Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T22:03:46.515Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Numerical characterization of the magnetic field in electric vehicles equipped with a WPT system

Part of: Contactless Charging for Electric Vehicles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 June 2017

Tommaso Campi ,
Silvano Cruciani ,
Valerio De Santis ,
Francesca Maradei  and
Mauro Feliziani
Tommaso Campi*
Affiliation:
Department of Industrial and Information Eng. and Economics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
Silvano Cruciani
Affiliation:
Department of Industrial and Information Eng. and Economics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
Valerio De Santis
Affiliation:
Department of Industrial and Information Eng. and Economics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
Francesca Maradei
Affiliation:
Department of Astronautics, Electrical and Energetic Eng., Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Mauro Feliziani
Affiliation:
Department of Industrial and Information Eng. and Economics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
*
Corresponding author: T. Campi Email: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

This paper deals with the numerical evaluation of the magnetic field emitted by a wireless power system (WPT) in an electric vehicle (EV). The numerical investigation is carried out using a finite element method (FEM) code with a transition boundary condition (TBC) to model conductive materials. First, the TBC has been validated by comparison with the exact solution in simple computational domains with conductive panels at frequencies used in WPT automotive. Then, the FEM with TBC has been used to predict the field in an electric car assuming the chassis made by three different materials: steel, aluminum, and fiber composite. The magnetic field source is given by a WPT system with 7.7 kW power level operating at frequencies of 85 or 150 kHz. The calculated magnetic field has been compared with the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference level demonstrating compliance for an EV with metallic (steel or aluminum) chassis. On the contrary, a fiber composite chassis is much more penetrable by magnetic fields and the reference level is exceeded.

Keywords

Wireless power transferElectric vehicleMagnetic fieldsEMF safetyShieldingThin layer modeling
Type
Special Issue on Contactless Charging for Electric Vehicles
Information
Wireless Power Transfer , Volume 4 , Special Issue 2: Contactless Charging for Electric Vehicles , September 2017 , pp. 78 - 87
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1] Covic, G.A.; Boys, J.T.: Inductive power transfer. Proc. IEEE, 101 (6) (2013), 1276–1289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[2] Shinohara, N.: Power without wires. IEEE Microw. Mag., 11 (7) (2011), 64–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[3] Kim, S.; Park, H.-H.; Kim, J.; Kim, J.; Ahn, S.: Design and analysis of a resonant reactive shield for a wireless power electric vehicle. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 62 (4) (2014), 1057–1066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[4] Kim, H. et al. : Coil design and measurements of automotive magnetic resonant wireless charging system for high-efficiency and low magnetic field leakage. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 64 (2) (2016), 383–400.Google Scholar
[5] International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields for low frequencies (1 Hz–100 kHz). Health Phys., 99 (2010), 818–836.Google Scholar
[6]IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, in IEEE Std C95.1-2005 (Revision of IEEE Std C95.1-1991), 19 April 2006, pp. 1–238.Google Scholar
[7] IEC62311. ‘Assessment of electronic and electrical equipment related to human exposure restrictions for electromagnetic fields (0 Hz–300 GHz),’ ed. Geneva: IEC, 2007. https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/6804 Google Scholar
[8] IEC 61980-1/Ed.1: Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer Systems (WPT), Part 1: General Requirements. Geneva: IEC, 2015.Google Scholar
[9] Laakso, I.; Hirata, A.: Evaluation of the induced electric field and compliance procedure for a wireless power transfer system in an electrical vehicle. Phys. Med. Biol., 58 (21) (2013), 7583–7593.Google Scholar
[10] Shimamoto, T.; Laakso, I.; Hirata, A.: In-situ electric field in human body model in different postures for wireless power transfer system in an electrical vehicle. Phys. Med. Biol., 60 (1) (2015), 163–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[11] Feliziani, M.; Maradei, F.; Tribellini, G.: Field analysis of penetrable conductive shields by the finite-difference time-domain method with impedance network boundary conditions (INBC's). IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 41 (4) (1999), 307–319.Google Scholar
[12] Feliziani, M.; Maradei, F.: Fast computation of quasistatic magnetic fields around nonperfectly conductive shield. IEEE Trans. Magn., 34 (5) (1998), 2795–2798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[13] Feliziani, M.; Maradei, F.: Time-domain FEM analysis of quasistatic magnetic fields around nonperfectly conductive shields. IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (3) (1999), 1187–1190.Google Scholar
[14] Buccella, C.; Feliziani, M.; Maradei, F.; Manzi, G.: Magnetic field computation in a physically large domain with thin metallic shields. IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (5) (2005), 1708–1711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[15] Feliziani, M.: Subcell FDTD modeling of field penetration through lossy shields. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 54 (2) (2012), 299–307.Google Scholar
[16]COMSOL Multiphysics, online: http://www.comsol.com.Google Scholar
[17] Holloway, C.L.; Sarto, M.S.; Johansson, M.: Analyzing carbon-fiber composite materials with equivalent-layer models. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 47 (4) (2005), 833–844.Google Scholar
[18]SAE TIR J2954, Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-In/ Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology. http://standards.sae.org/wip/j2954/ Google Scholar
[19] Campi, T.; Cruciani, S.; De Santis, V.; Palandrani, F.; Hirata, A.; Feliziani, M.: Wireless power transfer charging system for AIMDs and pacemakers. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 64 (2) (2016), 633–642.Google Scholar
[20] Cruciani, S.; Campi, T.; Maradei, F.; Feliziani, M.: Numerical simulation of wireless power transfer system to recharge the battery of an implanted cardiac pacemaker, in 2014 Int. Symp. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC EUROPE), Gothenburg, Sweden, 1–4 September 2014, pp. 44–47.Google Scholar
[21] Feliziani, M. et al. : Robust LCC compensation in wireless power transfer with variable coupling factor due to coil misalignment, in Proc. of 2015 IEEE 15th Int. Conf. on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), Rome, Italy, 10–13 June 2015.Google Scholar
[22] Cruciani, S.; Maradei, F.; Feliziani, M.: Assessment of magnetic field levels generated by a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system at 20 kHz, in Proc. of IEEE Int. Symp. Electromagnetic Compatibility, Denver, CO, USA, 5–9 August 2013.Google Scholar
[23] Cruciani, S.; Feliziani, M.: Mitigation of the magnetic field generated by a wireless power transfer (WPT) system without reducing the WPT efficiency, in Proc. of EMC Europe – Int. Symp. Electromagnetic Compatibility, Bruges, Belgium, 2–6 September 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[24] Campi, T.; Cruciani, S.; Maradei, F.; Feliziani, M.: Near Field reduction in a wireless power transfer system using LCC compensation. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 59 (2) (2017), 686–694.Google Scholar
[25] Cruciani, S.; Campi, T.; Maradei, F.; Feliziani, M.: Optimum coil configuration of Wireless Power Transfer system in presence of shields, in Proc. of 2015 IEEE Int. Symp. Electromagnetic Compatibility, Dresden, Germany, 16–22 August 2015.Google Scholar
[26] Campi, T.; Cruciani, S.; Maradei, F.; Feliziani, M.: Magnetic shielding design of wireless power transfer systems, in Proc. of 2015 IEEE Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES), Williamsburg, VA, USA, 22–26 March 2015, pp. 1–2.Google Scholar