, M.A. (2002b) Welfare assessment of broiler breeders that are food restricted after peak rate of lay. British Poultry Science 43: 5–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LUPICKI, M.E. (1994) Ovarian morphology and steroidogenesis in domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus); effects of aging, strain, photostimulation programme and level of feeding. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB., Canada.Google Scholar
ONAGBESAN, O.M., DECUYPERE, E., LEENSTRA, F. and EHLHARDT, D.A. (1999) Differential effects of amount of feeding on cell proliferation and progesterone production in response to gonadotrophins and insulin-like growth factor I by ovarian granulosa cells of broiler breeder chickens selected for fatness or leanness. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 116: 73–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ONAGBESAN, O.M., MAST, J., GODDEERIS, B. and DECUYPERE, E. (2000) Effect of TNF-alpha on LH and IGF-I modulated chicken granulosa cell proliferation and progesterone production during follicular development Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 120: 433–442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
RENEMA, R.A. and ROBINSON, F.E. (2004) Defining normal: comparison of feed restriction and full feeding of female broiler breeders. World's Poultry Science Journal 60: 508–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RENEMA, R.A., ROBINSON, F.E., NEWCOMBE, M. and McKRAY, R.I. (1999a) Effects of body weight and feed allocation during sexual maturation in broiler breeder hens: 1. Growth and carcass characteristics. Poultry Science 78: 619–628.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
RENEMA, R.A., ROBINSON, F.E., NEWCOMBE, M. and McKRAY, R.I. (1999b) Effects of body weight and feed allocation during sexual maturation in broiler breeder hens: 2. Ovarian morphology and plasma hormone profiles. Poultry Science 78: 629–639.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
RENEMA, R.A., ROBINSON, F.E., PREIKSCHAT, N.V. and ZUIDHOF, M.J. (1999c) Effects of strain on feed intake, reproductive efficiency, fertility, and carcass characteristics at 49wk of age in ad-libitum fed broiler breeder hens. Poultry Science 78 (Suppl. 1): 7–8.Google Scholar
RENEMA, R.A., ZUIDHOF, M.J. and ROBINSON, F.E. (2004) Impact of genotype, growth profile and photostimulation age on the reproductive efficiency of female broiler breeders. Poultry Science 83 (Suppl. 1): 144.Google Scholar
SKINNER-NOBLE, D.O., JONES, R.B. and TEETER, R.G. (2003) Components of feed efficiency in broiler breeding stocks: Is improved feed conversion associated with increased docility and lethargy in broilers? Poultry Science 82: 532–537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
TRIYUWANTA, LETERRIER C., BRILLARD, J.P. and NYS, Y. (1992) Maternal body weight and feed allowance of breeders affect performance of dwarf broiler breeders and tibial ossification of their progeny. Poultry Science 71: 244–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
VAN MIDDELKOOP, J.H. (1972) The relationship between ovulation interval of White Plymouth Red pullets and the laying of abnormal eggs. Archiv für Gelflügelkunde 36: 223–230.Google Scholar

References from the BBP project

BRUGGEMAN, V., JEGO, Y., TONA, K., ONAGBESAN, O.M. and DECUYPERE, E. (2004) Effects of broiler breeder genotypes on incubation parameters, chick quality and broiler performance. Proceedings of the XXIIth Poultry Congress, Istanbul CDRom/Wpc2012/1803.pdf.Google Scholar
BRUGGEMAN, V., ONAGBESAN, O., RAGOT, O., CASSY, S., FAVREAU, F., JEGO, Y., TREVIDY, J.J., TONA, K., WILLIAMS, J., DECUYPERE, E. and PICARD, M. (2005) Feed allowance–genotype interactions in broiler breeder hens. Poultry Science 84: 298–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
CASSY, S., MÉTAYER, S., CROCHET, S., RIDEAU, N., COLLIN, A. and PICARD, M. (2004) Potential involvement of the leptin receptor in ovarian dysfunction of broiler breeder hens fed ad libitum. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2: 72 (www.rbej.com/content/2/1/72).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CASSY, S., METAYER, S., CROCHET, S. and PICARD, M. (2004) Potential involvement of the leptin receptor in ovarian dysfunction of broiler breeder hens fed ad libitum. Proceedings of the XXIIth Poultry Congress, Istanbul CDRom/Wpc2004/1808.pdf.Google Scholar
