Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T15:02:22.175Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ultra-low-power energy harvesting using power-optimized waveforms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 October 2015

Christopher R. Valenta Open the ORCID record for Christopher R. Valenta [Opens in a new window]  and
Gregory D. Durgin
Christopher R. Valenta*
Affiliation:
Electro-optical Systems Laboratory, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
Gregory D. Durgin
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
*
Corresponding author:C.R. Valenta Email: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Power-optimized waveforms (POWs) are the enabling technology for realizing an internet-of-things (IoTs). An IoT will require billions or trillions of sensors, which must rely on passive, backscatter communication to facilitate the wireless transfer of information. Passive, backscatter sensors are uniquely suited for an IoT because of their ease of installation, low-cost, and lack of potentially toxic batteries. POW's primary benefit is that they can greatly improve the energy-harvesting efficiency of passive sensors, which increases their range and reliability. An overview of POWs is presented followed by measured results validated by a theoretical model and computer simulations. These measured results conducted at 5.8 GHz demonstrate the highest reported efficiency of a low-power, microwave energy-harvesting circuit of 26.3% at an input power of −10.2 dBm when using an excitation signal with a peak-to-average-power ratio of 12.

Keywords

RFIDMicrowave energy harvesterUltra-low power SensorsPower-optimized waveformsMulti-sine excitation
Type
Research Article
Information
Wireless Power Transfer , Volume 3 , Issue 1 , March 2016 , pp. 1 - 8
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1]Dobkin, D.M.: The RF in RFID: Passive UHF RFID in Practice, Elsevier, 2008.Google Scholar
[2]Valenta, C.R.; Durgin, G.D.: Survey of energy-harvester conversion efficiency in far-field, wireless power transfer systems. IEEE Microw. Mag., 15 (4) (2014), 108–120.Google Scholar
[3]Thomas, S.; Harrison, R.; Leonardo, A.; Reynolds, M.: A battery-free multi-channel digital neural/EMG telemetry system for flying insects. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., 6 (5) (2012), 424–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[4]Valenta, C.R.; Morys, M.M.; Durgin, G.D.: Theoretical energy-conversion efficiency for energy-harvesting circuits under power-optimized waveform excitation. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 63 (5) (2015), 1–10.Google Scholar
[5]Valenta, C.R.; Durgin, G.D.: Rectenna performance under power-optimized waveform excitation, in IEEE Int. Conf. on RFID, Orlando, Florida, 2013, 237–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[6]Collado, A.; Georgiadis, A.: Optimal waveforms for efficient wireless power transmission. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., 24 (5) (2014), 354–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[7]Boaventura, A.; Carvalho, N.: Maximizing DC power in energy harvesting circuits using multi-sine excitation, in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest, June 2011, 1–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[8]Boaventura, A.; Collado, A.; Georgiadis, A.; Carvalho, N.: Spatial power combining of multi-sine signals for wireless power transmission applications. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 62 (4) (2014), 1022–1030.Google Scholar
[9]Hagerty, J.A.; Helmbrecht, F.B.; McCalpin, W.H.; Zane, R.; Popovic, Z.B.: Recycling ambient microwave energy with broad-band rectenna arrays. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 52 (3) (2004), 1014–1024.Google Scholar
[10]Fernandes, R.; Boaventura, A.S.; Carvalho, N.; Matos, J.: Increasing the range of wireless passive sensor nodes using multisines, in IEEE Int. Conf. on RFID – Technologies and Applications, September 2011, 549–553.Google Scholar
[11]Collado, A.; Georgiadis, A.: Improving wireless power transmission efficiency using chaotic waveforms. IEEE Int. MTT-S, 2012, 1–3.Google Scholar
[12]Matsumoto, H.; Takei, K.: An experimental study of passive UHF RFID system with longer communication range, in Proc. IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf., 2007, 1–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[13]Trotter, M.S.; Griffin, J.D.; Durgin, G.D.: Power-optimized waveforms for improving the range and reliability of RFID systems, in IEEE Int. Conf. on RFID, April 2009, 80–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[14]Trotter, M.S.; Durgin, G.D.: Survey of range improvement of commercial RFID tags with power-optimized waveforms, in IEEE Int. Conf. on RFID, April 2010, 195–202.Google Scholar
[15]Arnitz, D.; Reynolds, M.S.: Wireless power transfer optimization for non-linear passive backscatter devices, in IEEE Int. Conf. on RFID, April 2013, 245–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[16]Avago Technologies. HSMS-286x, Surface Mount Microwave Schottky Barrier Diodes, August 2009. http://www.avagotech.com.Google Scholar
[17]Avago Technologies. Linear Models for Diode Surface Mount Packages, July 2010. http://www.avagotech.com.Google Scholar
[18]Hagerty, J.A.: Nonlinear Circuits and Antennas for Microwave Energy Conversion, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, January 2003.Google Scholar