Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T23:34:07.631Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Inductive link for power and data transfer to a medical implant

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2017

Giuseppina Monti*
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy. Phone: +39 0832 297365
Maria Valeria De Paolis
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy. Phone: +39 0832 297365
Laura Corchia
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy. Phone: +39 0832 297365
Mauro Mongiardo
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
Luciano Tarricone
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy. Phone: +39 0832 297365
*
Corresponding author: G. Monti Email: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

This paper presents a resonant inductive link for power and data transfer to a pulse generator implanted in the chest. The proposed link consists of two planar resonators and has been optimized for operating in the MedRadio band centered at 403 MHz. The wireless power/data link occurs between an external resonator operating in direct contact with the skin and a receiving resonator integrated in the silicone header of a pulse generator implanted in the chest. Numerical and experimental results are presented and discussed. From measurements performed by using minced pork to simulate the presence of human tissues, an efficiency of about 51% is demonstrated. The feasibility of using the proposed link for recharging the battery of the medical device in compliance with safety regulations is also verified and discussed.

Type
Wirelessly Powering: The Future
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1] Costanzo, A. et al. : Electromagnetic energy harvesting and wireless power transmission: a unified approach. Proc. IEEE, 102 (2014), 16921711.Google Scholar
[2] Monti, G.; Corchia, L.; De Benedetto, E.; Tarricone, L.: A wearable wireless energy link for thin-film batteries charging. Int. J. Antennas Propag., 2016 (2016), 19.Google Scholar
[3] Imura, T.; Okabe, H.; Hori, Y.: Basic experimental study on helical antennas of wireless power transfer for electric vehicles by using magnetic resonant couplings, in IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conf., Dearborn, 2009.Google Scholar
[4] Kurs, A.; Karalis, A.; Moffatt, R.; Joannopoulos, J.D.; Fisher, P.; Soljacic, M.: Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances. Science, 317 (2007), 8386.Google Scholar
[5] Monti, G.; Corchia, L.; Tarricone, L.: ISM band rectenna using a ring loaded monopole. Prog. Electromagn. Res. C, 33 (2012), 115.Google Scholar
[6] Monti, G.; Corchia, L.; De Benedetto, E.; Tarricone, L.: Compact resonator on leather for nonradiative inductive power transfer and far-field data links. Radio Sci., 51 (2016), 629637.Google Scholar
[7] Low, Z.N.; Chinga, R.A.; Tseng, R.; Lin, J.: Design and test of a high-power high-efficiency loosely coupled planar wireless power transfer system. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 56 (2009), 18011812.Google Scholar
[8] Kuo, N.-C.; Zhao, B.; Niknejad, A.M.: Bifurcation analysis in weakly-coupled inductive power transfer systems. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Regul. Pap., 63 (2016), 727738.Google Scholar
[9] Wu, J.; Wang, B.; Yerazunis, W.S.; Teo, K.H.: Wireless power transfer with artificial magnetic conductors, in IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conf. (WPTC), Perugia, 2013.Google Scholar
[10] Salas, M.; Focke, O.; Herrmann, A.S.; Lang, W.: Wireless power transmission for structural health monitoring of fiber-reinforced-composite materials. IEEE Sens. J., 14 (2014), 21712176.Google Scholar
[11] Dräger, T.; Mayordomo, I.; Schuster, J.: Multi-band simultaneous inductive wireless power and data transmission, in IEEE SENSORS, Valencia, 2014.Google Scholar
[12] Chen, Z.N.; Liu, G.C.; See, T.S.P.: Transmission of RF signals between MICS loop antennas in free space and implanted in the human head. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 57 (2009), 18501853.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[13] Kim, J.; Rahmat-Samii, Y.: Implanted antennas inside a human body: simulations, designs, and characterizations. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 52 (2004), 19341943.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[14] Soontornpipit, P.; Furse, C.M.; Chung, Y.C.: Design of implantable microstrip antennas for communication with medical implants. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 52 (2004), 19441951.Google Scholar
[15] Asili, M.; Green, R.; Seran, S.; Topsakal, E.: A small implantable antenna for MedRadio and ISM bands. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., 11 (2012), 16831685.Google Scholar
[16] Hosain, M.K. et al. : Development of a compact rectenna for wireless powering of a head-mountable deep brain stimulation device. IEEE J. Translational Eng. Health Med., 2 (2014), 113.Google Scholar
[17] Hosain, M.K.; Kouzani, A.Z.; Tye, S.; Mortazavi, D.: Compact stacked planar inverted-F antenna for passive deep brain stimulation implants, in Annual Int. Conf. of the IEEE in Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), San Diego, 2012.Google Scholar
