Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T05:06:55.978Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seedling Emergence and Establishment of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) in Turfgrasses of Traditional and Creeping Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Roberta Masin  and
Stefano Macolino
Roberta Masin*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
Stefano Macolino
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Annual bluegrass is a cosmopolitan, cool-season grass that adapts to different environmental conditions. It is one of the main weeds of turfgrass, and its control is mainly achieved through chemical and cultural practices, although little importance is given to the competitive ability of turfgrass species or cultivars. A field study was performed in northeastern Italy from October 2012 to June 2014 to evaluate the competitive ability of selected perennial ryegrass cultivars to suppress emergence and establishment of annual bluegrass seedlings. Two creeping perennial ryegrasses (‘CSI' and ‘PPG-PR171’) and two traditional cultivars (‘Azimuth' and ‘Presidio') were compared. In late autumn in both years, annual bluegrass was sown in a marked area (30 cm by 30 cm) in the turfgrass. Emerged seedlings were counted weekly, and emergence dynamics were modeled. In the second year, final density of annual bluegrass allowed to grow in turfgrass was also evaluated in summer. Results showed that both seedling emergence and density of annual bluegrass were significantly reduced by creeping perennial cultivars, supporting the hypothesis that these cultivars may reduce annual bluegrass establishment in turfgrass. Seedling emergence pattern of annual bluegrass did not differ in creeping and traditional cultivars of perennial ryegrass, suggesting the possibility of creating a general emergence model suitable in any turfgrass to help turfgrass managers in the control of this weed species.

Poa annua es una gramínea de clima frío cosmopolita que se adapta a diferentes condiciones ambientales. Es una de la malezas más importantes en céspedes, y su control se alcanza principalmente mediante prácticas químicas y culturales, ya que se le da poca importancia a la habilidad de competencia de las especies y cultivares de céspedes. Se realizó un estudio de campo en el noreste de Italia desde Octubre 2012 a Junio 2014 para evaluar la habilidad de competencia de cultivares de Lolium perenne seleccionados para suprimir la emergencia y el establecimiento de plántulas de P. annua. Se comparó dos cultivares con propagación vegetativa (producción de tallos laterales) de L. perenne (‘CSI' y ‘PPG-PR171’) y dos cultivares tradicionales (‘Azimuth' y ‘Presidio'). Al final del otoño en ambos años, se sembró P. annua en un área marcada (30 cm por 30 cm) en el césped. Las plántulas emergidas fueron contadas semanalmente, y las dinámicas de emergencia fueron modeladas. En el segundo año, la densidad final de P. annua que creció en el césped fue también evaluada en el verano. Los resultados mostraron que tanto la emergencia de plántulas como la densidad de P. annua fueron significativamente reducidas por los cultivares con reproducción vegetativa, lo que apoya la hipótesis de que estos cultivares podrían reducir el establecimiento de P. annua en céspedes. El patrón de emergencia de P. annua no difirió entre los cultivares de L. perenne con propagación vegetativa y los tradicionales, lo que sugiere la posibilidad de que se puede crear un modelo de emergencia general válido en cualquier césped para ayudar a los profesionales en céspedes en el control de esta especie de maleza.

Keywords

Annual bluegrass, Poa annua L. POAANperennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L.Competitionemergence modelinggrass weedsplant densityplant morphology
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , March 2016 , pp. 238 - 245
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America

Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Barry Brecke, University of Florida

