Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:22:56.108Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Current knowledge of sexual differential in domestic fowl Sexual differential in domestic fowl

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

H. Kagami
Affiliation:
National Institute of Animal Industry, Tsukuba Norindanchi, P.O. Box 5, Ibaraki 305, Japan
H. Hanada
Affiliation:
National Institute of Animal Industry, Tsukuba Norindanchi, P.O. Box 5, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Get access

Abstract

An ability to alter sex ratio could be enormously beneficial to the poultry industry. As a consequence, there has been increasing scientific interest in avian sex determiniation and sexual differentiation. Recent progress in avian cytogenetics and molecular biology has enhanced understanding of the mechanisms involved. Surgical and endocrinological techniques have been used to reverse sexual differentiation. Mixed sex chimeras, containing both male and female derived cells and produced by embryo engineering, can be used as a novel model for sexual differentiation. A combination of new knowledge and the refinement of techniques could open up new frontiers for the advancement of our understanding of sexual regulation in poultry.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bloom, S.E. (1974) Current knowledge about the avian1 W chromosome. Bioscience 24: 340344CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bitgood, J.J. and Shoffner, R.N. (1990)Cytology and cytogenetics. In: Poultry Breeding and Genetics (Ed. Crawford, R.D.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 401427Google Scholar
Carsiemce, R.S., Clark, M.E., Gibbins, A.M.V. and Etches, R.J. (1993) Germline chickens from dispersed donor blastodermal cells and compromised recipient embroys. Development 117: 669675CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clinton, M. (1994) A rapid protocol for sexing chick embryos. Animal Genetics 25: 361362CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elbrecht, A. and Smith, C.G. (1992) Aromatase enzyme activity and sex determination in chickens. Science 255: 467470CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Etches, R.J. (1996) Reproduction in Poultry, CAB International, WallingfordGoogle Scholar
Etches, R.J. and Kagami, H. (1997) Genotypic and phenotypic sex reversal. In: Perspectives in Avian Endocrinology (Ed. Etches, R.J.), Journal of Endocrinology Ltd, Briston (in press)Google Scholar
Etches, R.J., Carsience, R.S., Clark, M.E., Fraser, R.A., Toner, A., Shaw, D.L. and Gibbins, A.M.V. (1993) Novel approaches to studies of avian endocrinology using transgenic chickens produced via chimeric intermediates. In: Avian Endocrinology (Ed. Sharp, P.J.), Journal of Endocrinology Ltd, Bristol, pp. 381395Google Scholar
Eyal-Giladi, H. and Kochav, S. (1976) From cleavage to primitive streak formation: a complementary normal table and a new look at the first stage of the development of the chicken I. General morphology. Development Biology 49: 321337CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fanning, T. and Singer, M. (1987) The Line-1 DNA sequences in four mammalian orders perdict proteins that conserve homologies to retrovirus proteins. Nucleic Acids Research 15: 22512260CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankenius, M.T. and Kappert, H.J. (1980) Experimental transformation of right gonads of female fowl into fertile testes. Biology of Reproduction 23: 526529CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galli, F.E. and Wasserman, G.F. (1973) Steroid biosynthesis bu gonads of 7- and 10-day-old chick embryos. General and Comparative Endocrinology 21: 7783CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gasc, J. (1978) Growth and sexual differentiation in the gonads of chick and duck embryos. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 44: 113Google ScholarPubMed
Gasc, J. (1980) Estrogen target cells in the gonads of chicken embryo during sexual differentiation. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 55: 331342Google ScholarPubMed
Gilbert, A.B. (1979) Female genetal organs. In: Form and Function in Birds, Vol. 1 (Eds King, A.S. and McLelland, J.), Academic Press, London, pp. 237360Google Scholar
