Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T01:12:52.110Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Early nutritional strategies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 December 2010

Y. NOY  and
Z. UNI
Y. NOY*
Affiliation:
Miloubar Feed Mill, MP Ashrat, Israel
Z. UNI
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University, Israel
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The embryonic and immediate post-hatch developmental period represents a significant phase in attaining quality broiler performance at marketing. An efficient transition period from late term embryo to a viable independent chick is necessary to achieve such results. Immediately, post-hatch birds must undergo a shift from egg and embryonic nutrients to exogenous feed. Under practical conditions, many birds have access to feed only 36 to 48 hours after hatching, and during this time body weight decreases, and intestine and muscle development are retarded. In order to overcome these limitations, a continuous feeding process can be established which would supply nutrients to the developing embryo, feed and water to the newly hatched chick within the hatchery, and a highly digestible pre-starter diet at placement. In ovo feeding stimulates intestinal development by enhancing villi, increasing intestinal capacity to digest and absorb nutrients and provides a basis for muscle growth. Immediate access to feed (1 hour after clearing the shell) initiates uptake and growth processes some 24 hours post-ingestion compared to poultry with delayed feed intake. The enhanced growth caused by early feeding improves nutritional maturity of the bird, stimulates yolk utilisation, increases intestinal development, and has long term metabolic effects. Providing highly digestible ingredients in the pre-starter diet increases body weight performance at day seven, and through to marketing. Together, these processes provide appropriate nutrition pre- and post-hatch which can accelerate gastrointestinal development, muscle growth and therefore result in increased performance. This paper will summarise studies dealing with the different approaches to early nutritional strategies in our modern, fast growing broiler.

Keywords

embryochickin ovo feedingearly feeding
Type
Review Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 66 , Issue 4 , December 2010 , pp. 639 - 646
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ANTHONY, N.B., DUNNINGTON, E.A. and SIEGEL, P.B. (1989) Embryo growth of normal and dwarf chickens from lines selected for high and low body weight. Archives fur Geflügelkunde 53: 116-122.Google Scholar
BATAL, A.B. and PARSONS, C.M. (2002) Effect of fasting versus feeding oasis after hatching on nutrient utilization in chicks. Poultry Science 81: 853-859.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BIGOT, K., MIGNON GRASTEAU, S., PICARD, M. and TESSERAUD, S. (2003) Effects of delayed feed intake on body, intestine and muscle development in neonate broilers. Poultry Science 82: 781-788.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BOERSMA, S.T., ROBINSON, F.E., RENEMA, A. and FASENKA, G.M. (2003) Administering oasis™ hatching supplement prior to chick placement increases initial growth with no effect on body weight uniformity of female broiler breeders after 3 weeks of age. Journal of Applied Research 12: 428-434.Google Scholar
CAREGHI, C., TONA, K., ONAGBESAN, O., BUYSE, J., DECUYPERE, E. and BRUGGEMAN, V. (2005) The effects of the spread of hatch and interaction with delayed feed access after hatch on broiler performance until seven days of age. Poultry Science 84: 1314-1320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
CHRISTENSEN, V.L., WINELAND, M.J., FASENKO, G.M. and DONALDSON, W.E. (2001) Egg storage effects on plasma glucose and supply and demand tissue glycogen concentrations of broiler embryos. Poultry Science 80:1729-1735.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
CHRISTENSEN, V.L. and BIELLIER, H.V. (1982) Physiology of turkey embryos during pipping and hatching. iv. thyroid function in embryos from selected hens. Poultry Science 61: 2482-2488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
CHRISTENSEN, V.L., DONALDSON, W.E. and NESTOR, K.E. (1999) Length of the plateau and pipping stages of incubation affects the physiology and survival of turkeys. British Poultry Science 40: 297-303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
COLLIN, A., BERRI, C., TESSERAUD, S., RODON, F.E., SKIBA-CASSY, S., CROCHET, S., DUCLOS, M., RIDEAU, N., TONA, K., BUYSE, J., BRUGGEMAN, V., DECUYPERE, E., PICARD, M. and YAHAV, S. (2007) Effects of thermal manipulation during early and late embryogenesis on thermo-tolerance and breast muscle characteristics in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 86: 795-800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DE OLIVEIRA, J.E., UNI, Z. and FERKET, P.R. (2008) Important metabolic pathways in poultry embryos prior to hatch. World's Poultry Science Journal 64: 488-499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DIBNER, J.J., KITCHELL, M.L., ATWELL, C.A., DOWNS, A.C. and IVEY, F.J. (1996) The effect of dietary ingredients and age on the microscopic structure of the gastrointestinal tract in poultry. Journal Applied Poultry Research 5: 70-77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DIBNER, J.J., KNIGHT, C.D., KITCHELL, M.L., ATWELL, C.A., DOWNS, A.C. and IVEY, F.J. (1998) Early feeding and development of the immune system in neonatal poultry. Journal Applied Poultry Research 7: 425-436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DONALDSON, W.E. and CHRISTENSEN, V.L. (1991) Dietary carbohydrate level and glucose metabolism in turkey poults. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology a 98: 347-350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DONALDSON, W.E., CHRISTENSEN, V.L. and KRUEGER, K.K. (1991) Effects of stressors on blood glucose and hepatic glycogen concentrations in turkey poults. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology a 100: 945-947.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
FAIRCHILD, B.D., NORHCUT, J.K., MAULDING, J.M., BUHR, R.J., RICHARDSON, L.J. and COX, N.A. (2006) Influence of water provision to chicks before placement and effects on performance and incidence of unabsorbed yolk sacs. Journal Applied Poultry Research 15: 538-543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GEYRA, A., UNI, Z. and SKLAN, D. (2001) Enterocyte dynamics and mucosal development in the post-hatch chick. Poultry Science 80: 776-782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GILBERT, E.R., LI, H., EMMERSON, D.A., WEBB, K.E. JR and WONG, E.A. (2007) Developmental regulation of nutrient transporter and enzyme MRNA abundance in the small intestine of broilers. Poultry Science 86(8): 1739-53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HALEVY, O., GEYRA, A., BARAK, M., UNI, Z. and SKLAN, D. (2000) Early post-hatch starvation decreases satellite cell proliferation and skeletal muscle growth in chicks. Journal of Nutrition 130: 858-864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HALEVY, O., NADEL, Y., BARAK, M., ROZENBOIM, I. and SKLAN, D. (2003) Early post-hatch feeding stimulates satellite cell profileration and skeletal muscle growth in turkey poults. Journal of Nutrition 133: 1376-1382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HENDERSON, S.N., VICENTE, J.L., PIXLEY, C.M., HARGIS, B.M. and TELLEZ, G. (2008) Effect of an early nutritional supplement on broiler performance. International Journal of Poultry Science 7: 211-214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
JIN, S.H., CORLESS, A. and SELL, J.L. (1998) Digestive system development in post hatch poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal 54: 335-345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
JUUL-MADSEN, H.R., SU, G. and SORENSEN, P. (2004) Influence of early or late start of first feeding on growth and immune phenotype of broilers. British Poultry Science 45: 210-222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KIDD, M.T., TAYLOR, J.W., PAGE, C.M., LOTT, B.D. and CHAMBLEE, T.N. (2007) Hatchery feeding of starter diets to broiler chicks. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 16: 234-239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KORNASIO, R., RIEDERER, I., BUTLER-BROWNE, G., MOULY, V., UNI, Z. and HALEVY, O. (2009) Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (hmb) stimulates myogenic cell proliferation, differentiation and survival via the mapk/erk and pi3k/akt pathways. Biochemistry Biophysiology Acta 1793(5): 755-763.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KNIGHT, C.D. and DIBNER, J.J. (1998) Nutritional programming in hatchling poultry: why a good start is important. Poultry Digestion aug/sept: 20-26.Google Scholar
LEESON, S. and SUMMERS, J.D. (2001) Scott's nutrition of the chicken. University Books, Guelph, Ontario Canada.Google Scholar
LEESON, S. (2008) Predictions for commercial poultry nutrition. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 17: 315-322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LEKSRISOMPONG, N., ROMERO-SANCHEZ, H., PLUMSTEAD, P.W., BRANNAN, K.E. and BRAKE, J. (2007) Broiler incubation.1.effect of elevated temperature during late incubation on body weight and organs of chicks. Poultry Science 86: 2685-2691.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MOORE, D.T., FERKET, P.R. and MOZDZIAK, P.E. (2005) The effect of early nutrition on satellite cell dynamics in the young turkey. Poultry Science 84: 748-756.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MORAN, E.T. (1985) Digestion and absorption in fowl and events through perinatal development. Journal of Nutrition 115(5): 665-674.