Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:11:24.728Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nitrogen Fertility and Weed Management Critical for Continuous No-Till Wheat in the Pacific Northwest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Frank L. Young ,
Mark E. Thorne  and
Douglas L. Young
Frank L. Young
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646420, Pullman, WA 99164-6420
Mark E. Thorne
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
Douglas L. Young*
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Economics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

No-till cropping is an option for growers needing to reduce soil erosion in the Palouse annual-cropped region of the Pacific Northwest, which is well suited for wheat production. A 6-yr field study was conducted to determine optimum levels of fertilizer and herbicide inputs in a no-till continuous wheat crop production system. Three levels of nitrogen (N) and two weed management levels (WML) were compared in a spring wheat (SW)–winter wheat (WW)–WW rotation through two rotation cycles. The high WML reduced weed densities about 50% compared with the low WML. In general, herbicide treatments were more effective on broadleaf weeds and may have facilitated a shift toward grass weeds. The high WML reduced grass weed biomass only at the reduced N levels, whereas the high WML reduced broadleaf weed density at all N levels. Variable environmental conditions affected wheat yield; however, yield tended to be highest where winter wheat immediately followed spring wheat. Nitrogen had little effect on weed density but increased crop yield about 13% with each increased N level. Crop yield was greater at the high versus low WML at each N level, even though weed density and biomass were reduced least between WMLs at the highest N level. The highest crop yield and net returns were obtained with the highest N and WML; however, none of the N and WML combinations were profitable.

