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Selection of Herbicide Alternatives Based on Probable Leaching to Groundwater

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Ralph E. Franklin ,
Virgil L. Quisenberry ,
Billy J. Gossett  and
Edward C. Murdock
Ralph E. Franklin
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. Soils, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634
Virgil L. Quisenberry
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. Soils, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634
Billy J. Gossett
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. Soils, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634
Edward C. Murdock
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. Soils, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634
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Abstract

Extension workers are sensing pressure to use soils information and chemical characteristics data to guide farmers in selecting pesticides least prone to leach into groundwater. Our objective was to estimate differences in herbicide migration to groundwater under conditions typical for the Southeast Coastal Plain, and to consider how a farmer might be advised to use such knowledge in selecting herbicides. We used a simple computer code for microcomputers to predict persistence and migration of 17 herbicides through a hypothetical, coarse-textured soil typical of the Southeast Coastal Plain. Appropriate herbicides were selected for several common crop-weed problems, such as sicklepod in soybean and Palmer amaranth in corn. Groundwater was assumed to be 3.15 m below the soil surface. Herbicides selected covered a broad range of half-lives and organic carbon partition coefficients. Only after the first-order degradation rate constant was reduced by a factor of five did predicted soil water concentrations of several herbicides at the groundwater interface reach normal detection limits. Still, predicted concentrations were below the level established for health effects advisory purposes. Due to the large number of uncertainties and the inability to estimate practical benefits, we conclude that data relating to soil and herbicide characteristics cannot be used at this time to override cost effectiveness, efficacy, and other factors normally considered by farmers and Extension professionals in herbicides for weed control.

Keywords

Corn, Zea mays L.soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. # AMAPAsicklepod, Cassia obtusifolia L. # CASOBEnvironmental qualityherbicide leachingherbicide selectionwater qualityweed controlacifluorfenalachloratrazinebenefinbentazonchlorimurondicambafluometuronimazaquinmetolachlormetribuzinnorflurazonpendimethalinsimazinetrifensulfurontrifluralin2,4-DXanthium strumariumIpomoea sppDigitaria ciliarisAMAPACASOBDIGSPIPOZZXANST
Type
Feature
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , March 1994 , pp. 6 - 16
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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