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MORAN, E.T. (1990) Effects of egg weight, glucose administration at hatch, and delayed access to feed and water on poultry at 2 weeks of age. Poultry Science 69: 1718-1723.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MORAN, E.T. (2007) Nutrition of the developing embryo and hatchling. Poultry Science 86: 1043-1049.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NISSEN, S., FULLER, J.C. JR, SELL, J., FERKET, P.R. and RIVES, D.V. (1994) The effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on growth, mortality, and carcass qualities of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 73: 137-155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NOY, Y. and SKLAN, D. (1997) Pos-hatch development in Poultry. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 6: 344-354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NOY, Y. and SKLAN, D. (1998) Yolk utilization in the newly hatched poultry. British Poultry Science 39: 446-451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NOY, Y. and SKLAN, D. (1999a) Different types of early feeding and performance in chicks and poults. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 8: 16-24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NOY, Y. and SKLAN, D. (1999b) Energy utilization in newly hatched chicks. Poultry Science 78: 1750-1756.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NOY, Y. and SKLAN, D. (2001) Yolk and exogenous feed utilization in the post-hatch chick. Poultry Science 80: 1490-1495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PINCHASOV, Y. and NOY, Y. (1993) Comparison of post-hatch holding time and subsequent early performance of broiler chicks and turkey poults. British Poultry Science 34: 111-120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SMIRNOV, A., TAKO, E., FERKET, P.R. and UNI. Z., (2006) Mucin gene expression and mucin content in the chicken intestinal goblet cells are affected by in ovo feeding of carbohydrates. Poultry Science 85: 669-673.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ROMANOFF, A.L. (1960) The avian embryo. Macmillan, New York, NY.Google Scholar
TAKO, E., FERKET, P.R. and UNI, Z. (2004) The effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on the development of chicken intestine. Poultry Science 83: 2023-2028.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
TAKO, E., FERKET, P.R. and UNI, Z. (2005) Changes in chicken intestinal zinc exporter (znt1) mrna expression and small intestine functionality following an intra amniotic zinc-methionine (znmet) administration. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 16(6): 339-346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TARVID, I. (1992) Effect of early postnatal long term fasting on the development of peptide hydrolysis in chicks. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology 1010: 161-166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TONA, K., ONAGBESAN, O.M., JEGO, Y., KAMERS, B., DECUYPERE, E. and BRUGGEMAN, V. (2004) Comparison of embryo physiological parameters during incubation, chick quality, and growth performance of three lines of broiler breeders differing in genetic composition and growth rate. Poultry Science 83: 507-513.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
TONA, K.F., BARNELIS, B., DE KETTELAERE, V., BRUGGERMAN, V., MORAES, B.M., BUYSE, J., ONAGBESAN, O. and DECUYPERE, E. (2003) Effects of egg storage time on spread of hatch, chick quality and chick juvenile growth. Poultry Science 82: 736-741.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
TWEED, S. (2005) The hatch window. Cobb-Vantress Technical Focus. Vol. 2 Siloam Springs, AR.Google Scholar
UNI, Z. (2006) Early development of small intestinal function, in: G.C. PERRY (Ed.) Avian Gut Function in Health and Disease, pp. 29-42 (Cab International).Google Scholar
UNI, Z. and FERKET, P.R. (2003) Enhancement of development of oviparous species by in ovo feeding. US Patent Number 6,592,878. Issued: July 15, 2003.Google Scholar
UNI, Z., TAKO, E., GAL-GARBER, O. and SKLAN, D. (2003) Morphological, molecular, and functional changes in the chicken small intestine of the late-term embryo. Poultry Science 82: 1747-1754.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
UNI, Z., SMIRNOV, A. and SKLAN, D. (2002) Pre- and post-hatch development of goblet cells in the broiler small intestine: effect of delayed access to feed. Poultry Science 82: 320-327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VIEIRA, S.L. and MORAN, E.T. (1999a) Effect of egg origin and chick post hatch nutrition on broiler live performance and meat yields. World's Poultry Science Journal 56: 125-142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VIEIRA, S.L. and MORAN, E.T. (1999b) Effect of delayed placement and used litter on broiler yields. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 8: 75-81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar