Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T12:20:24.331Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Epidemiology of broiler diseases in Mississippi

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

Queila Surumay ,
J. Paul Thaxton  and
C. Reagan Sadler
Queila Surumay
Affiliation:
Poultry Science Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi 39762, USA
J. Paul Thaxton
Affiliation:
Fonaiap, Instituto Investigaciones Veterinarias, Apartado Postal, Maracay, Estado Aragua, Venezuela
C. Reagan Sadler
Affiliation:
Central Industries Inc., Forest, Mississippi, USA
Get access

Abstract

At the Central Industries' laboratory in Mississippi, USA a total of 15 689 cases were diagnosed as positive for poultry diseases between 1970 and 1990. The average number of cases diagnosed per year was 784, ranging from 319 in 1974 to 1319 in 1989. A total of 52 diseases or conditions is included in the results of this survey. Each case was categorized into one of seven aetiological groups. The principal diagnosis over the 20-year period was bacterial diseases (6979 cases), followed by diseases of unknown aetiology (3660 cases), parasitic diseases (2515 cases), viral diseases (1121 cases), management errors (771 cases), nutritional deficiencies (339 cases) and fungal diseases (304 cases). Although the total incidence of disease did not appear to vary from one season to another, hot weather resulted in more skeletal diseases being diagnosed while fowl pox and ‘brooder pneumonia’ were most prevalent in cold weather. Tapeworm infestations were highest in the autumn.

Keywords

BroilerepidemiologydiseaseMississippisurveyUSA
Type
Research Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 51 , Issue 1 , March 1995 , pp. 27 - 49
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexander, D.J. (1986) The classification, host range and distribution of avian paramyxoviruses. In: Acute Virus Infections of Poultry (Eds McFerran, J.F. and McNulty, M.S.), Martinus Nijhoff Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 52–66CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, D.J. (1988) Newcastle disease: methods of spread. In: Newcastle Disease (Ed. Alexander, D.J.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, pp. 256–272CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Sheikhly, F. and Al-Saieg, A. (1980) Role of coccidiosis in the occurrence of necrotic enteritis of chickens. Avian Diseases 24: 324–333CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Al-Sheikhly, F. and Truscott, R.B. (1977) The pathology of necrotic enteritis of chickens following infusion of crude toxins of Clostridium perfringens into the duodenum. Avian Diseases 21: 244–255Google ScholarPubMed
Anonymous (1985) The National Poultry Improvement Plan and Auxiliary Provisions. USDA, APHIS, Beltsville, USAGoogle Scholar
Austic, R.E. and Scott, M.L. (1991) Nutritional diseases. In: Diseases of Poultry, 9th edn (Eds Calnek, B.W., Barnes, H.J., Beard, C.W., Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. Jr), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 49–71Google Scholar
Azuma, R. and Itoh, T. (1987) Botulism in waterfowl and distribution of C. botulinum type C in Japan. In: Avian Botulism: International Perspective (Eds Elklund, M.W. and Dowell, V.R. Jr), Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, pp. 167–187Google Scholar
Baas, E.J. and Jasper, D.E. (1972) Agar block technique for identification of mycoplasma by use of fluorescent antibody. Applied Microbiology 23: 1097–1100CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baxendale, W. and Lutticken, D. (1981) The results of field trials with an inactivated Gumboro vaccine. Development of Biological Standards 51: 211–219Google Scholar
Booth, N.H. (1988) Drugs and chemical residues in the edible tissue of animals. In: Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 6th edn (Eds Booth, N.H. and McDonald, L.E.), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 1149–1205Google Scholar
Calnek, B.W. and Fabricant, J. (1981) Immunity to infectious avian encephalomyelitis. In: Avian Immunology (Eds Rose, M.E., Payne, L.W. and Freeman, B.M.), British Poultry Science Ltd, Edinburgh, pp. 235–244Google Scholar
Calnek, B.W. and Witter, R.L. (1991) Neoplastic diseases. In: Diseases of Poultry, 9th edn (Eds Calnek, B.W., Barnes, H.J., Beard, C.W., Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. Jr), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 342–385Google Scholar
Chute, H.L. (1991) Thrush (mycosis of the digestive tract). In: Diseases of Poultry, 9th edn (Eds Calnek, B.W., Barnes, H.J., Beard, C.W., Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. Jr), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 335–340Google Scholar
Clark, D.S., Jones, E.E., Crout, W.B. and Ross, F.K. (1954) Aspergillosis in newly hatched chicks. Journal of the Veterinary Medical Association 124: 116–117Google ScholarPubMed
Clark, W.E. (1987) Avian botulism. In: Avian Botulism: An International Perspective (Eds Eklund, M.W. and Dowell, V.R.), Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, pp. 89–105Google Scholar