References

Literature Cited

Asif, M, Iqbal, M, Randhawa, H, Spaner, D (2014) Managing and Breeding Wheat for Organic Systems. New York: Springer. 76 pGoogle Scholar
Askew, SD, McNulty, BMS (2014) Methiozolin and cumyluron for preemergence annual bluegrass (Poa annua) control on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) putting greens. Weed Technol 28:535–542 Google Scholar
Baldwin, CM, Brede, AD, Mayer, JJ (2012) ‘JS501’ and ‘Replay’ perennial ryegrass glyphosate tolerance and rates required for annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) control. Hortscience 47:932–935 Google Scholar
Beard, JB (2002) Turf Management for Golf Courses. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. Pp. 437–584 Google Scholar
Brosnan, JT, Henry, GM, Breeden, GH, Cooper, T, Serensits, TJ (2013) Methiozolin efficacy for annual bluegrass (Poa annua) control on sand- and soil-based creeping bentgrass putting greens. Weed Technol 27:310–316 Google Scholar
Busey, P (2003) Cultural management of weeds in turfgrass: a review. Crop Sci 43:1899–1911 Google Scholar
Callahan, LM, McDonald, ER (1992) Effectiveness of bensulide in controlling two annual bluegrass (Poa annua) subspecies. Weed Technol 6:97–103 Google Scholar
Charbonneau, P, Brownbridge, M (2013) Rhizomatous tall fescue and regenerative perennial ryegrass performance in Ontario: year 1. Sports Turf Manag 26:14–18 Google Scholar
David, RH (2003) Annual Bluegrass L. (Poa annua L.) Pages 39–51 in Casler, MD, Duncan, RR, eds. Turfgrass Biology, Genetics, and Breeding. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley Google Scholar
European Parliament (2009). Directive 2009/128/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.Google Scholar
[FAO] Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (2006) World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2006: A Framework for International Classification, Correlation and Communication. Rome: FAO World Soil Res Rep 103. 145 pGoogle Scholar
Flessner, ML, McElroy, JS, Wehtje, GR (2014) Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) control in glyphosate-resistant perennial ryegrass overseeding. Weed Technol 28:213–224 Google Scholar
Goatley, M, Askew, S, Ervin, E, McCall, D, Studholme, B, Schultz, P, Horvath, B (2008) Sports turf management in the transition zone. Blacksburg, VA: Pocahontas Google Scholar
Goss, RL, Brauen, SE, Orton, SP (1975) The effects of N, P, K, and S on Poa annua L. in bentgrass putting green turf. J. Sports Turf Res Inst 51:74–82.Google Scholar
Grundy, AC (2003) Predicting weed emergence: a review of approaches and future challenges. Weed Res. 43:1–11.Google Scholar
Haguewood, JB, Song, E, Smeda, RJ, Moss, JQ, Xiong, X (2013) A suppression of annual bluegrass seedheads with mefluidide, ethephon, and ethephon plus trinexapac-ethyl on creeping bentgrass greens. Agron J 105:1832–1838.Google Scholar
Johnson, BJ (1994) Biological control of annual bluegrass with Xanthomonas campestris pv. poannua in bermudagrass. Hortscience 29:659–662 Google Scholar
Johnson, BJ, Murphy, TR (1995) Effect of paclobutrazol and flurprimidol on suppression of Poa annua spp. reptans in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) greens. Weed Technol 9:182–186 Google Scholar
Johnson, BJ, Murphy, TR (1996) Suppression of a perennial subspecies of annual bluegrass (Poa annua spp. reptans) in a creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) greens with plant growth regulators. Weed Technol 10:705–709 Google Scholar
Kaminski, JE, Dernoeden, PH (2007) Seasonal Poa annua L. emergence patterns in Maryland. Crop Sci 47:775–781 Google Scholar
Koo, SJ, Hwang, KH, Jeon, MS, Kim, SH, Lim, J, Lee, DG, Cho, NG (2014) Methiozolin [5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl-5-methyl-3,3(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-1,2-isoxazoline], a new annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) herbicide for turfgrasses. Pest Manag Sci 70(1):156–62Google Scholar
Kristoffersen, P, Rask, AM, Grundy, AC, Franzen, I, Kempenaar, C, Raisio, J, Schroeder, H, Spijker, J, Verschwele, A, Zarina, L (2008) A review of pesticide policies and regulations for urban amenity areas in seven European countries. Weed Res 48:201–214 Google Scholar
Law, R, Bradshaw, AD, Putwain, PD (1977) Life-history variation of Poa annua . Evolution 31:233–246 Google Scholar
Loague, K, Green, RE (1991) Statistical and graphical methods for evaluating solute transport models: overview and application. J Contam Hydrol 7:51–73 Google Scholar
Masin, R, Zuin, MC, Archer, DW, Forcella, F, Zanin, G (2005a) WeedTurf: a predictive model to aid control of annual summer weeds in turf. Weed Sci 53:193–201 Google Scholar
Masin, R, Zuin, MC, Zanin, G (2005b) Phenological observations on shrubs to predict weed emergence in turf. Int J Biometeorol 50:23–32 Google Scholar
Masin, R, Loddo, D, Benvenuti, S, Otto, S, Zanin, G (2012) Modeling weed emergence in Italian maize field. Weed Sci 60:254–259 Google Scholar
Matthew, DJ, Yelverton, FH, Gannon, TW (2013) Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) control in creeping bentgrass putting greens with Amicarbazone and Paclobutrazol. Weed Technol 27:520–526 Google Scholar
McCullough, PE (2012) Annual Bluegrass Control in Residential Turfgrass. Athens, GA: UGA Cooperative Extension Bulletin 1394. Pages 4 pGoogle Scholar
McCullough, PE, Hart, SE, Lycan, DW (2005) Plant growth regulator regimens reduce Poa annua populations in creeping bentgrass. Appl Turfgrass Sci 2(1). DOI: Google Scholar
McElory, JS, Breeden, GK, Wehtje, G (2011) Evaluation of annual bluegrass control programs for bermudagrass turf overseeded with perennial ryegrass. Weed Technol 25:58–63 Google Scholar
Puhalla, J, Krans, J, Goatley, M (1999) Sports Fields: A Manual for Design, Construction and Maintenance. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. 464 pGoogle Scholar
Turgeon, AJ (2002) Turfgrass Management. 6th edn. Upper Saddle Brook, NJ: Prentice Hall. 400 pGoogle Scholar
Vargas, JM, Turgeon, AJ (2004) Poa annua: Physiology, Culture, and Control of Annual Bluegrass. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. 165 pGoogle Scholar
Waddington, DV, Turner, TR, Duich, JM, Moberg, EL (1978) Effect of fertilization on ‘Pencross' creeping bentgrass. Agron J 70:713–718 Google Scholar
Watkins, E, Hollman, AB, Horgan, BP (2010) Evaluation of alternative turfgrass species for low-input golf course fairways. Hortscience 45:113–118.Google Scholar
Watschke, TL, Dernoeden, PH, Shetlar, DJ (1995) Managing Turfgrass Pests. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis (CRC). 361 pGoogle Scholar
Woosley, PB, Williams, DW, Powell, AJ (2003) Postemergence control of annual bluegrass (Poa annua spp. reptans) in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) turf. Weed Technol 17:770–776 Google Scholar