Halverson, J.L. and Dvorak, J. (1993) Genetic control of sex determination in birds and the potential for its manipulation. Poultry Science 72: 890896CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hattori, M., Kuhara, S. and Sakaki, Y. (1986) L1 family of repetitive DNA sequences in primates may be derived from a sequence encoding a reverse transcriptase-related protein. Nature 321: 625628CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Imataka, H., Suzuki, K., Inano, H., Kohmoto, K. and Tamoaki, B. (1980a) Sexual differences of steroidogenic enzymes in embryonic gonads of the chicken (Gallus domestics). General and comparative Endocrinology 69: 153162CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imataka, H., Suzuki, K., Inano, H., Kohmoto, K. and Tamoaki, B. (1988b) Development changes of stroidogenic enzyme activities in the embryonic gonads of the chicken: the sexual difference. General and Comparative Endocrinology 71: 413418CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kagami, H. and Tomita, T. (1990) Genetic and morphological studies on the right gonad of ovariectomized chickens. Japanese Poultry Science 27: 111121CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kagami, H. and Tomita, T. (1992) Identification of the female-specific DNA fragments in chickens. Japanese Poultry Science 29: 156160CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kagami, H., Clark, M.E., Gibbins, A.M.V. and Etches, R.J. (1995a) Sexual differentiation of chimeric chickens containing ZZ and ZW cells in the germline. Molecular Reproduction and Development 42: 379387CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kagami, H., Tagami, T., Matsubara, Y., Hanada, H. and Naito, M. (1995b) Novel approaches to study avian sexual differentiation using mixed-sex chimeric chickens. Poultry and Avian Biology Reviews 6: 308Google Scholar
Kent, J., Wheatly, S.C., Andrews, J.E., Sinclair, A.H. and Koopman, P. (1996) A male- specific role for SOX9 in vertebrate sex determination. Development 122: 28132822CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kodama, H., Saitoh, H., Tone, M., Kuhara, S., Sakaki, Y. and Mizuno, S. (1987) Nucleotide sequences and unusual electrophoretic behavior of the W chromosome-specific repeating DNA units of the domestic fowl. Gallus gallus domesticus. Chromosoma 96: 1825Google Scholar
Lin, M., Thorne, M.H., Martin, I.C., Sheldon, B.L. and Jones, R.C. (1995) Electron microscopy of the seminiferous epithelium in the triploid (ZZZ and ZZW) fowl, Gallus domesticus. Journa1 of Anatomy 186: 563576Google ScholarPubMed
Maraud, R., Vergnaud, o. and Rashedi, M. (1987) Structure of the right testis of sexually mature genetically female fowl experimentally masculinized during embryonic life and submitted to a posthatching left castration. General and Comparative Endocrinology 68: 208215CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masui, K. and Kato, Y. (1967) Hypophysis of intersex fowl. In: Sex Determination and Sexual Differentiation in the Fowl (Ed. Masui, K.), Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 197198Google Scholar
Mccarrey, J.R. and Abbott, U.K. (1979) Mechanism of genetic sex determination, gonadal sex differentiation and germ-cell development in animals. Advances in Genetics 20: 217289CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mcphaul, M.J., Noble, J.F., Simpson, E.R., Mendelson, C.R. and Wilson, J.D. (1988) The expression of a functional cDNA encoding the chicken cytochrome P-450arom (atomatase) that catalyzes the formation of estrogen from androgen. Journal of Biological Chemistry 263: 1635816363CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mizuno, S., Saitoh, Y., Nomura, O., Kunita, R., Ohtomo, K., Nishimori, K., Ono, H. and Saitoh, H. (1993) Sex-specific DNA sequences in galliformes and their application to the study of sex differentiation. In: Manipulation of the Avian Genome (Eds Etches, R.J. and Gibbins, A.M.V.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 257274Google Scholar
Naito, M., Nirasawa, K. and Oishi, T. (1990) Development in culture of the chick embryo from fertilized ovum to hatching. Journal of Experimental Zoology 254: 322326CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakabayashi, O., Nomura, O., Nishimori, K. and Mizuno, S. (1995) The cDNA cloning and transient expression of chicken gene encoding a 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5–4 isomerase unique to major steroidogenic tissues. Gene 162: 261265CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nieuwkoop, P.D. and Sutasurya, L.A. (1979) Primordial Germ Cells of the Chordates, Cambridge University Press, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Okamoto, S., Maeda, Y. and Hashiguchi, T. (1988) Analysis of the karyotypes of four species of jungle fowls. Japanese Journal of Zootechnical Science 59: 146151Google Scholar
Owen, J.J.T. (1965) Karyotype studies on Gallus domesticus. Chromosoma 16: 601608CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perry, M. (1987) Nuclear events from fertilization to the early cleavage stages in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Jourual of Anatomy 150: 99109Google Scholar
