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Soviet Federalism and Ethnic Mobilization

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 June 2011

Philip G. Roeder
Philip G. Roeder
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego
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Abstract

Central among recent changes in the Soviet Union is an expanding and increasingly public politics of federalism. The Soviet developmental strategy assigned federalism and the cadres of national-territorial administration a central role in its response to the “nationalities question.” This strategy offers a key to three questions about the rise of assertive ethnofederalism over the past three decades: Why have federal institutions that provided interethnic peace during the transition to industrialization become vehicles of protest in recent years? Why have relatively advantaged ethnic groups been most assertive, whereas groups near the lower end of most comparative measures of socioeconomic and political success have been relatively quiescent? Why have major public demands—and the most important issues of contention between center and periphery—focused to such a large degree upon the details of the Soviet developmental strategy and upon federalism in particular

Type
Research Article
Information
World Politics , Volume 43 , Issue 2 , January 1991 , pp. 196 - 232
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of Princeton University 1991

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72 lzvestiia, July 13, 1989; Komsomol'skaia Pravda, March 3, 1989; Sovetskaia Litva, February 25, 1989.

73 Quoted in Cockburn (fn. 41), 178.

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85 Illustrations of this approach include Allworth, Edward, “Restating the Soviet Nationality Question,” in Allworth, , ed., Soviet Nationality Problems (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971);Google Scholard'Encausse, Helene Carrere, Decline of an Empire (New York: Newsweek Books, 1978)Google Scholar; Rakowska-Harmstone (fn. 79).

86 Gorbachev's initial reponse to new elites such as Landsbergis and his Sajudis government has been consistent with the Soviet ethnic strategy that has emphasized institutional constraints to shape ethnic agendas. Using deterrent and compellent constraints, he has sought to induce the Lithuanian government to abandon its primordial agenda and pursue the instrumental objectives of perestroika within the context of Soviet federalism.

87 Sidney Tarrow described how in democratic systems as well the strategies of regional leaders acting as brokers between center and periphery are shaped by bureaucratic institutions; see Tarrow, , Between Center and Periphery: Grassroots Politics in Italy and France (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977), 7–8, 43–44.Google Scholar

88 Sovetskaia Latviia, March 19, 1989.

89 Pravda, February 8, 1990, February 9, 1990: New York Times, March 24, 1990. In Lithuania, sensing the consequences of these institutional changes for their power, members of the republic Politburo, such as the prime minister of the Sajudis government, have also begun to resign from the Communist Party.

90 New York Times, March 30, 1990.

91 New York Times, March 5, 1990, March 6, 1990, March 31, 1990.