Colnago, G.L., Gore, T., Jensen, L.S. and Long, P.L. (1985) Amelioration of pale bird syndrome in chicks by vitamin E and selenium. Avian Diseases 27: 312–316CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dhillon, A.S. (1986) Pathology of avian adenovirus serotypes in the presence of Escherichia coli infectious-bursal-disease-virus-infected-specific-pathogen-free chickens. Avian Diseases 30: 81–86CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, H.M. Jr, (1984) Studies on the etiology of tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens. Journal of Nutrition 114: 1001–1013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Engel, R.W., Phillips, P.H. and Halpin, J.G. (1940) The effect of a riboflavin deficiency in the hen upon embryonic development of the chick. Poultry Science 19: 135–142CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fadly, A.M. and Winterfield, R.W. (1973) Isolation and some characteristics of an agent associated with inclusion body hepatitis, hemorrhages and aplastic anemia in chicks. Avian Diseases 17: 182–193CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fadly, A.M., Winterfield, R.W. and Olander, H.J. (1976) Role of the bursa of Fabricius in the pathogenicity of inclusion body hepatitis and infectious bursal disease viruses. Avian Diseases 20: 407–472CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ficken, M.D. (1991) Gangrenous dermatitis. In: Diseases of Poultry, 9th edn (Eds Calnek, B.W., Barnes, H.J., Beard, C.W., Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. Jr), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 268–270Google Scholar
Frost, S.W. (1942) Insect Life and Insect Natural History, 2nd edn, Dover Publication, New York, pp. 117–158Google Scholar
Garlich, J.D., Edens, F.W. and Parkhurst, C.R. (1978) The phosphorus requirement of laying hens with special reference to high environmental temperature. Proceedings XIV World's Poultry Congress IV-EF: 598–609Google Scholar
Gilardi, G.I. (1985) Pseudomonas. In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 4th edn (Eds Lennette, E.H., Balows, A., Housler, W.J. Jr, and Shadony, H.J.), American Society of Microbiology, Washington, DC, pp. 350–372Google Scholar
Grimes, J.E. (1986) Chlamydia psittaci latex agglutination antigen for rapid detection of antibody activity in avian sera: Comparison with direct compliment fixation and isolation results. Avian Diseases 30: 60–66CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, W.B. (1958) Symposium on chronic respiratory diseases of poultry. II. The role of Escherichia coli in the cause of chronic respiratory disease and certain other respiratory diseases. American Journal of Veterinary Research 19: 448–452Google ScholarPubMed
Gross, W.B. (1966) Electrocardiographic changes of Escherichia coli infected birds. American Journal of Veterinary Research 27: 1427–1436Google Scholar
Gross, W.B. (1991) Colibacillosis. In: Diseases of Poultry, 9th edn (Eds Calnek, B.W., Barnes, H.J., Beard, C.W., Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. Jr), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 138–144Google Scholar
Haley, J.T., Nelson, T.S., Kirby, L.K. and Johnson, Z.B. (1987) Effect of altering dietary mineral balance on growth, leg abnormalities and blood bone excess in broiler chicks. Poultry Science 66: 1684–1692CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harry, E.G. (1964) The survival of E. coli in the dust of poultry houses. Veterinary Record 76: 466–470Google Scholar
Ikeme, M.M. (1971) Observations on the pathogenicity of Ascaridia galli. Parasitology 63: 169–179CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jungherr, E.L. (1934) Mycosis in fowl caused by yeast-like fungi. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association 3: 500–506Google Scholar
Karim, M.R. and Ali, M.R. (1975) Survey of bacterial flora from chicken embryos and their effect on low hatchability. Bangladesh Veterinary Journal 10: 15–18Google Scholar
King, D.J. and Cavanagh, D. (1991) Infectious bronchitis. In: Diseases of Poultry, 9th edn (Eds Calnek, B.W., Barnes, H.J., Beard, C.W., Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. Jr), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 471–484Google Scholar
Klopp, S. (1975) Control of anemia and dermatitis. Proceedings 10th National Meeting on Poultry Health and Condemnations, Delmar, Maryland, pp. 13–18Google Scholar
Kostin, V.V. (1966): Razrabotka rezhimovdezinfektsii pri kandidamikose ptits. Trudy Vses. Inst. Vet. Sanit. 26: 157–162Google Scholar
Kubena, L.F., Sadler, C.R., Haynes, R.L., Vardaman, T.H. and Deaton, J.W. (1976) Effect of fish and poultry byproducts meal on the small intestine and gizzard of broilers. Poultry Science 55: 30–33CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Labosky, P. Jr, Holiman, K.A., Dick, J.W. and Thiso, D. (1977) Utilization of bark residues as poultry litter. Forest Products Journal 27: 28–32Google Scholar