Keywords

Winter wheatTriticum aestivum L.‘Waverly’‘Daws’‘Edwall’‘Hill 81’Crop rotationnitrogen fertilizerweed/crop interaction
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 20 , Issue 3 , September 2006 , pp. 658 - 669
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Appleby, A. P. and Morrow, L. A. 1990. The Pacific Northwest. in Donald, W. W., ed. Systems of Weed Control in Wheat in North America. Champaign, IL: Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Monogr. No. 6. Pp. 220–232.Google Scholar
Carlson, H. L. and Hill, J. E. 1985. Wild oat (Avena fatua) competition with spring wheat: effects of nitrogen fertilizer. Weed Sci. 34:29–33.Google Scholar
Cochran, V. L., Morrow, L. A., and Schirman, R. D. 1990. The effect of N placement on grass weeds and winter wheat responses in three tillage systems. Soil Tillage Res. 18:347–355.Google Scholar
Di Tomaso, J. M. 1995. Approaches for improving crop competitiveness through the manipulation of fertilization strategies. Weed Sci. 43:491–497.Google Scholar
Freyman, S., Palmer, C. J., Hobbs, E. H., Dormaar, J. F., Schaalje, G. B., and Moyer, J. R. 1982. Yield trends on long-term dryland wheat rotations at Lethbridge. Can. J. Plant Sci. 62:609–619.Google Scholar
Halvorson, A. D., Black, A. L., Krupinsky, J. M., and Merrill, S. D. 1999. Dryland winter wheat response to tillage and nitrogen within an annual cropping system. Agron. J. 91:702–707.Google Scholar
Halvorson, R. L. 1991. Palouse Agriculture: Farm Characteristics and Farmer Perceptions on Policy Alternatives. MA thesis. Department of Agricultural Economics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.Google Scholar
Hartzler, R. G. and Roth, G. W. 1993. Effect of prior year's weed control on herbicide effectiveness in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol. 7:611–614.Google Scholar
Hoffman, M. L., Owen, M. D. K., and Buhler, D. D. 1998. Effects of crop and weed management on density and vertical distribution of weed seeds in soil. Agron. J. 90:793–799.Google Scholar
Jørnsgård, B., Rasmussen, K., Hill, J., and Christiansen, J. L. 1996. Influence of nitrogen on competition between cereals and their natural weed populations. Weed Res. 36:461–470.Google Scholar
Kirkland, K. J. and Beckie, H. J. 1998. Contribution of nitrogen fertilizer placement to weed management in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol. 12:507–514.Google Scholar
Kolberg, R. L., Kitchen, N. R., Westfall, D. G., and Peterson, G. A. 1996. Cropping intensity and nitrogen management impact of dryland no-till rotations in the semi-arid western Great Plains. J. Prod. Agric. 9:517–522.Google Scholar
Krause, M. A. and Black, J. R. 1995. Optimal adoption strategies for no-till technology in Michigan. Rev. Agric. Econ. 17:299–310.Google Scholar
Littell, R. C., Miliken, G. A., Stroup, W. W., and Wilfinger, R. D. 1996. SAS systems for mixed models. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute.Google Scholar
McCloskey, M. C., Firbank, L. G., Watkinson, A. R., and Webb, D. J. 1998. Interactions between weeds of winter wheat under different fertilizer, cultivation, and weed management treatments. Weed Res. 38:11–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mesbah, A. O. and Miller, S. D. 1999. Fertlizer placement affects jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) competition in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol. 13:374–377.Google Scholar
Meyer, L. D., Dabney, S. M., Murphree, C. E., Harmon, W. C., and Grissinger, E. H. 1999. Crop production systems to control erosion and reduce runoff from upland silty soils. Trans. ASAE 42:1645–1652.Google Scholar
Moyer, J. R., Roman, E. S., Lindwall, C. W., and Blackshaw, R. E. 1994. Weed management in conservation tillage systems for wheat production in North and South America. Crop Prot. 13:243–259.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T., McAndrew, D. W., and Thomas, A. G. 1997. Tillage and nitrogen influence weed population dynamics in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Weed Technol. 11:502–509.Google Scholar
Painter, K. M., Hinman, H. R., Miller, B., and Burns, J. 1991. 1991. Crop Enterprise Budgets: Eastern Whitman County. Pullman, WA: Washington State University Cooperative Extension EB 1437.Google Scholar
Painter, K. M. and Young, D. L. 1991. Market price projections for major U.S. crops by farm policy scenario: Results of a survey of economists. Pullman, WA: Department of Agricultural Economics, Washington State University, Staff Paper A.E. 91–1.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, P. E. 1995. Effects of fertilizer and stubble burning on downy brome competition in winter wheat. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 26:951–960.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, P. E., Rickman, R. W., and Klepper, B. L. 1997. Residue and fertility effects on yield of no-till wheat. Agron. J. 89:563–567.Google Scholar
Swanton, C. J., Shrestha, A., Roy, R. C., Ball-Coelho, B. R., and Knezevic, S. Z. 1999. Effect of tillage systems, N, and cover crop on the composition of weed flora. Weed Sci. 47:454–461.Google Scholar
Welsh, J. P., Bulson, H. A. J., Stopes, C. E., Froud-Williams, R. J., and Murdoch, A. J. 1999. The critical weed-free period in organically-grown winter wheat. Ann. Appl. Biol. 134:315–320.Google Scholar
Williams, J. R., Llewelyn, R. V., and Barnaby, G. A. 1990. Risk analysis of tillage alternatives with government programs. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 72:172–181.Google Scholar
Wrucke, M. A. and Arnold, E. 1985. Weed species distribution as influenced by tillage and herbicides. Weed Sci. 33:853–856.Google Scholar
Yenish, J. P., Doll, J. D., and Buhler, D. D. 1992. Effects of tillage on vertical distribution and viability of weed seed in soil. Weed Sci. 40:429–433.Google Scholar
Young, D. L., Kwon, T. J., and Young, F. L. 1994. Profit and risk for integrated conservation farming systems in the Palouse. J. Soil Water Conserv. 49:601–606.Google Scholar
Young, F. L., Ogg, A. G. Jr., Thill, D. C., Young, D. L., and Papendick, R. I. 1996. Weed management for crop production in the Northwest wheat (Triticum aestivum) region. Weed Sci. 44:429–436.Google Scholar
Young, F. L., Seefeldt, S. S., and Barnes, G. F. 1999. Planting geometry of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) can reduce jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) spikelet production. Weed Technol. 13:183–190.Google Scholar
Zimdahl, R. L. 1990. The effect of weeds on wheat. in Donald, W. W., ed. Systems of Weed Control in Wheat in North America. Champaign, IL: Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Monogr. No. 6. Pp. 11–32.Google Scholar