HECK, A., METAYER, S., ONAGBESAN, O.M. and WILLIAMS, J. (2003) Messenger RNA of components of the IGF System and GH and Insulin receptors in ovaries of broiler breeder hens fed ad libitum or restricted from 4 to 16 weeks of age. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 25: 287–294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HECK, A., METAYER, S., PUTERFLAM, J., JEGO, Y., TREVIDY, J.J., WILLIAMS, J. and PICARD, M. (2003) Effets de l'alimentation ad libitum sur les poules reproductrices chair entre 1 et 40 semaines. 5ème Journées de la Recherche Avicole, 26–27/03/2003, Tours: 113–116.Google Scholar
HECK, A., ONAGBESAN, O., TONA, K., METAYER, S., PUTERFLAM, J., JEGO, Y., TREVIDY, J.J., DECUYPERE, E., WILLIAMS, J., PICARD, M. and BRUGGEMAN, V. (2004) Effects of ad libitum feeding on performance of different strains of broiler breeders. British Poultry Science 45: 695–703.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HOCKING, P.M. (2003) Review of QTL mapping results in poultry. Paper presented at the 3rd European Poultry Genetics Symposium, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 9pp.Google Scholar
HOCKING, P.M. (2004) Feeding and welfare of broiler breeders Proceedings of the XXIIth Poultry Congress, Istanbul CDRom/Wpc2004/11.pdf.Google Scholar
HOCKING, P.M. and JONES, E.K.M. (2004) Changes in behaviour and the assessment of welfare in broiler breeders. Proceedings of the XXIIth Poultry Congress, Istanbul CDRom/Wpc2004/1810.pdf.Google Scholar
HOCKING, P.M., ZACZEK, V., JONES, E.K.M. and MACLEOD, M.G. (2004) Different sources of fibre may improve the welfare of female broiler breeders. British Poultry Science 45: 9–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
JONES, E.K.M., MACLEOD, M. and HOCKING, P.M. (2004) Dietary fibre and experimental genotypes of broiler breeders: potential to improve welfare? Proceedings of the XXIIth Poultry Congress, Istanbul CDRom/Wpc2004/209.pdf.Google Scholar
JONES, E.K.M., ZACZEK, V., MACLEOD, M.G. and HOCKING, P.M. (2004) Genotype, dietary manipulation and feed allocation affect indices of welfare in broiler breeders. British Poultry Science 45: 725–737.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MÉTAYER, S., DUCLOS, M.J., CROCHET, S., CHEVALIER, B. and WILLIAMS, J. (2004) Modification of the intra-ovarian IGF system by feed restriction in broiler breeder hens. Proceedings of the XXIIth Poultry Congress, Istanbul CDRom/Wpc2006/1806.pdf.Google Scholar
MÉTAYER, S., HECK, A. and WILLIAMS, J. (2002) The ontogeny of the IGF system in broiler chicken ovary. Society for the Study of Fertility Joint European Conference on Reproduction, Tours, France 20–21 Dec 2002. Reproduction, 19–21 December 2002. Reproduction, Abstr Series No 29: Abstr. 38, p.16.Google Scholar
ONAGBESAN, O.M., BRUGGEMAN, V., DUCLOS, M.J. and DECUYPERE, E. (2004) Systemic hormones variations in broiler breeder hens. Proceedings of the XXIIth Poultry Congress, Istanbul CDRom/Wpc2004/1804.pdf.Google Scholar
ONAGBESAN, O.M., BRUGGEMAN, V., VAN AS, P., SWENNEN, Q. and DECUYPERE, E. (2004) Implications of IGFs and BMPs on follicular development in broiler breeder hens. Proceedings of the XXIIth Poultry Congress, Istanbul CDRom/Wpc2004/1807.pdf.Google Scholar
ONAGBESAN, O.M., BRUGGEMAN, V., VAN AS, P., SWENNEN, Q., TONA, K. and DECUYPERE, E. (2003) Effect of ad libitum or restricted feeding on the expression of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) and their receptors (BMPR) in the granulosa cells of chicken ovarian follicles and their role in cell differentiation and proliferation. IX World Congress on Animal Production, Porto Allegre, Brazil, 26–31 October 2003.Google Scholar
ONAGBESAN, O.M., BRUGGEMAN, V., VAN AS, P., TONA, K., WILLIAMS, J. and DECUYPERE, E. (2003) BMPs and BMPRs in the chicken ovary and the effects of BMP-4 and –7 on granulosa cell proliferation and progesterone production in vitro. American Journal of Physiology- Endocrinology and Metabolism 285: E973–E983.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ONAGBESAN, O.M., VAN AS, P., BRUGGEMAN, V. and DECUYPERE, E. (2003) Expression of mRNA encoding BMP-2, -4, -6, -7 and BMPR-IA, IB and -II in the ovarian follicles of the chicken. SPSS/SCAD Concurrent meeting of International Poultry Scientific Forum, 20–22 Jan 2003, Atlanta–Georgia, USA. Proceedings Abstr 50, p 13.Google Scholar
