Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T07:21:36.144Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Induced Moulting in Laying Fowls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

J. H. Wolford
Affiliation:
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, U.S.A.
Get access

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, J. L. (1955). Progesterone-induced unseasonable moult in single Comb White Leghorn pullets. Poultry Science 34: 702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, J. L. (1956). A comparison of different methods of progesterone administration to the fowl in affecting egg production and moult. Poultry Science 35: 323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akaishi, T., Kusuhara, S. and Ishida, K. (1974). Histochemical observations of steroid dehydrogenase and related enzymes in the livers of laying and moulting hens. Poultry Science 53: 1686.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arrington, L. R., Santa-Cruz, R., Harms, R. H. and Wilson, H. R. (1967). Effects of excess dietary iodine upon pullets and hens. Journal of Nutrition 92: 325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, M. and Brake, J. (1981). Total body lipid and uterine lipid changes during a forced moult of caged layers. Poultry Science 60: 1593.Google Scholar
Baker, M., Brake, J. and McDaniel, G. R. (1981). The relationship between body weight loss during a forced moult and post moult reproductive performance of caged layers. Poultry Science 60: 1594.Google Scholar
Begin, J. J. and Johnson, T. H. (1976). Effect of dietary salt on the performance of laying hens. Poultry Science 55: 2395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berg, L. R. and Bearse, G. E. (1947). The changes in egg quality resulting from force moulting White Leghorn yearling hens. Poultry Science 26: 414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bessei, W. (1978a). Die anwendung einer natriumarmen ration zur steuerung der legepause bei legehennen. Archives fur Geflugelkunde 42: 115.Google Scholar
Bessei, W. (1978b). Dev einfluβ einer Na-armen ration auf dielaufakivitat von legehennen. Archives fur Geflugelkunde 42: 246.Google Scholar
Bessei, W. and Lantzsch, H.-J. (1980). Untersuchungen zur einleitung von legepausen mit zinkreichen rationen. Archives fur Geflugelkunde 44: 133.Google Scholar
Bierer, B. W., Eleazer, T. H. and Roebuck, D. E. (1965). Effect of feed and water deprivation on chickens, turkeys and laboratory mammals. Poultry Science 44: 768.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bird, H. R. and Sunde, M. L. (1982). Evaluation of two force moulting procedures and their effect on productive performance of two strains of White Leghorns. Poultry Science 61: 1418.Google Scholar
Blair, R. and Gilbert, A. B. (1973). The influence of supplemental phosphorus in a low-calcium diet designed to induce a resting phase in laying hens. British Poultry Science 14: 131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brake, J., Baker, M. and Mannix, J. G. (1981). Weight loss characteristics of the body, liver, ovary, oviducts and uterine lipid during a forced moult and their relationship to post-moult performance. Poultry Science 60: 1628.Google Scholar
Brake, J. and McDaniel, G. R. (1981). Factors affecting broiler breeder performance. 3. Relationship of body weight during fasting to post-moult performance. Poultry Science 60: 726.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brake, J., Morgan, G. W. and Thaxton, P. (1978). Leucocytic changes and graft versus host (GVH) responsiveness in force moulted cage layers. Poultry Science 57: 1120.Google Scholar
Brake, J. and Thaxton, P. (1979a). Physiological changes in caged layers during a forced moult. 1. Body temperature and selected blood constituents. Poultry Science 58: 699.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brake, J. and Thaxton, P. (1979b). Physiological changes in caged layers during a forced moult. 2. Gross changes in organs. Poultry Science 58: 707.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brake, J. and Thaxton, J. P. (1982). Comparative effect of photoperiod modifications and /or fasting with a short period without water on physiological and performance parameters associated with moult in SCWL hens. Poultry Science 61: 1423.Google Scholar
Brake, J., Thaxton, P. and Benton, E. H. (1979a). Physiological changes in caged layers during a forced moult. 3. Plasma thyroxine, plasma triiodothyronine, adrenal cholesterol and total adrenal steroids. Poultry Science 58: 1345.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brake, J., Thaxton, P., Garlich, J. D. and Sherwood, D. H. (1979b). Comparison of fortified ground corn and pullet grower feeding regimes during a forced moult on subsequent layer performance. Poultry Science 58: 785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campos, E. J. and Baiao, N. C. (1979). The effects of methods of forced moulting on performance of commercial layers. Poultry Science 58: 1040.Google Scholar
