Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T13:31:21.914Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Eastern Black Nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) Tolerance to Aciflurofen

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Stanley F. Gorski
Affiliation:
The Ohio State Univ., Dep. Hort., Columbus, OH 43210
Monica K. Wertz
Affiliation:
The Ohio State Univ., Dep. Hort., Columbus, OH 43210

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of growth stage on tolerance of seeded tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and of eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum Dun. #3 SOLPT) to the sodium salt of acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} at low use rates. Tomatoes as young as the 2 true-leaf stage exhibited some tolerance to acifluorfen at rates of 0.14 kg ae/ha and less. Rates of 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha caused increased phytotoxicity; however, yield was not greatly reduced. At the 8-leaf stage, foliar injury was slight and existed only at the highest rates tested; however, tomato yields were reduced. Control of black nightshade at the 2-leaf stage was acceptable at rates as low as 0.14 kg/ha. When nightshade was at the 5-leaf stage, 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha rates provided acceptable control − 87% and 96%, respectively. Nightshade in the 10-leaf stage was not controlled effectively at rates below 0.56 kg/ha.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Binning, L. K. 1971. Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.), a problem weed and its control. Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 26:128.Google Scholar
2. Fadayomi, O., and Warren, G. F. 1976. The light requirement for herbicidal activity of diphenyl ethers. Weed Sci. 24:598600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Glenn, S., Hook, B. J., Peregoy, R. S., and Wiepke, T. 1985. Control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theopbrasti) and common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) in soybeans (Glycine max) with sequential applications of mefluidide and acifluorfen. Weed Sci. 33:244249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Kapusta, G., Jackson, L. A., and Schutte Mason, D. 1986. Yield response of weed-free soybeans (Glycine max) to injury from postemergence broadleaf herbicides. Weed Sci. 34:304307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Lee, S. D., and Oliver, L. R. 1982. Efficacy of acifluorfen on broadleaf weeds. Times and methods for application. Weed Sci. 30:520526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Majek, B. A. 1982. Acceptable threshold levels and the control of eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) and hairy nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides) in field beans and soybeans. Abstr. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. 2.Google Scholar
7. Mathis, W. D., and Oliver, L. R. 1980. Control of six morningglory (Ipomoea) species in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 28:409415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Murphy, T. R., and Gossett, B. J. 1984. Control of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in soybean (Glycine max) with acifluorfen. Weed Sci. 32:427431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Ogg, A. G. Jr., and Martin, M. W. 1979. Effects of herbicides on weed control and on growth and yields of direct-seeded tomatoes. Wash. State Univ., Coll. Agric., Res. Cent. Bull. 870.Google Scholar
10. Ogg, A. G. Jr., Rogers, B. S., and Schilling, E. E. 1981. Characterization of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and related species in the United States. Weed Sci. 29:2732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Quakenbush, L. S., and Andersen, R. N. 1985. Susceptibility of five species of the Solanum nigrum complex to herbicides. Weed Sci. 33:386390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Ritter, R. L., and Coble, H. D. 1981. Penetration, translocation, and metabolism of acifluorfen in soybean (Glycine max), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum). Weed Sci. 29:474480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Ritter, R. L., and Coble, R. D. 1981. Influence of temperature and relative humidity on the activity of acifluorfen. Weed Sci. 29:480485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Ritter, R. L., and Coble, H. D. 1984. Influence of crop canopy, weed maturity, and rainfall on acifluorfen activity. Weed Sci. 32:185190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Weaver, S. E. 1984. Critical period of weed competition in three vegetable crops in relation to management practices. Weed Res. 24:317325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Whitwell, T., Wehtje, G., Walker, R. H., and McGuire, J. A. 1985. Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) control in soybeans (Glycine max) with postemergence grass herbicides applied alone and in mixtures. Weed Sci. 33:673678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar