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Vegetable Crop Response to EPTC Applied Preemergence Under Low-Density Polyethylene and High Barrier Plastic Mulch

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Rebekah D. Wallace ,
A. Stanley Culpepper ,
Andrew W. MacRae ,
Lynn M. Sosnoskie  and
Timothy L. Grey
Rebekah D. Wallace*
Affiliation:
University of Georgia, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31794
A. Stanley Culpepper
Affiliation:
University of Georgia, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31794
Andrew W. MacRae
Affiliation:
University of Florida, Department of Horticultural Sciences, 14625 Cr 672, Wimauma, FL 33598
Lynn M. Sosnoskie
Affiliation:
University of Georgia, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31794
Timothy L. Grey
Affiliation:
University of Georgia, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31794
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The continued phase-out of methyl bromide (MBr) challenges vegetable growers' abilities to control weeds in plasticulture production. Herbicides, such as EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), may be needed as part of a MBr alternative system. An experiment was conducted during the springs of 2008 and 2009 in Ty Ty, GA, to determine tomato, pepper, eggplant, and watermelon tolerance to EPTC applied under mulch. Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of four rates of EPTC (0, 2, 3, or 4 kg ai ha−1) and two plastic mulch types (low density polyethylene [LDPE] mulch or a high barrier mulch [HBM]). Each crop was planted 28 d after applying herbicides and laying mulch. EPTC, regardless of rate, applied under LDPE mulch did not impact plant growth, fruit number produced, or fruit weights for any crop. Conversely, pepper, tomato, and eggplant heights were reduced 65 to 72%, 30 to 75%, and 9 to 32%, respectively, by EPTC at 2 to 4 kg ai ha−1 when applied under HBM. Similar trends were observed for crop yield; fruit number and weight were reduced by 71 to 84% for pepper, 36 to 76% for tomato, and 7 to 15% for eggplant when EPTC was applied at 2 to 4 kg ai ha−1 as compared to the no EPTC HBM control. Watermelon stem lengths, fruit number, and fruit weights were not impacted by EPTC applied under HBM mulch. It appears as though HBMs reduce the loss of EPTC through volatilization, thereby increasing the dose present at time of planting. EPTC could be included as part of a MBr alternative system for tomato, pepper, eggplant, and watermelon when applied under LDPE mulch, and may also be applied at labeled rates with the HBM utilized in this experiment for watermelon.

El proceso de salida del mercado del bromuro de metilo (MBr) es un desafío en las habilidades de los agricultores para controlar la maleza en sistemas de producción de hortalizas en plasticultura. Herbicidas tales como EPTC, pueden ser necesarios como parte de un sistema alternativo al MBr. Durante la primavera de 2008 y 2009 se realizó un experimento en Ty Ty, GA para determinar la tolerancia del tomate, pimiento, berenjena y sandía al EPTC aplicado bajo cubierta. Los tratamientos consistieron en un arreglo factorial de cuatro dosis de EPTC (0, 2, 3 o 4 kg ia ha−1) y dos tipos de cubierta de plástico (polietileno de baja densidad [LDPE] o una cubierta de barrera alta [HBM]). Cada cultivo fue sembrado 28 días después de aplicar los herbicidas y de colocar las cubiertas. Sin importar la dosis, el EPTC aplicado bajo cubierta LDPE no afectó el crecimiento de la planta, el número de frutos producidos o peso del fruto, en ninguno de los cultivos. Por lo contrario, las alturas del pimiento, del tomate y de la berenjena se redujeron del 65 al 72%, del 30 al 75% y del 9 al 32%, respectivamente, con EPTC aplicado debajo de HBM en dosis de 2 a 4 kg ia ha−1. Tendencias similares se observaron en el rendimiento del cultivo; el número y el peso de los frutos se redujeron de 71 a 84% para el pimiento, de 36 a 76% para el tomate y de 7 a 15% para la berenjena, cuando el EPTC se aplicó en dosis de 2 a 4 kg ia ha−1 comparado con el testigo sin HBM o EPTC. Ni el largo de las guías de la sandía, ni el número y peso de sus frutos fueron afectados por EPTC aplicado debajo de la cubierta HBM. Aparentemente, la cubierta HBM reduce la pérdida de EPTC por volatilización, incrementando así la dosis presente en el momento de la siembra. El EPTC podría ser incluido como parte de un sistema alternativo al MBr para tomate, pimiento, berenjena y sandía, cuando se aplica debajo de una cubierta LDPE, y también podría ser aplicado en sandía en las dosis recomendadas, utilizando cubierta HBM como la empleada en este experimento.

Keywords

S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC)bell pepper, Capsicum annuum L. CPSANeggplant, Solanum melongena L. SOLMEtomato Solanum lycopersicum L. LYPESwatermelon, Citrullus lanatus L. CITLAHigh barrier mulchlow density polyethylene mulchmethyl bromide alternativevirtually impermeable film
Type
Weed Management—Other Crops/Areas
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 26 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 54 - 60
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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