Carter, T. A. and Ward, J. B. (1981). Limited and full feeding of layers during the non-laying period of a moulting cycle. Poultry Science 60: 1635.Google Scholar
Casey, J. M. (1974). Effects of restricted feeding in performance of moulted S.C.W.L. females. Poultry Science 53: 1907.Google Scholar
Chaikoff, I. L., Lorenz, F. W. and Entenman, C. (1941). Endocrine control of the lipid metabolism of the bird. IV. Lipid metabolism of the bird during pubescence and the annual rest. Endocrinology 28: 597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, L. J. and Hutt, F. B. (1928). Further experiments in feeding thyroid to fowl. Poultry Science 7: 60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniel, M. and Balnave, D. (1980). A comparison of methods of inducing a pause in egg production in crossbred layers. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 31: 1153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dilworth, B. C. and Day, E. J. (1976). Sodium depletion and repletion of White Leghorn hens in cages. Poultry Science 55: 1593.Google Scholar
Dunnington, E. A., Siegel, P. B., Cherry, J. A. and Soller, M. (1983a). Relationship of age and body weight at sexual maturity in selected lines of chickens. Archives fur Geflugelkunde 47: (In press).Google Scholar
Dunnington, E. A., Petrie, C. L., Barbato, G. F. and Siegel, P. B. (1983b). Environmental stimuli and the frequency of headshaking in lines of White Leghorn hens. Applied Animal Ethology 9: (In press).Google Scholar
Edmondson, J. (1958). Forced moulting to increase autumn and winter egg laying. New Zealand Journal of Agriculture 96: 55.Google Scholar
Francis, D. W. and Robertson, R. H. (1980). Chemical constituents of blood from chickens subjected to moult. Poultry Science 59: 1610.Google Scholar
Gabuten, A. R. and Shaffner, C. S. (1954). A study of the physiological mechanisms affecting specific gravity of chicken eggs. Poultry Science 33: 47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilbert, A. B. and Blair, R. (1975). A comparison of the effects of two low-calcium diets on egg production in the domestic fowl. British Poultry Science 16: 547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilbert, A. B., Peddie, J., Mitchell, G. G. and Teague, P. W. (1981). The egg-laying response of the domestic hen to variation in dietary calcium. British Poultry Science 22: 537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gildersleeve, R. P., Johnson, W. A., Satterlee, D. G. and Scott, T. R. (1980). Serum biochemical rhythms in laying hens and in hens before a forced moult. Poultry Science 59: 1563.Google Scholar
Gildersleeve, R. P., Satterlee, D. G., Johnson, W. A. and Scott, T. R. (1982). The effects of forced moult treatment on selected steroids in hens. Poultry Science 61: 2362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glazener, E. W. and Jull, M. A. (1946). Effect of thiouracil on naturally occurring moult in the hen. Poultry Science 25: 533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwood, A. W. (1936). Physiology of the moult in the fowl. Weltgefluegelkundekonferenz 1: 265.Google Scholar
Hall, G. O. (1946). The artificial control of egg production. Poultry Science 25: 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, R. M. G. (1980). The effects of dietary phosphorus, vitamin D, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 levels on feed intake, productive performance and egg and shell quality in two strains of force-moulted White Leghorns. Poultry Science 59: 598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamm, D. and Welter, J. (1965). Studies on early force moult and extended lay. Poultry Science 44: 1376.Google Scholar
Hansen, R. S. (1960). The effect of methods of forced moulting on reproductive performance of chickens. Poultry Science 39: 1257.Google Scholar
Hansen, R. S. (1966). The effect of frequency of rests (forced moults) on hen performance and egg quality. Poultry Science 45: 1089.Google Scholar
Harms, R. H. (1983). Influence of protein level in the resting diet upon performance of force rested hens. Poultry Science 62: 273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harris, P. C. and Shaffner, C. S. (1957). Effect of season and thyroidal activity on the moult response to progesterone in chickens. Poultry Science 36: 1186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hembree, D. J., Adams, A. W. and Craig, J. V. (1980). Effects of force-moulting by conventional and experimental light restriction methods on performance and agonistic behaviour of hens. Poultry Science 59: 215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hendricks, W. A. (1933). A biometric study of moult in White Leghorn hens. Poultry Science 12: 287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herbert, J. A. and Cerniglia, G. J. (1978). Comparison of low sodium chloride, high zinc oxide and high potassium iodine for force pausing layers. Poultry Science 58: 1015.Google Scholar
