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Weed Control and Tolerance of Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Caladium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2018

Jialin Yu  and
Nathan S. Boyd
Jialin Yu
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, USA
Nathan S. Boyd*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, USA
*
*Author for correspondence: Nathan S. Boyd, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Balm, FL, 33578. (E-mail: [email protected])
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Abstract

Control of broadleaf weeds in caladium is difficult due in part to a lack of selective POST herbicides. Cultivation is not an option due to the dense canopy and potential for tuber injury. As a result, growers currently rely on preemergence (PRE) herbicide and hand-weeding. The objective of this research was to evaluate the control of four common broadleaf weeds of field grown caladium with POST applications of halosulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, and trifloxysulfuron, and determine the tolerance of caladium cultivars ‘Florida Fantasy’ and ‘Florida cardinal’ to POST applications of halosulfuron. At 4 weeks after treatment (WAT), thifensufluron-methyl at 28 g ai ha−1 and trifloxysulfuron at 84 g ai ha−1 provided approximately 90 and 70% common purslane control, respectively, while halosulfuron at 210 g ai ha−1 provided 55% suppression. Trifloxysulfuron controlled ≥90% spotted spurge at 42 g ha−1, whereas the highest rate of halosulfuron and thifensulfuron-methyl only achieved 60% suppression. In field experiments, the evaluated sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides were less efficacious on hairy indigo and sharppod morningglory as control never exceeded 65 and 50%, respectively. In greenhouse experiments, the evaluated halosulfuron rates ranging from 26 to 420 g ha−1 did not significantly reduce caladium tuber weight from the nontreated control. Averaged over halosulfuron rates, ‘Florida Fantasy’ damage was 5 and 6% at 2 and 4 WAT, respectively, while ‘Florida Cardinal’ damage was 11%. We conclude that none of the herbicide treatments effectively controlled all species evaluated. Sequential treatments, higher rates, or tank-mixtures may be necessary to adequately control these species. We also conclude that caladium cultivars ‘Florida Fantasy’ and ‘Florida Cardinal’ have acceptable tolerance to POST applications of halosulfuron. Further research is needed to evaluate caladium tolerance to other SU herbicides.

Keywords

Robert E. Nurse, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, 2585 Country Rd. 20, Harrow, Ontario, CanadaHalosulfuronthifensulfuron-methyltrifloxysulfuroncommon purslane, Portulaca oleracea L.hairy indigo, Indigofera hirsuta L.sharppod morningglory, Ipomoea cordatotriloba Dennst.spotted spurge, Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Smallcaladium, Caladium bicolor (Aiton) VentBroadleaf weedscaladiumscontrolratesulfonylurea herbicides
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 32 , Issue 4 , August 2018 , pp. 424 - 430
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

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