Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T15:37:16.126Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Junglerice (Echinochloa colona) and feather fingergrass (Chloris virgata) seed production and retention at sorghum maturity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 October 2019

Gulshan Mahajan Open the ORCID record for Gulshan Mahajan [Opens in a new window] ,
Michael Walsh  and
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Gulshan Mahajan*
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Fellow, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
Michael Walsh
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
*
Author for correspondence: Gulshan Mahajan, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana141004, India Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In Australia, junglerice and feather fingergrass are problematic weeds in sorghum. The high seed production potential of these weeds increases their seedbank in the soil and makes weed control practices more difficult and expensive, particularly when weeds have evolved resistance to herbicides. A study was conducted to evaluate the seed production and seed retention behavior of junglerice and feather fingergrass at sorghum crop maturity following four transplanting times: 0, 2, 4, and 6 wk after sorghum emergence. Averaged across years, junglerice and feather fingergrass produced 4,060 and 5,740 seeds plant-1, respectively,when they were transplanted with the emergence of a sorghum crop. Seed retention ranged from 42% to 56% for junglerice and 67% to 75% for feather fingergrass when these weeds were transplanted from 0 to 4 wk after crop emergence. A positive correlation (r = 0.75 for junglerice; r = 0.44 for feather fingergrass) was found between seed production and weed biomass in both weeds, indicating that larger plants produced more seeds than smaller plants. However, no correlation was found between weed biomass and seed retention for junglerice. A weak positive correlation (r = 0.44) was found between feather fingergrass biomass and percent seed retention, indicating that seed retention was greater in larger plants compared with smaller plants. Our results suggest that feather fingergrass is a good candidate for harvest weed seed control (HWSC) tactics if crop harvest is timely. There is limited opportunity to use HWSC tactics for targeting junglerice seeds in sorghum crops, because most seeds dispersed before crop maturity. Additional research is required to evaluate seed retention levels of these weeds in other summer crops such as corn and soybean to determine the potential for HWSC for management of these species.

Keywords

feather fingergrass, Chloris virgata Swjunglerice, Echinochloa colona (L.) Linkcorn, Zea mays L.sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolorsoybean, Glycine max (L.) MerrHarvest weed seed controlmechanical weed controlweed biomassweed seedbankweed seed production
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 34 , Issue 2 , April 2020 , pp. 272 - 276
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Bradley Hanson, University of California, Davis

References

Ballare, CL, Scopel, AL, Sanchez, RA (1990) Far-red radiation reflected from adjacent leaves: an early signal of competition in plant canopies. Science 247:329–332CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barroso, J, Navarrete, L, Sánchez del Arco, MJ, Fernandez-Quintanilla, C, Lutman, PJW, Perry, NH, Hull, RI (2006) Dispersal of Avena fatua and Avena sterilis patches by natural dissemination, soil tillage and combine harvesters. Weed Res 46:118–128CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bosnic, A, Swanton, CJ (1997) Influence of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) time of emergence and density on corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci 45:276–282CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Johnson, DE (2010) Implications of narrow crop row spacing and delayed Echinochloa colona and Echinochloa crus-galli emergence for weed growth and crop yield loss in aerobic rice. Field Crops Res 117:177–182CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clay, SA, Kleinjan, J, Clay, DE, Forcella, F, Batchelor, W (2005) Growth and fecundity of several weed species in corn and soybean. Agron J 97:294–302Google Scholar
Dieleman, A, Hamill, AS, Fox, GC, Swanton, CJ (1996) Decision rules for postemergence control of pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Sci 44:126–132CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunan, CM, Westra, P, Schweizer, EE, Lybecker, DW, Moore, FD (1995) The concept and application of early economic period threshold: the case of DCPA in onions (Allium cepa). Weed Sci 43:634–639CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farmer, JA, Webb, EB, Pierce, RA, Bradley, KW (2017) Evaluating the potential for weed seed dispersal based on waterfowl consumption and seed viability. Pest Manag Sci 73:2592–2603CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaines, TA, Cripps, A, Powles, SB (2012) Evolved resistance to glyphosate in junglerice (Echinochloa colona) from the tropical Ord River region in Australia. Weed Technol 26:480–484CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, KD, Fischer, AJ, Foin, TC, Hill, JE (2002) Implications of delayed Echinochloa spp. germination and duration of competition for integrated weed management in water-seeded rice. Weed Res 42:351–358CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, KD, Foin, TC, Hill, JE (1999) The relative importance of root and shoot competition between water seeded rice and Echinochloa phyllopogon. Weed Res 39:181–190CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[GRDC] Grains Research & Development Corporation (2014) Integrated Weed Management of Feathertop Rhodes Grass. 138 p. https://grdc.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0024/182445/integrated-weed-management-feathertop-rhodes-grass-2014-web-accessible.pdf.pdf. Accessed on March 21, 2019Google Scholar
Jha, P, Norsworthy, JK, Riley, MB, Bielenberg, DG, Bridges, W (2008) Acclimation of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to shading. Weed Sci 56:729–734CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llewellyn, RS, Ronning, D, Ouzman, J, Walker, S, Mayfield, A, Clarke, M (2016) Impact of Weeds on Australian Grain Production: The Cost of Weeds to Australian Grain Growers and the Adoption of Weed Management and Tillage Practices. Kingston, ACT, Australia: Grains Research and Development Corporation and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. 112 pGoogle Scholar
Mahajan, G, Kerry, M, Chauhan, BS (2019) Influence of row spacing and cultivar selection on annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) control and grain yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Crop Pasture Sci 70:140–146CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, EJP, Brown, VK, Boatman, ND, Lutman, PJW, Squire, GR, Ward, LK (2003) The role of weeds in supporting biological diversity within crop fields. Weed Res 43:77–89CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mutti, N, Mahajan, G, Chauhan, BS (2019) Response of glyphosate resistant and susceptible biotypes of junglerice (Echinochloa colona) to mungbean interference. Weed Sci 67:419–425CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ngo, TD, Boutsalis, P, Gill, G, Preston, C (2017) Growth, development, and seed biology of feather fingergrass (Chloris virgata) in Southern Australia. Weed Sci 65:413–425CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, TH, Malone, JM, Boutsalis, P, Shirley, N, Preston, C (2016) Temperature influences the level of glyphosate resistance in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa colona). Pest Manag Sci 72:1031–1039CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norris, RF (1980) Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.] competition and seed production. Proc Weed Sci Soc Am 5(20):143–149Google Scholar
Rasool, G, Mahajan, G, Yadav, R, Hanif, Z, Chauhan, BS (2017) Row spacing is more important than seeding rate for increasing Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) control and grain yield in soybean (Glycine max). Crop Pasture Sci 68:620–624CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, LM, Norsworthy, JK, Young, BG, Bradley, KW, Kruger, GR, Davis, VM, Steckel, LE, Walsh, MJ (2016) Tall waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) seed production and retention at soybean maturity. Weed Technol 30:84–290CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steckel, LE, Sprague, CL (2004) Common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) interference in corn. Weed Sci 52:359–364CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swanton, CJ, Nkoa, R, Blackshaw, RE (2015) Experimental methods for crop–weed competition studies. Weed Sci 63:2–11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, S, Michael, W, Andrew, S, Vikki, O (2004) Preventing glyphosate resistance in weeds of the northern grain region. Pages 428–431 in 14th Australian Weeds Conference: Weed Management: Balancing People, Planet, Profit. Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia; Weed Society of New South WalesGoogle Scholar
Walsh, MJ, Newman, P, Powles, SB (2013) Targeting weed seeds in-crop: a new weed control paradigm for global agriculture. Weed Technol 27:431–436CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, TM, Grey, TL (2008) Growth and reproduction of Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) in response to drought stress. Weed Sci 56:561–566CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werth, J, Boucher, L, Thornby, D, Walker, S, Charles, G (2013) Changes in weed species since the introduction of glyphosate resistant cotton. Crop Pasture Sci 64:791–798CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Widderick, M, Cook, T, McLean, A, Churchett, J, Keenan, M, Miller, B, Davidson, B (2014) Improved Management of Key Northern Region Weeds: Diverse Problems, Diverse Solutions. Hobart, TAS, Australia: Tasmanian Weed Society. Pp 312–315Google Scholar
Wu, H, Walker, S, Osten, V, Taylor, I, Sindel, B (2004) Emergence and persistence of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa colona (L.) Link) and its management options in sorghum. Pages 538–541 in 14th Australian Weeds Conference: Weed Management: Balancing People, Planet, Profit. Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia; Weed Society of New South WalesGoogle Scholar