Herrick, R. B. and Adams, J. L. (1957). The moulting action of desoxyorticosterone acetate in Single Comb White Leghorn pullets. Poultry Science 36: 1125.Google Scholar
Hill, R. T., Corkill, A. B. and Parkes, A. S. (1934). Hypophysectomy of birds. II. General hypophysectomy of birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 116: 208.Google Scholar
Himeno, K. and Tanabe, Y. (1957). Mechanism of moulting in the hen. Poultry Science 36: 835.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horst, P. and Petersen, J. (1968). Untersuchungen uber den einfluβ der zwangsmauser beim huhn auf legeleistung und eiqualital im. 2. Legejahr. Archives fur Geflugekunde 32: 98.Google Scholar
Horst, P. and Petersen, J. (1969). Beitrag zur auswirkung der zwangsmauser auf die wirtschaftlichkeit der legehennenhaltung im. 2. Legejaha. Archives fur Geflugelkunde 33: 103.Google Scholar
Hosoda, T., Kanedo, K., Mogi, K. and Abe, T. (1955). Effect of gonadotropic hormone on ovarian follicles and serum vitillin of fasting hens. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 88: 502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, B. O. and Whitehead, C. C. (1974). Sodium deprivation, feather picking and activity in laying hens. British Poultry Science 15: 435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, B. O. and Whitehead, C. C. (1979). Behavioural changes associated with the feeding of low-sodium diets to laying hens. Applied Animal Ethology 5: 255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurwitz, S. (1965). Calcium turnover in different bone segments of laying fowl. American Journal of Physiology 208: 203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hurwitz, S., Bornstein, S. and Leu, Y. (1975). Some responses of laying hens to induced arrest of egg production. Poultry Science 54: 415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingram, D. R., Wilson, H. R. and Mather, F. B. (1982). The response of the oviduct to White Leghorn hens to two methods of induced resting. Poultry Science 61: 1482.Google Scholar
Ishigaki, R., Ebisawa, S., Futamura, K. and Yamada, Y. (1973). Forced moulting in pullets and its effects on subsequent egg production in layers. Japanese Poultry Science 10: 12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishigaki, R., Ohori, Y., Ebisawa, S., Kinbara, K., Yamada, Y. and Nakajo, S. (1971). Forced moulting by methallibure (I.C.I. 33,828) a non-steroid anti-gonadotropic compound. Japanese Poultry Science 8: 77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juhn, M. and Harris, P. C. (1956). Responses in moult and lay of fowl to progestins and gonadotrophins. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 92: 709.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krueger, W. F., Bradley, J. W. and Atkinson, R. L. (1975). Influence of various moulting schedules on commercial layer performance. Poultry Science 54: 1340.Google Scholar
Lee, K. (1982). Effects of forced moult period on postmoult performance of Leghorn hens. Poultry Science 61: 1594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Len, R. E., Abplanalp, H. and Johnson, E. A. (1964). Second year production of force moulted hens in the California random sample test. Poultry Science 43: 638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marbel, D. R. (1962). An economic comparison of pullet and yearling hen flocks. Poultry Science 41: 1662.Google Scholar
Martin, G. A., Morris, T. B., Gehle, M. H. and Harwood, D. G. (1973). Force-moulting by limiting calcium intake. Poultry Science 52: 2058.Google Scholar
Mather, F. B., Ingram, D. R. and Wilson, H. R. (1982). Performance and oviductal histology of hens as influenced by low calcium and/or low sodium diets during a force moult. Poultry Science 61: 1385.Google Scholar
McCabe, C. and Garlich, J. (1982). Restriction of energy to moulted hens limits abdominal and liver fat in preference to yolk or egg weight. Poultry Science 61: 1389.Google Scholar
Mehner, A. and Torges, H.-G. (1966a). Eiqualitatsmerkmale vor und nach einer durch mauser bedingten legepause sowie in abhangigheit einiger anderer faktoren bei leghorn hennen. Archives fur Geflugelkunde 30: 1.Google Scholar
Mehner, A. and Torges, H.-G. (1966b). Eiqualitatsmerkmale vor und nach einer durch mauser bedingten legepause sowie in abhangigheit einiger anderer faktoren bei New Hampshire hennen. Archives fur Geflugelkunde 30: 265.Google Scholar
Mehner, A. and Torges, H.-G. (1966c). Der einfluβvondauer der mauser und temperatur wabrend der mauser auf die eiqualitat. Archives fur Gefelkunde 30: 460.Google Scholar