PICARD, M., BRUGGEMAN, V. and HOCKING, P. (2004) Growth and laying performances of two broiler breeder genotypes fed diluted diets ad libitum or restricted. Proceedings of the XXIIth Poultry Congress, Istanbul CDRom/Wpc2004/1811.pdf.Google Scholar
PICARD, M., PUTERFLAM, J. and MERLET, F. (2004) Behavioural traits of restricted and ad libitum fed broiler breeders. Proceedings of the XXIIth Poultry Congress, Istanbul CDRom/Wpc2004/1809.pdf.Google Scholar
PUTERFLAM, J., HECK, A., JEGO, Y., TREVIDY, J.J., WILLIAMS, J. and PICARD, M. (2003) Comportement alimentaire des poules reproductrices chair. 5ème Journées de la Recherche Avicole, 26–27/03/2003, Tours: 73–76.Google Scholar
RIDEAU, N., METAYER, S., TESSERAUD, S., DEROUET, M., PERESSON, R., TAOUIS, M. and CASSY, S. (2004) Is there a peripheral or a tissue-specific insulin resistance in broiler breeder hens fed ad libitum? Proceedings of the XXIIth Poultry Congress, Istanbul CDRom/Wpc2004/1805.pdf.Google Scholar
TONA, K., BRUGGEMAN, V., ONAGBESAN, O.M. and DECUYPERE, E. (2005) Effects of Turning Duration During Incubation on Embryo Growth, Utilization of Albumen and Stress Regulation. Poultry Science 84: 315–320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
TONA, K., BRUGGEMAN, V., ONAGBESAN, O.M., MERTENS, K., BAMELIS, F., GBEASOR, M., MERTENS, K. and DECUYPERE, E. (2005) Day-old Chick quality: Relationship to hatching egg quality, adequate incubation practice and prediction of broiler performance. Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews 16: 109–119.Google Scholar
TONA, K., ONAGBESAN, O., DE KETELAERE, B., BRUGGEMAN, V. and DECUYPERE, E. (2004) Interrelationships between chick quality parameters and the effect of individual parameter on broiler relative growth to 7 days of age. Archiv für Geflügelkunde (European Poultry Science) 69: S67–72.Google Scholar
TONA, K., ONAGBESAN, O.M., BRUGGEMAN, V., DE KETELAERE, B. and DECUYPERE, E. (2003) Effects of Age of Broiler Breeders and Egg Storage on Egg Quality, Hatchability, Chick Quality, Chick Weight and Chick Post-Hatch Growth. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 13: 10–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TONA, K., ONAGBESAN, O.M., BRUGGEMAN, V., MERTENS, K., JEGO, Y. and DECUYPERE, E. (2004) Comparison of feed intake, blood metabolic parameters, body and organ weights of growing broilers originating from dwarf and standard broiler breeder lines. International Journal of Poultry Science 3: 422–426.Google Scholar
TONA, K., ONAGBESAN, O.M., DE KETELAERE, B., DECUYPERE, E. and BRUGGEMAN, V. (2003) Effects of turning duration during incubation on Corticosterone and Thyroid hormones levels, Gas Pressures in air cell, chick quality and juvenile growth. Poultry Science 82: 1974–1979.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
TONA, K., ONAGBESAN, O.M., JEGO, Y., KAMERS, B., DECUYPERE, E. and BRUGGEMAN, V. (2003) Acomparison of embryo physiological parameters during incubation and production characteristics of broiler chicks from eggs o three lines of broiler breeders differing in genetic composition, growth rate and reproductive performance. Poultry Science 83: 507–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VAN AS, P., ONAGBESAN, O.M., BRUGGEMAN, V., JEGO, Y., WILLIAMS, J. and DECUYPERE, E. (2002) Expression of BMPs and BMPRs in pre-hierarchical ovarian follicles of the domestic hen and probable involvement in follicle selection. Society for the Study of Fertility Joint European Conference on Reproduction, Tours, France 20–21 Dec 2002. Reproduction, Abstr Series No 29, Abstr 40, p 16–17.Google Scholar
WILLIAMS, J., DECYPERE, E., HOCKING, P., JEGO, Y. and PICARD, M. (2004) The broiler breeder paradox–a research problem. Proceedings of the XXIIth Poultry Congress, Istanbul CDRom/Wpc2004/1803.pdf.Google Scholar
ZACZEK, V., JONES, E.K.M., MACLEOD, M.G. and HOCKING, P.M. (2003) Dietary fibre improves the welfare of female broiler breeders. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch, York. British Poultry Science 44: S30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar