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Integrating fall and spring herbicides with a cereal rye cover crop for horseweed (Conyza canadensis) management prior to soybean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2019

Austin D. Sherman ,
Erin R. Haramoto Open the ORCID record for Erin R. Haramoto [Opens in a new window]  and
J. D. Green
Austin D. Sherman
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
Erin R. Haramoto*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
J. D. Green
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Erin R. Haramoto, Assistant Professor, University of Kentucky, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546. (E-mail: [email protected])
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Abstract

Horseweed is one of Kentucky’s most common and problematic weeds in no-till soybean production systems. Emergence in the fall and spring necessitates control at these times because horseweed is best managed when small. Control is typically achieved through herbicides or cover crops (CCs); integrating these practices can lead to more sustainable weed management. Two years of field experiments were conducted over 2016 to 2017 and 2017 to 2018 in Versailles, KY, to examine the use of fall herbicide (FH; namely, saflufenacil or none), spring herbicide (SH; namely, 2,4-D; dicamba; or none), and CC (namely, cereal rye or none) for horseweed management prior to soybean. Treatments were examined with a fully factorial design to assess potential interactions. The CC biomass in 2016 to 2017 was higher relative to 2017 to 2018 and both herbicide programs reduced winter weed biomass in that year. The CC reduced horseweed density while growing and after termination in 1 yr. The FH reduced horseweed density through mid-spring. The FH also killed winter weeds that may have suppressed horseweed emergence; higher horseweed density resulted by soybean planting unless the CC was present to suppress the additional spring emergence. If either FH or CC was used, SH typically did not result in additional horseweed control. The SH killed emerged plants but did not provide residual control of a late horseweed flush in 2017 to 2018. These results suggest CCs can help manage spring flushes of horseweed emergence when nonresidual herbicide products are used, though this effect was short-lived when less CC biomass was present.

Keywords

2,4-Ddicambasaflufenacilhorseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.cereal rye, Secale cereale L.soybean, Glycine max (L.) MerrIntegrated weed management
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 34 , Issue 1 , February 2020 , pp. 64 - 72
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: William Johnson, Purdue University

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