Petitte, J.N., Clark, M.E., Liu, G., Gibbins, A.M.V. and Etches, R.J. (1990) Production of somatic and germline chimeras in the chicken by transfer of early blastodermal cells. Development 108: 185189CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reyss-Brion, M. and Scheib, D. (1980) Development of the steroid-producing cells during the transformation of the right gonad into a testis in ovariectomized chicks. General and Comparative Endocrinology 40: 6977CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reyss-Brion, M., Mingnot, T.M. and Guichard, A. (1982) Development of steroidogenesis in the right gonad of the domestic fowl masculinized by left ovariectomy. General and Comparative Endocrinology 46: 6874CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Romanoff, A.L. (1960) The Avian Embryo. Macmillan Co., New York, pp. 816862Google Scholar
Saitoh, H. and Mizuno, S. (1992) Distribution of Xho I and EcoRI family repetitive DNA sequences into separate domains in the chicken W chromosome. Chrosoma 101: 474477CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmid, W. (1962) DNA replication patterns of the heterochromosomes in Gallus domesticus. Cytogenetics 1: 344352CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharp, P.J. (1975) A comparison of variations in plasma lutinizing hormone concentrations in male and female domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) from hatch to sexual maturity. Journal of Endocrinology 67: 211223CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, D.L., Carsience, R.S., Etches, R.J. and Gibbins, A.M.V. (1992) The fate of female donor blastodermal cells in male chimeric chickens. Biochemistry and Cell Biology 70: 12181229CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stefos, K. and Arrighi, F.E. (1971) The heterochromatic nature of the W chromosome in birds. Experimental Cell Research 68: 228231CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoll, R., Rashedi, M. and Maraud, R. (1980) Hermaphroditism induced in the female chick by testicular graft. General and Comparative Endocrinology 41: 6675CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoll, R., Ichas, F., Faucounau, N. and Maraud, R. (1993a) Action of estradiol and tamoxifen on the testis-inducing activity of the chick embryonic testis grafted to the female embryo. Anatomy and Embryology 188: 587592CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoll, R., Ichas, F., Faucounau, N. and Maraud, R. (1993b) Action of estradiol and tamoxifen on the Mueller-regressive activity of the chicken embryonic testis assayed in vivo by organotypic grafting. Anatomy and Embryology 187: 379384CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storey, R.C. and Nicholls, J.T. (1977) Plasma luteinizing hormone levels following ovariectomy of juvenile female mallards (Anus plutyryncos). General and Compurative Endocrinology 33: 812CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suka, N., Shinohara, Y., Saitoh, Y., Saitoh, H., Ohtomo, K., Harata, M., Shpigel-Man, E. and Mizuno, S. (1993) W-heterochromatin of chicken; its unusual DNA component, late replication, and chromatin structure. Genetica 88: 93105CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taber, E.K.J.S., Ayers, C. and Fishburne, J.I. Jr. (1964) Some of the factors controlling growth and differentiation of the right gonad in female domestic fowl. General und Comparative Endocrinology 4: 343352CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thorne, M.H., Collins, R.K. and Sheldon, B.L. (1987) Live haploid-diploid and other unusual mosaic chickens (Gallus domesticus). Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 45: 2125CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thorne, M.H., Collins, R.K. and Sheldon, B.L. (1991) Triploidy and other chromosomal abnormalities in a selected line of chickens. Genetics Selection Evolutiotion 23(Suppl 1): 212216CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tone, M., Sakaki, Y., Hashiguchi, T. and Mizuno, S. (1984) Genus specificity and extensive methylation of the W chromosome-specific repetitive DNA sequences from the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus domesticus. Chrotnosoma 89: 228237CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uryu, U., Nagata, Y., Ito, K., Saitoh, H. and Mizuno, S. (1989) Determination of the sex of chickens by a biotin-labeled deoxyribonucleic acid probe. Poultry Science 68: 850853CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Krey, H.P. (1990) Reproductive biology in relation to breeding and genetics. In: Poultry Breeding and Genetics (Ed. Crawford, R.D.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 6190Google Scholar
Wartenberg, H., Lenz, E. and Schweikert, H.U. (1992) Sexual differentiation and the germ cell in sex reversed gonads after aromatase inhibition in the chicken embryo. Andrologia 24: 16CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woods, J.E. (1987) Maturation of the hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal-gonadal (HAG) axes in the chick embryo. Journu1 of Experimental Zoology (Suppl 1): 265271Google ScholarPubMed