Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-20T19:21:08.390Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The avian embryo and its antioxidant defence system

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 August 2014

A.A. YIGIT ,
A.K. PANDA  and
G. CHERIAN
A.A. YIGIT*
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Yahsihan, Kirikkale, 71451, Turkey
A.K. PANDA
Affiliation:
Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
G. CHERIAN
Affiliation:
Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

During chick embryo development, there exists an antioxidant-oxidant balance in the tissues, which supports normal embryonic development and post-hatch chick viability. This balance is maintained by natural antioxidants including vitamins A, E, C and carotenoids, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Chick viability is an important factor in determining post-hatch health and profitability. Factors that interrupt growth and development during the embryonic period affect the overall performance and health during the post-hatch period. During the 21-day incubation period for chickens, antioxidant defence systems protect the embryo against the lipid peroxidation (LPO) derived from undesirable conditions. The purpose of this review is to explain the antioxidant mechanisms that contribute to chick embryo development resulting in a healthy hatchling.

Keywords

antioxidantchickembryovitamin Avitamin Evitamin C
Type
Review Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 70 , Issue 3 , September 2014 , pp. 563 - 574
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ANDRIEU, S. (2008) Is there a role for organic trace element supplements in transition cow health? The Veterinary Journal 176: 77-83.Google Scholar
BURK, R.F. and HILL, K.E. (1993) Regulation of selenoproteins. Annual Review of Nutrition 13: 65-81.Google Scholar
CHERIAN, G. (2011) Essential Fatty Acids and Early Life Programming in Meat-Type Birds. World's Poultry Science Journal 67: 599-614.Google Scholar
CHERIAN, G. and SIM, J.S. (1991) Effect of feeding full fat flax and canola seeds to laying hens on the fatty acid composition of eggs, embryos and newly hatched chicks. Poultry Science 70: 917-922.Google Scholar
CHERIAN, G. and SIM, J.S. (2001) Maternal dietary α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) alters n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and liver enzyme activity in hatched chicks. Poultry Science 80: 901-905.Google Scholar
CHERIAN, G., GOPALAKRISHNAN, N., AKIBA, Y. and SIM, J.S. (1997) Effects of maternal dietary 18:3 n-3 acids on the accretion of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the tissue of developing chick embryo. Biology of the Neonate 72: 165-174.Google Scholar
CHOPRA, M., WILSIN, R.L. and THURNHAM, D.I. (1993) Free radical scavenging activity of lutein ın vitro, in: CRANFIELD, L.M., OLSON, J.A. & KRINSKY, N.I. (Eds) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 691: 246-249.Google Scholar
DUA, P.N., DAY, E.J., HILL, J.E. and GROGAN, C.O. (1967) Utilization of xanthophylls from natural sources by the chick. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 15: 324-328.Google Scholar
EVERETT, S.A., DENNIS, M.F., PATEL, K.B., MADDIX, S., KUNDU, S.C. and WILSON, R.L. (1996) Scavenging of nitrogen dioxide, thiyl and sulphonyl free radicals by the nutritional antioxidant β-carotene. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 271: 3988-3994.Google Scholar
FORNAI, F., SAVIOZZI, M., PIAGGI, S., GESI, M., CORSINI, G.U., MALVALDI, G. and CASINI, A.F. (1999) Localization of a glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase within the central nervous system of the rat. Neuroscience 94: 937-948.Google Scholar
GAAL, T., MEZES, M., NOBLE, R.C., DIXON, J. and SPEAKE, B.K. (1995) Development of antioxidant capacity in tissues of the chick embryo. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 112B: 711-716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GOODMAN, D.S. (1984) Vitamin A and retinoids in health and disease. N. Engl. Journal of Medicine 16: 1023-1031.Google Scholar
HEALY, J. and TIPTON, K. (2007) Ceruloplasmin and what ıt might do. Journal of Neural Transmission 114: 777-781.Google Scholar
KELLY, M.P. and POWER, R.F. (1995) Fractionation and identification of the major selenium containing compounds in selenized yeast. Journal of Dairy Science 78 (Suppl. 1): 237 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
KLOTZ, L.O., KRÖNCKE, K.D., BUCHCZYK, D.P. and SIES, H. (2003) Role of copper, zinc, selenium and tellurium in the cellular defence against oxidative and nitrosative stress. Journal of Nutrition 133: 1448-1451.Google Scholar
LII, C.K., KO, Y.J., CHIANG, M.T., SUNG, W.C. and CHEN, H.W. (1998) Effect of dietary vitamin E on antioxidant status and antioxidant enzyme activities in Sprague-Dawley rats. Nutrition and Cancer 32: 95-100.Google Scholar
LIN, Y.F., CHANG, S.J. and HSU, A.L. (2004) Effects of supplemental vitamin e during the laying period on the reproductive performance of Taiwan native chickens. British Poultry Science 45: 807-814.Google Scholar
MEISTER, A. (1994) Glutathione-ascorbic acid antioxidant system ın animals. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269: 9397-9400.Google Scholar
MEYDANI, M., MACAULEY, J.B. and BLUMBERG, J.B. (1988) Effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium on susceptibility of brain regions to lipid peroxidation. Lipids 23: 405-409.Google Scholar
MISRA, H.P. and FRIDOVICH, I. (1972) The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 247: 3170-3175.Google Scholar
MORTOLA, J.P. (2009) Gas Exchange in avian embryos and hatchlings. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology 153: 359-377.Google Scholar
NIKI, E. (1991) Action of ascorbic acid as a scavenger of active and stable oxygen radicals. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54: 1119S-1124S.Google Scholar
NOBLE, R.C. and COCCHI, M. (1990) Lipid metabolism and the neonatal chicken. Progress in Lipid Research29: 107-140.Google Scholar
OSE, D.E. and FRIDOVICH, I. (1976) Superoxide dismutase. Reversible removal of manganese and its substitution by cobalt, nickel or zinc. Journal of Biological Chemistry 251 (4):1217-1218.Google Scholar
PAPPAS, A.C., KARADAS, F., SURAI, P.F. and SPEAKE, B.K. (2005) The selenium intake of the female chicken influences the selenium status of her progeny. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B 142: 465 - 474.Google Scholar
PAPPAS, A.C., ZOIDIS, E., GEORGIOU, C.A., DEMIRIS, N., SURAI, P.F. and FEGEROS, K. (2011) Influence of Organic Selenium Supplementation on the Accumulation Of Toxic and Essential Trace Elements Involved in the Antioxidant System of Chicken. Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment 28: 446-454.Google Scholar
PARDUE, S.L., THAXTON, J.P. and BRAKE, J. (1985) Influence of supplemental ascorbic acid on broiler performance following exposure to high environmental temperature. Poultry Science 64: 1334-1338.Google Scholar
PATON, N.D., CANTOR, A.H., PESCATORE, A.J., FORD, M.J. and SMITH, C.A. (2002) The effect of dietary selenium source and level on the uptake of selenium by developing chick embryos. Poultry Science 81: 1548-1554.Google Scholar
PHYLLIS, A.D. (2007) Effects of oxidative stress on embryonic development. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 81: 155-162.Google Scholar
PORTER, N.A., CALDWELL, S.E. and MILLS, K.A. (1995) Mechanisms of free radical oxidation of unsaturated lipids. Lipids 30: 277-290.Google Scholar
RICE-EVANS, C.A., SAMSON, J., BRAMLEY, P.M. and HOLLOWAY, D.E. (1997) Why do we expect carotenoids to be antioxidants in vivo? Free Radical Research 26: 381-398.Google Scholar
RICHARDS, M.P. and STEELE, N.C. (1987) Trace element metabolism in the developing avian embryo: A review. Journal of Experimental Zoology 1: 39-51.Google ScholarPubMed
RICHARDS, M.P. (1997) Trace mineral metabolism ın the avian embryo. Poultry Science 76: 152-164.Google Scholar
ROCK, C.L., KUSHUSKI, R.A., GALVEZ, M.M. and ETHIER, S.P. (1995) Carotenoids induce morphological changes in human mammary epithelial cell Cultures. Nutrition and Cancer 23: 319-333.Google Scholar
ROMANOFF, A.L. (1967) Biochemistry of the avian embryo pp. 67, 190 (New York, Interscience Publishers).Google Scholar
SALAS-VIDAL, E., LOMELI, H., CASTRO-OBREGON, S., CUERVO, R., ESCALANTE-ALCALDE, D. and COVARRUBİAS, L. (1998) Reactive oxygen species participate in the control of mouse embryonic cell death. Experimental Cell Research 238: 136-147.Google Scholar
SHAND, J.H., WEST, D.W., NOBLE, R.C. and SPEAKE, B.K. (1994) The Esterification of cholesterol in the liver of the chick embryo. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1213: 224-230.Google Scholar
SIESS, H. (1991) Oxidative stress oxidant and antioxidants. Academic Press Ltd, H Siess (Ed) San Diego, CA. pp XXII.Google Scholar
SIES, H., STAHL, W. and SUNDQUIST, A.R. (1992) Antioxidant functions of vitamins. vitamins E and C, β-carotene, and other carotenoids. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 669: 7-20.Google Scholar
SPEAKE, B.K., NOBLE, R.C. and MCCARTNEY, R.J. (1993) Tissue specific changes in lipid composition and lipoprotein lipase activity during development of the chick embryo. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1165: 263-270.Google Scholar
SPEAKE, B.K., MURRAY, A.M. and NOBLE, R.C. (1998a) Transport and transformations of yolk lipids during development of the avian embryo. Progress in Lipid Research 37: 1-32.Google Scholar
SPEAKE, B.K., SURAI, P.F. and NOBLE, R.C. (1998b) The utilization of yolk lipids by the chick embryo. World's Poultry Science Journal 54: 319-334.Google Scholar
SUN, Q., GUO, Y., MA, S., YUAN, J., AN, S. and LI, J. (2012) Dietary mineral sources altered lipid and antioxidant profiles in broiler breeders and posthatch growth of their offsprings. Biological Trace Element Research 145: 318-324.Google Scholar
SURAI, P.F., NOBLE, R.C. and SPEAKE, B.K. (1996) Tissue-specific differences in antioxidant distribution and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation during development of the chick embryo. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1304: 1-10.Google Scholar
SURAI, P.F., KOSTJUK, I., SPEAKE, B., NOBLE, R. and SPARKS, N. (1997) Effect of vitamin E in the diet of laying hens on ıts accumulation in the egg yolk and embryonic tissues and their susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. Poultry and Avian Biology Reviews 8: 166.Google Scholar
SURAI, P.F. and SPEAKE, B.K. (1998) Distribution of carotenoids from the yolk to the tissues of the developing embryo. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 9: 645-651.Google Scholar
SURAI, P.F., IONOV, I.A., KUKLENKO, T.V., KOSTJUK, I.A., MACPHERSON, A., SPEAKE, B.K., NOBLE, R.C. and SPARKS, N.H.C. (1998) Effect of supplementing the hen's diet with vitamin A on the accumulation of vitamins A and E, ascorbic acid and carotenoids in the egg yolk and in the embryonic liver. British Poultry Science 39: 257-263.Google Scholar
SURAI, P.F. (1999a) Vitamin E in avian reproduction. Poultry and Avian Biology Reviews 10: 1-60.Google Scholar
SURAI, P.F. (1999b) Tissue-specific changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes during the development of the chicken embryo. British Poultry Science 40: 251-259.Google Scholar
SURAI, P.F., NOBLE, R.C. and SPEAKE, B.K. (1999a) Relationship between vitamin E content and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in tissues of the newly hatched chick. British Poultry Science 40: 406-410.Google Scholar
SURAI, P.F., SPARKS, N.H.C. and NOBLE, R.C. (1999b) Antioxidant systems of the avian embryo: tissue-specific accumulation and distribution of vitamin E in the turkey embryo during development. British Poultry Science 40: 458-466.Google Scholar
SURAI, P.F. (2000) Effect of selenium and vitamin E content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the yolk and the developing chick. British Poultry Science 41: 235-243.Google Scholar
SURAI, P.F., KUKLENKO, T.V., IONOV, I.A., NOBLE, R.C. and SPARKS, N.H.C. (2000) Effect of vitamin A on the antioxidant system of the chick during early postnatal development. British Poultry Science 41: 454-458.Google Scholar
SURAI, P.F. (2002) Natural Antioxidants in avian nutrition and reproduction. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham.Google Scholar
TERAO, J., BOEY, P.L., OJIMA, F., NAGAO, A., SUZUKI, T. and TAKAMA, K. (1992) Astaxanthin as a chain breaking antioxidant in phospholipid peroxidation, in: YAGI, K., KONDO, M., NIKI, E. & YOSHIKAWA, T. (Eds) Oxygen Radicals, pp. 657-660 (New York, Elsevier Science Publisher).Google Scholar
TESORIERE, L., CIACCIO, M., BONGIORNO, A. and FRIESLEBEN, H.J. (1994) Kinetics of the antioxidant activity of all-trans retinol in homogenous solution, in: LIVRA, M.A. & VIDALI, G. (Eds) Retinoids. From Basic Science to Clinical Applications, pp. 305-314 (Basel, Birkhauser Verlag).Google Scholar
TRABER, M.G., LANE, J.C., LAGMAY, N. and KAYDEN, H.J. (1992) Studies on the transfer of tocopherol between lipoproteins. Lipids 27: 657-663.Google Scholar
TURRENS, J.F. (2003) Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen Species. Journal of Physiology 552: 335-344.Google Scholar
VLECK, C.M., VLECK, D. and HOYT, D.F. (1980) Patterns of metabolism and growth in avian embryos. American Zoologis 20: 405-416.Google Scholar
WASSMANN, S. (2004) Kerstin Wassmann and Georg Nickenig. Modulation of Oxidant and Antioxidant Enzyme Expression and Function in Vascular Cells . Hypertension 44: 381-386.Google Scholar
WILLIAMS, A.W., BOILEAU, T.W.M. and ERDMAN, J.W. Jr (1998) Factors influencing the uptake and absorption off carotenoids. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 218: 106 -108.Google Scholar
WILSON, J.X., LUI, E.M.K. and DEL MAESTRO, R.F. (1992) Developmental profiles of antioxidant enzymes and trace metals in chick embryo. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 65: 51-64.Google Scholar
WILSON, H.R. (1997) Effects of maternal nutrition on hatchability. Poultry Science 76: 134-143.Google Scholar
YADGARY, L., YAIR, R. and UNI, Z. (2011) The chick embryo yolk sac membrane expresses nutrient transporter and digestive enzyme genes. Poultry Science 90: 410-416.Google Scholar
YIH-FWU, L., HSIU-LING, T., YI-CHUN, L. and SUE-JOAN, C. (2005) Maternal vitamin E supplementation affects the antioxidant capability and oxidative status of hatching chicks. Journal of Nutrition 135: 2457-2461.Google Scholar