Leach, R.M. Jr, (1983) Role of nutrition in contemporary leg problems. Proceedings 18th National Meeting on Poultry Health and Condemnations, Ocean City, Maryland, pp. 66–68Google Scholar
Leach, R.M. Jr, and Nesheim, M.C. (1972) Further studies on tibial dyschondroplasia (cartilage abnormality) in young chickens. Journal of Nutrition 102: 1673–1680CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, P.H., Lee, S.R., Rowland, G.N. and Britton, W.M. (1984) Experimental rickets in broilers: Gross, microscopic and radiographic lesions. II. Calcium deficiency. Avian Diseases 28: 921–932CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Long, P.L. and Rose, M.E. (1982) Prospects of the control of coccidiosis by immunization. World's Poultry Science Journal 38: 85–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lukert, P.D. and Saif, Y.M. (1991) Infectious bursal disease. In: Diseases of Poultry, 9th edn (Eds Calnek, B.W., Barnes, H.J., Beard, C.W., Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. Jr), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 648–663Google Scholar
Lusis, P.I. and Soltys, M.A. (1971) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Veterinary Bulletin 41: 169–177Google Scholar
Maxey, B.W. and Page, R.K. (1977) Efficacy of lincomycin feed medication for the control of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 56: 1909–1913CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCormick, C.C. and Garlich, J.D. (1982) The interaction of phosphorus nutrition and fasting on the survival of young chickens acutely exposed to high temperatures. Poultry Science 61: 331–336CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCormick, C.C., Garlich, J.D. and Edens, F.W. (1978) The interrelationships of fasting and dietary phosphorus in young chickens exposed to an acute heat stress. Poultry Science 57: 1155Google Scholar
McCormick, C.C., Garlich, J.D. and Edens, F.W. (1979) Fasting and diet affect the tolerance of young chickens exposed to acute heat stress. Journal of Nutrition 109: 1797–1809CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCormick, C.C., Garlich, J.D. and Edens, F.W. (1980) Phosphorus nutrition and fasting: Interrelated factors which affect the survival of young chickens exposed to high ambient temperature. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 126: 604–606Google Scholar
McDougald, L.R. and Reid, W.M. (1991) Coccidiosis. In: Diseases of Poultry, 9th edn (Eds Calnek, B.W., Barnes, H.J., Beard, C.W., Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. Hr), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 780–797Google Scholar
McFerran, J.B., McCracken, R.M., Conner, T.J. and Evans, R.T. (1976) Isolation of viruses from clinical outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis. Avian Pathology 5: 315–324CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meyer, K.F. (1967) The hose spectrum of psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum (PL) agents. American Journal of Ophthalmology 63: 1225–1246CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, (1895) On a pathogenic bacillus of the hog-cholera group associated with a fatal disease in pigeons. Bulletin. Bureau of Animal Industry. USDAA 8: 71–76Google Scholar
Morgan, G.W. and Malone, G.W. (1993) Economic impact of the Mississippi poultry industry. Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experimental Station Bulletin 88 -5: 1–10Google Scholar
Muelemans, G. (1988) Control by vaccination. In: Newcastle Disease (Ed Alexander, D.J.), Kluwer Academic Publications, Boston, pp. 318–322CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagaraja, R.V., Pomeroy, B.S. and Williams, J.E. (1991) Parathyroid infections. In: Diseases of Poultry, 9th edn (Eds Calnek, B.W., Barnes, H.J., Beard, C.W., Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. Jr), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 99–130Google Scholar
Nairn, M.E. (1973) Bacterial osteomyelitis and synovitis of the turkey. Avian Diseases 17: 504–517CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noguchi, T., Cantor, A.H. and Scott, M.L. (1973) Mode of action of selenium and vitamin E in prevention of exudative diathesis in chicks. Journal of Nutrition 103: 1502–1511CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olson, N.O., Bletner, J.K., Shelton, D.C., Munro, D.A. and Anderson, G.C. (1954) Enlarged joint condition in poultry caused by an infectious agent. Poultry Science 33: 1025Google Scholar
Olson, N.O., Shelton, D.C., Bletner, J.K., Munro, D.A. and Anderson, G.C. (1956) Studies of infectious synovitis in chickens. American Journal of Veterinary Research 17: 747–754Google Scholar
Olson, N.O., Shelton, D.C. and Munro, D.A. (1957) Infectious synovitis control by medication. Effect of strain differences and pleuropneumonia-like organisms. American Journal of Veterinary Research 18: 735–739Google ScholarPubMed
Orajaka, L.J.E. and Mohan, K. (1985) Aerobic bacterial flora from dead-in-shell chicken embryos from Nigeria. Avian Diseases 29: 583–589CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Osweiler, G.D., Cardon, T.L., Buck, W.B. and Van Gelder, G.A. (1985) Clinical and Diagnostic Veterinary Toxicology, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, IowaGoogle Scholar