Mehner, A. and Torges, H.-G. (1967). Die auswirkung einer zwangsmauser sowie unterschiedlicher temperaturbeding ungen auf korpergewicht, legeleiostung und eiqualitat von leghornhennen des ensten legejahres. Archives fur Geflugelkunde 31: 77.Google Scholar
Mitschell, J. B. (1929). Experimental study of the hypophysis. I. The effect of hypophysectomy in Brown Leghorns. Physiological Zoologist 2: 411.Google Scholar
Monsi, A. and Enos, H. L. (1977). The effects of low dietary salt on egg production. Poultry Science 56: 1373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakazawa, M., Furuta, K. and Kitano, R. (1968). Studies on the forced moulting in layers. 1. Effects of the forced moulting in spring on the performance of the layer. Japanese Poultry Science 5: 131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakazawa, M., Furuta, K., Fuke, T. and Geshi, H. (1970). Studies on the forced moulting in layers. II. Effect of the forced moulting in autumn on the performance of the layer. Japanese Poultry Science 7: 12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nesbeth, W. G., Douglas, C. R. and Harms, R. H. (1974). Response of laying hens to a low salt diet. Poultry Science 53: 1961.Google Scholar
Nesbeth, W. G., Douglas, C. R. and Harms, R. H. (1976). The potential use of dietary salt deficiency for the force resting of laying hens. Poultry Science 55: 2375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nevalainen, T. J. (1969). The effect of calcium-deficient diet on the reproductive organs of the hen (Gallus domesticus). Poultry Science 48: 653.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noles, R. K. (1966). Subsequent production and egg quality of forced moulted hens. Poultry Science 45: 50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nordstrom, J. O. (1980). Albumen quality of eggs laid during moult induction. Poultry Science 59: 1711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palafox, A. L. (1976). Comparative performance of non-force moulted and force-moulted White Leghorn hens. Poultry Science 55: 2076.Google Scholar
Parkhurst, C. R. and Garlich, J. D. (1976). Maintenance of egg production by feeding marine shell during the first days of the force moult period. Poultry Science 55: 2076.Google Scholar
Perdomo, J. T., Harms, R. H. and Arrington, L. R. (1966). Effect of dietary iodine upon egg production, fertility and hatchability. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 122: 758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perek, M. and Sulman, F. (1945). The basal metabolic rate in moulting and laying hens. Endocrinology 36: 240.Google Scholar
Perek, M., Eckstein, B. and Sobel, H. (1957). Histological observations on the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in moulting and laying hens. Poultry Science 36: 954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petersen, J. and Horst, P. (1976). Die auswirkung unterschiedlicher behandlungen zur einleitung einer legepause auf korpergewichtsentwicklung und leistungsgeschehen bei legehennen. Archives fur Geflugelkunde 40: 13.Google Scholar
Pino, J. A. (1955). Force moulting (interruption of egg laying) in White Leghorn hens by the use of enheptin (2-amino, 5-nitrothiazole). Poultry Science 34: 540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, J. E., Nixon, C. and Rogers, C. A. (1908). The moulting of fowls. Cornell Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin No. 258: 19.Google Scholar
Riley, G. M. and Byerly, T. C. (1943). Influence of increased light on progress of moult and egg production in yearling Rhode Island Red hens. Poultry Science 22: 301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robblee, A. R. and Clandinin, D. R. (1955). The use of 2-amino, 5-nitrothiazole for the induction of moult in yearling hens. Poultry Science 34: 991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, R. H. and Francis, D. W. (1979). The effect of two moulting methods on the performance of Hyline and Shaver hens. Poultry Science 58: 1098.Google Scholar
SR.Roland, D. A. and Brake, J. (1982). Influence of premoult production on postmoult performance with explanations for improvement in egg production due to force moulting. Poultry Science 61: 2473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SR.Roland, D. A. and Bushong, R. D. (1978). The influence of force moulting on the incidence of uncollectable eggs. Poultry Science 57: 22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SR.Roland, D. A. and Bushong, R. D. (1979). Body-checked, misshapen and pimpled eggs as influenced by force moulting. Poultry Science 58: 955.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, E. and Herrick, R. B. (1981). Forced rest induced by moult or low-salt diet and subsequent hen performance. Poultry Science 60: 63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Safi, L. M. and Miller, B. F. (1969). Inducing and controlling reproductive pauses in laying hens. Poultry Science 48: 1865.Google Scholar