[18] Monti, G.; Tarricone, L.; Trane, C.: Experimental characterization of a 434 MHz wireless energy link for medical applications. Prog. Electromagn. Res. C, 30 (2012), 5364.Google Scholar
[19] Li, P.; Bashirullah, R.: A wireless power interface for rechargeable battery operated medical implants. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., 54 (2007), 912916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[20] Jung, K.; Kim, Y.H.; Jung Choi, E.; Jun Kim, H.; Kim, Y.J.: Wireless power transmission for implantable devices using inductive component of closed-magnetic circuit structure, in IEEE Int. Conf. on Multisensor Fusion Integration for Intelligent Systems, Seoul, 2008.Google Scholar
[21] Lee, H.M.; Park, H.; Ghovanloo, M.: A power-efficient wireless system with adaptive supply control for deep brain stimulation. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 48 (2013), 22032216.Google Scholar
[22] Campi, T.; Cruciani, S.; De Santis, V.; Feliziani, M.: EMF safety and thermal aspects in a pacemaker equipped with a wireless power transfer system working at low frequency. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 64 (2016), 375382.Google Scholar
[23] Si, P.; Hu, A.P.; Malpas, S.; Budgett, D.: A frequency control method for regulating wireless power to implantable devices. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., 2 (2008), 2229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[24] Xue, R.-F.; Cheng, K.-W.; Je, M.: High-efficiency wireless power transfer for biomedical implants by optimal resonant load transformation. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Regul. Pap., 60 (2013), 867874.Google Scholar
[25] Qi, X.; Zhaolong, G.; Hao, W.; Jiping, H.; Zhi-Hong, M.; Mingui, S.: Batteries not included: a mat-based wireless power transfer system for implantable medical devices as a moving target. IEEE Microw. Mag., 14 (2013), 6372.Google Scholar
[26] Jow, U.M.; Ghovanloo, M.: Modeling and optimization of printed spiral coils in air, saline, and muscle tissue environments. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., 45 (2009), 2122.Google Scholar
[27] Khripkov, A.; Hong, W.; Pavlov, K.: Integrated resonant structure for simultaneous wireless power transfer and data telemetry. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., 11 (2012), 16591662.Google Scholar
[28] Yilmaz, G.; Dehollaini, C.: An efficient wireless power link for implanted biomedical devices via resonant inductive coupling, in IEEE Radio and Wireless Symp. (RWS), Santa Clara, 2012.Google Scholar
[29]Medical Device Radiocommunications Service (MedRadio), FCC, “Federal Communications Commission,” [Online]. Available: https://www.fcc.gov/general/medical-device-radiocommunications-service-medradio.Google Scholar
[30] Monti, G.; Arcuti, P.; Tarricone, L.: Resonant inductive link for remote powering of pacemakers. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 63 (2015), 19.Google Scholar
[31] Monti, G.; De Paolis, M.V.; Tarricone, L.: Wireless power transfer link for rechargeable deep brain stimulators, in IEEE 15th Mediterranean Microwave Symp. (MMS), Lecce, 2015.Google Scholar
[32] Monti, G.; De Paolis, M.V.; Tarricone, L.: Wireless energy link for deep brain stimulation, in Eur. Microwave Conf. (EuMC), Paris, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[33]‘IT'IS Foundation – Database at a Glance’, [Online]. Available http://www.itis.ethz.ch/itis-for-health/tissue-properties/database/.Google Scholar
[34] Collin, R.E.: Foundations for Microwave Engineering, 2nd ed., Wiley-IEEE Press, New York, 2001.Google Scholar
[35] Inagaki, N.: Theory of image impedance matching for inductively coupled power transfer systems. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 62 (2014), 901908.Google Scholar
[36] Fu, M.; Ma, C.; Zhu, X.: A cascaded Boost–Buck converter for high-efficiency wireless power transfer systems. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform., 10 (2014), 19721980.Google Scholar
[37] Wei, M.D.; Chang, Y.T.; Wang, D.; Tseng, C.H. and Negra, R.: Balanced RF rectifier for energy recovery with minimized input impedance variation. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 65 (2017), 15981604.Google Scholar
[38] Kotani, K.; Sasaki, A. and Ito, T.: High-efficiency differential-drive CMOS rectifier for UHF RFIDs. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 44 (2009), 30113018.Google Scholar
[39] Mahmoud, M.: Efficiency improvement of differential drive rectifier for wireless power transfer applications, in 7th Int. Conf. on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation (ISMS), Bangkok, 2016.Google Scholar
[40] Cavalheiro, D.; Moll, F.; Valtchev, S.: A comparison of TFET rectifiers for RF energy harvesting applications, in 2016 IEEE Int. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conf. (PEMC), Varna, 2016.Google Scholar
[41]“IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz”, in IEEE Standard C95.1. 2005, 2005.Google Scholar
[42] Guideline, ICNIRP: Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys., 74 (1998), 494522.Google Scholar