Pappenheimer, A.M., Goettsch, M. and Jungherr, E. (1939) Nutritional encephalomalacia in chicks and certain related disorders of domestic birds. Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin 229Google Scholar
Prescott, J.F., Vendra, R.S. and Barnum, D.A. (1978) The use of bacitracin in the prevention and treatment of experimentally induced necrotic enteritis in the chicken. Canadian Veterinary Journal 19: 181–183Google ScholarPubMed
Randall, C.J., Siler, W.G., Wallis, A.S. and Kirkpatrick, K.S. (1984) Multiple infections in young broilers. Veterinary Record 114: 270–271CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reid, W.M. (1962) Chicken and turkey tapeworms. Handbook of Poultry Diseases, University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia, pp. 1–78Google Scholar
Reid, W.M. (1991) Cestodes and trematodes. In: Diseases of Poultry, 9th edn (Eds Calnek, B.W., Barnes, H.J., Beard, C.W., Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. Jr), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 764–778Google Scholar
Rhoades, K.E. and Rimler, R.B. (1984) Avian pasteurellosis. In: Diseases of Poultry, 8th edn (Eds Hofstad, M.S., Barnes, H.J., Calnek, B.W., Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. Jr), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 141–156Google Scholar
Riddell, C. (1981) Skeletal deformities in poultry. Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine 25: 277–310Google ScholarPubMed
Riddell, C. (1991) Developmental, metabolic and miscellaneous disorders. In: Diseases of Poultry, 9th edn (Eds Calnek, B.W., Barnes, H.J., Beard, C.W., Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. Jr), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 827–862Google Scholar
Riddell, C. and Orr, J.P. (1980) Chemical studies of the blood and histological studies of the heart of broiler chickens dying from acute death syndrome. Avian Diseases 24: 751–757CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenberger, J.K. and Olson, N.O. (1991) Reovirus infections. In: Diseases of Poultry, 9th edn (Eds Calnek, B.W., Barnes, H.J., Beard, C.W., Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. Jr), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 639–641Google Scholar
Rosenberger, J.K., Fries, P.A., Cloud, S.S. and Wilson, R.A. (1985) In vitro and in vivo characterization of avian Escherichia coli. II. Factors associated with pathogenicity. Avian Diseases 29: 1094–1107CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenberger, J.K., Klopp, S., Eckroade, R.J. and Krauss, W.C. (1975) The role of infectious bursal agent and several avian adenoviruses in the hemorrhagic-aplastic anemia syndrome and gangrenous dermatitis. Avian Diseases 19: 717–729CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruff, M.D. (1991) Nematodes and acanthocephalans. In: Diseases of Poultry, 9th edn (Eds Calnek, B.W., Barnes, H.J., Beard, C.W., Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. Jr), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 731–763Google Scholar
Sauveur, B. and Mongin, P. (1978) Tibial dyschondroplasia, a cartilage abnormality in poultry. Annales de Biologie Animale, Biochimie et Biophysique 18: 82–98CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, G.D. (1986) Handbook of Tapeworms: Identification. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FloridaGoogle Scholar
Siccardi, F.J. (1966) Identification and disease producing ability of Escherichia coli associated with E. coli infection of chickens and turkeys. MS Thesis, University of Minnesota St. Paul, MinnesotaGoogle Scholar
Skeeles, J.K. (1991) Staphylococcus. In: Diseases of Poultry, 9th edn (Eds Calnek, B.W., Barnes, H.J., Beard, C.W., Reid, W.M. and Yoder, H.W. Jr), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 293–299Google Scholar
Sojka, W.J. (1965) Escherichia coli in Domestic Animals and Poultry, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, Farnham Royal, Berkshire, UK, p. 231Google Scholar
Thiso, D., Dick, J.W., Holleman, K.A. and Labrosky, P. (1978) Mold spore populations in bark residues used as broiler litter. Poultry Science 57: 870–874Google Scholar
Tripathy, D.N. (1989) In: A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens, 3rd edn (Eds Purchase, H.G., Asp, L.H., Domermuth, C.H. and Pearson, J.E.), Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, Iowa, pp. 103–105Google Scholar
Whiteman, C.E. and Bickford, A.A. (1989) Avian Disease Manual, AAAP, 3rd edn, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, Iowa, pp. 42–43Google Scholar
Willemart, J.P. (1980) Staphylococcal synovitis in poultry and its treatment with triamulin. Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France 53: 209–213CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yuasa, N., Tanikguchi, T. and Yoshida, I. (1979) Isolation and some characteristics of an agent inducing anemia in chicks. Avian Diseases 23: 366–385CrossRefGoogle Scholar