Scott, J. T. and Creger, C. R. (1976). The use of zinc as an effective moulting agent in laying hens. Poultry Science 55: 2089.Google Scholar
Shaffner, C. S. (1954). Feather papilla stimulations by progesterone. Science 120: 345.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaffner, C. S. (1955). Progesterone induced moult. Poultry Science 34: 840.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherwood, D. H., Milby, T. T. and Higgins, W. A. (1956). The effect of nicarbazin on reproduction in White Rock breeder hens. Poultry Science 35: 1014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shippee, R. L., Stake, P. E., Koehn, U., Lambert, J. L. and Simmons, R. W. III, (1979). High dietary zinc or magnesium as forced-resting agents for laying hens. Poultry Science 58: 949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, D. L. (1966). Rentabilitat von legehydriden in der zweiten legeperiode. Archives fur Geflugelkunde 30: 482.Google Scholar
Smith, A. H., Bond, G. H., Ramsey, K. W., Reck, D. G. and Spoon, J. E. (1957). Size and rate of involutions of the hen's reproductive organs. Poultry Science 36: 346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, E. S. and Orr, H. L. (1960). The effect of length of lay, holding temperature, holding time and forced moulting on egg quality. Poultry Science 39: 1297.Google Scholar
Stake, P. E., Frederickson, T. N., Okulicz, W., Shippee, R. L. and Fournier, D. J. (1979). Tamoxifen induced forced rest/moult in laying hens. Poultry Science 58: 1111.Google Scholar
Sulman, F. and Perek, M. (1947). Influence of thiouracil on the basal metabolic rate and on moulting in hens. Endocrinology 41: 514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Summers, J. D. and Leeson, S. (1977). Sequential effects of restricted feeding and force-moulting on laying hen performance. Poultry Science 56: 600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sus, H. (1974). Ergebnisse von zwangsmausevversuchen in praxishetrieben. Archives fur Geflugelkunde 38: 9.Google Scholar
Swanson, M. H., Bell, D. D. and Kuney, D. R. (1978). Effects of water restriction and feed withdrawal time on forced moult performance. Poultry Science 57: 1166.Google Scholar
Swanson, M. H., Bell, D. D. and Little, T. M. (1969). Effect of feeding programme during a forced moult on subsequent production. Poultry Science 48: 1881.Google Scholar
Tanabe, Y., Himeno, K. and Nozaki, H. (1957). Thyroid and ovarian function in relation to moulting in the hen. Endocrinology 61: 661.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, M. W. and Russell, W. C. (1943). Anattempt to shorten the moult and to stimulate egg production by the feeding of methionine. Poultry Science 22: 334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torrey, H. B. and Horning, B. (1922). The effects of thyroid feeding on the moulting process and feather structure of the domestic fowl. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 19: 275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Der Meulen, J. B. (1939). Hormonal regulation of moult and ovulation. Seventh World's Poultry Congress Proceedings, p. 109.Google Scholar
Weiss, H. S., Fisher, H. and Griminger, P. (1960). Chemical control of onset of egg production. Poultry Science 39: 1221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitehead, C. C. and Shannon, D. W. F. (1974). The control of egg production using a low-sodium diet. British Poultry Science 15: 429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitehead, C. C. and Sharp, P. J. (1976). An assessment of the optimal range of dietary sodium for inducing a pause in laying. British Poultry Science 17: 601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, H. R., Fry, J. L., Harms, R. H. and Arrington, L. R. (1967). Performance of hens moulted by various methods. Poultry Science 46: 1406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolford, J. H., Gross, W. B., Dunnington, E. A. and Siegel, P. B. (1983). Reproductive response of laying hens to corticosterone feeding. Poultry Science 62: (In press).Google Scholar
Yu, J. Y. L. and Marquardt, R. R. (1974). Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the chicken (Gallus domesticus) oviduct during a reproductive cycle. Poultry Science 53: 1096.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zeddies, J. (1981). Betriebswirtschaftliche betrachtungen zur durchfuhrung der mauser bei legehennen. Archives fur Geflugelkunde 45: 158.Google Scholar
Zeelen, H. H. M. (1975). Technical and economic results from forced moulting of laying hens. World's Poultry Science Journal 31: 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zavadovsky, B. M. (1925). The effect of feeding fowls on thyroid gland. Endocrinology 9: 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar