Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T17:05:19.113Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mitigation Practices to Effectively Overseed into Indaziflam-Treated Turfgrass Areas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Matthew D. Jeffries ,
Travis W. Gannon ,
James T. Brosnan  and
Gregory K. Breeden
Matthew D. Jeffries*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
Travis W. Gannon
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
James T. Brosnan
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
Gregory K. Breeden
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Indaziflam is a PRE herbicide for annual broadleaf and grass control in turfgrass systems and requires a 40-wk minimum interval between application and overseeding perennial ryegrass. Currently, activated-charcoal application is recommended to reduce that interval; however, preliminary evaluations determined activated charcoal alone was not a robust mitigation practice for successful establishment during perennial ryegrass overseeding. Field research was conducted in North Carolina and Tennessee to evaluate various mitigation practices to effectively overseed perennial ryegrass into indaziflam-treated turfgrass areas. Immediately following indaziflam application (53 g ai ha−1), two scenarios were created by delivering 0 or 0.3 cm H2O before mitigation practice. Irrigated plots were air-dried before conducting mitigation practices. Evaluated mitigation practices included scalping (0.6 cm cut height; debris removed), verticutting (1.25 cm depth; debris removed), and activated-charcoal application (167 kg ha−1 applied as an aqueous slurry in 3,180 L ha−1), evaluated individually and in each two-way combination in the order scalp followed by (fb) activated charcoal, scalp fb verticut, or verticut fb activated charcoal. Twenty-four hours after mitigation practice completion, perennial ryegrass was seeded (976 kg ha−1) and maintained as a golf course fairway. Overall, perennial ryegrass cover was reduced ≥ 93% at 8 and 20 wk after treatment (WAT) when no mitigation practices were performed. Stand-alone mitigation practices variably improved perennial ryegrass establishment; however, no practice provided acceptable results for end users. Combining mitigation practices improved overseeding establishment, most notably by adding activated charcoal application or verticutting to scalping before irrigation. Across experimental runs and locations, scalp fb activated-charcoal application before irrigation reduced perennial ryegrass cover 22 to 27% at 20 WAT. Results from this research suggest mitigation practices in addition to the currently recommended activated-charcoal application should be performed by turfgrass managers to improve perennial ryegrass overseeding establishment in indaziflam-treated turfgrass areas.

Indaziflam es un herbicida PRE para el control de gramíneas anuales en sistemas de céspedes y que requiere un intervalo mínimo de 40 semanas entre la aplicación y la siembra de Lolium perenne sobre césped bermuda establecido. Actualmente, la aplicación de carbón activado está recomendada para reducir este intervalo; sin embargo, evaluaciones preliminares permitieron determinar que el carbón activado solo no fue una práctica robusta para el establecimiento exitoso durante la siembra de L. perenne sobre césped establecido. Se realizó una investigación de campo en North Carolina y Tennessee para evaluar varias práctica de mitigación, para poder sembrar efectivamente L. perenne en áreas de césped tratadas con indaziflam. Inmediatamente después de la aplicación de indaziflam (53 g ai ha−1), se crearon dos escenarios aplicando 0 ó 0.3 cm H2O antes de la práctica de mitigación. Las parcelas irrigadas se dejaron secar al aire antes de realizar las prácticas de mitigación. Las prácticas de mitigación evaluadas incluyeron la remoción de la mayoría del tejido foliar (scalp; corte a 0.6 cm de altura y remoción de residuos), corte vertical (verticut; corte a 1.25 cm de profundidad y remoción de residuos), y la aplicación de carbón activado (167 kg ha−1 aplicado como una suspensión acuosa en 3,180 L ha−1), evaluados individualmente y en cada una de las posibles combinaciones en pares, en el orden de scalp seguido por (fb) carbón activado, scalp fb verticut, o verticut fb carbón activado. Veinticuatro horas después de terminar la práctica de mitigación, se sembró L. perenne (976 kg ha−1) y el área se mantuvo como fairway de un campo de golf. En general, la cobertura de L. perenne se redujo ≥93% entre 8 y 20 semanas después del tratamiento (WAT) cuando no había práctica de mitigación. Las prácticas de mitigación consideradas en forma independiente, mejoraron el establecimiento de L. perenne en forma variable. Sin embargo, ninguna práctica brindó resultados aceptables para los usuarios finales. El combinar las prácticas de mitigación mejoró el establecimiento de L. perenne, y esto fue más notable al agregar la aplicación de carbón activado o verticut a áreas con scalp antes del riego. Al analizar en forma conjunta las corridas experimentales y las localidades, scalp fb carbón activado antes del riego redujo la cobertura de L. perenne 22 a 27% a 20 WAT. Los resultados de esta investigación sugieren que las prácticas de mitigación, además de las aplicaciones de carbón activado, actualmente recomendadas, deberían ser implementadas por profesionales de manejo de césped para mejorar el proceso de establecimiento en áreas de césped tratadas con indaziflam.

Keywords

Indaziflambermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.hybrid bermudagrass × African dogstooth grass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davyperennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L.Activated charcoalbest management practicepesticide remediationscalpverticut
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , March 2016 , pp. 154 - 162
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Scott McElroy, Auburn University.

References

Literature Cited

Alonso, DG, Koskinen, WC, Oliveira, RS Jr., Constantin, J, Mislankar, S (2011) Sorption–desorption of indaziflam in selected agricultural soils. J Agric Food Chem 59:13096–13101 Google Scholar
Anonymous (2010) Specticle 20 WSP® herbicide product label. Bayer Environmental Science Publication No. 80004419A. Research Triangle Park, NC: Bayer. 9 pGoogle Scholar
Anonymous (2015) Specticle FLO® herbicide label. Bayer Environmental Science Publication No. 80943407C. Research Triangle Park, NC: Bayer. 15 pGoogle Scholar
Bai, R, Li, D (2013) Establishment of perennial ryegrass in soil with simulated petroleum-based spills and remediation. Horttechnology 23:334–338 Google Scholar
Brosnan, JT, Breeden, GK (2012) Application placement affects postemergence smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) and annual bluegrass (Poa annua) control with indaziflam. Weed Technol 26:661–665 Google Scholar
Brosnan, JT, Breeden, GK, McCullough, PE, Henry, GE (2012) PRE and POST control of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) with indaziflam. Weed Technol 26:48–53 Google Scholar
Brosnan, JT, McCullough, PE, Breeden, GK (2011) Smooth crabgrass control with indaziflam at various spring timings. Weed Technol 25:363–366 Google Scholar
Campillo, C, Prieto, MH, Daza, C, Moñino, MJ, García, MI (2008) Using digital images to characterize canopy coverage and light interception in a processing tomato crop. Hortscience 43:1780–1786 Google Scholar
[EPA] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2010) Pesticide Fact Sheet—Indaziflam. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 108 pGoogle Scholar
Gan, JJ, Zhu, PC, Aust, SD, Lemley, AT (2004) Pesticide Decontamination and Detoxification. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. Pp 155–167 Google Scholar
Henry, GE, Brosnan, JT, Breeden, GK, Cooper, T, Beck, LL, Straw, CM (2012) Indaziflam programs for weed control in overseeded bermudagrass turf. Horttechnology 22:774–777 Google Scholar
Horgan, BP, Yelverton, FH (2001) Removal of perennial ryegrass from overseeded bermudagrass using cultural methods. Crop Sci 41:118–126 Google Scholar
Hoyle, JA, Yelverton, FH, Gannon, TW (2013) Evaluating multiple rating methods utilized in turfgrass weed science. Weed Technol 27:362–368 Google Scholar
Jhala, AJ, Ramirez, AHM, Singh, M (2012) Leaching of indaziflam applied at two rates under different rainfall situations in Florida Candler soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 88:326–332 Google Scholar
Johnson, BJ (1976) Effect of activated charcoal on herbicide injury during establishment of centipedegrass. Agron J 68:802–805 Google Scholar
Johnson, BJ, Bundschuh, SH (1993) Effect of dithiopyr timing on establishment of three cool-season turfgrass species. Weed Technol 7:169–173 Google Scholar
Kearney, PC, Roberts, T (1998) Pesticide Remediation in Soils and Water. Chichester, West Sussex, England: J Wiley. Pp 85–103, 251–283 Google Scholar
Keeley, SJ, Zhou, H (2005) Preemergence herbicide and seeding method effects on seedling growth of Kentucky bluegrass. Weed Technol 19:43–46 Google Scholar
Kim, DS, Marshall, EJP, Brain, P, Caseley, JC (2011) Effects of crop canopy structure on herbicide deposition and performance. Weed Res 51:310–320 Google Scholar
Larsen, SU, Bibby, BM (2005) Differences in thermal time requirement for germination of three turfgrass species. Crop Sci 45:2030–2037 Google Scholar
Mazur, AR, Wagner, DF (1987) Influence of aeration, topdressing, and vertical mowing on overseeded bermudagrass putting green turf. Hortscience 22:1276–1278 Google Scholar
McCarty, LB (2011) Best Golf Course Management Practices: Construction, Watering, Fertilizing, Cultural Practices, and Pest Management Strategies to Maintain Golf Course Turf with Minimal Environmental Impact. 3rd edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Pp 41, 279, 374–376, 390–392, 404–415, 649–650Google Scholar
McCarty, LB (2014) Activated Charcoal for Pesticide Deactivation. http://media.clemson.edu/public/turfgrass/2015%20Pest%20Management/2015_act_charcoal.pdf. Accessed February 2, 2015Google Scholar
McCarty, LB, Miller, G (2002) Managing Bermudagrass Turf: Selection, Construction, Cultural Practices, and Pest Management Strategies. Chelsea, MI: Ann Arbor. Pp 67–86 Google Scholar
McCullough, PE, Yu, J, Gómez de Barreda, D (2013) Efficacy of preemergence herbicides for controlling a dinitroaniline-resistant goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in Georgia. Weed Technol 27:639–644 Google Scholar
McElroy, JS, Breeden, GK, Wehtje, G (2011) Evaluation of annual bluegrass control programs for bermudagrass turf overseeded with perennial ryegrass. Weed Technol 25:58–63 Google Scholar
[NTEP] National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (2012) 2007 National Bermudagrass Test—2012 Data. Beltsville, MD: National Turfgrass Evaluation Program Rep No. 13-6; tables 7A, 9A, 10A Google Scholar
Richardson, MD, Karcher, DE, Purcell, LC (2001) Quantifying turfgrass cover using digital image analysis. Crop Sci 41:1884–1888 Google Scholar
Rogers, ME, Lush, WM (1989) Comparisons of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) accessions grown as turfs (lawn). Aust J Agric Res 40:549–559 Google Scholar
Spak, DR, Myers, D, Baker, B (2011) Assessing and mitigating the potential of off-target injury to cool season turfgrass with indaziflam. Page 94 in Proceedings of the 64th Southern Weed Science Society's Meeting. Las Cruces, NM: Southern Weed Science Society Google Scholar
Steel, RD, Torrie, JH, Dickey, DA (1997) Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 3rd edn. New York: McGraw-Hill. Pp 353–384 Google Scholar
Thoms, AW, Sorochan, JC, Brosnan, JT, Samples, TJ (2011) Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and grooming affect bermudagrass traffic tolerance. Crop Sci 51:2204–2211 Google Scholar
Turgeon, AJ (2011) Turfgrass Management. 9th edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Pp 335–337 Google Scholar
White, R, Steinke, K, Fontainer, C, Thomas, J (2010) Developing a device to quantify light penetration in turfgrass canopies. Crop Sci 50:1066–1069 Google Scholar
Yelverton, FH, McCarty, BM (2001) Tolerance of perennial ryegrass and Poa annua control with herbicides in overseeded bermudagrass. Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J 9:1050–1055 Google Scholar